scholarly journals Prevalence of Kudoa in Fish Fillets Caught in Para State

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Vaz RODRIGUES ◽  
Patrícia Tidori MIURA ◽  
Jéssica Fernandes De OLIVEIRA ◽  
Maria das Dores Correia Palha ◽  
João Pessoa Araújo JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Muscle Lesions

Kudoa is a myxozoan that causes myoliquefaction in marine fishes. Most of species only affect fish, but a K. septempunctata outbreak was reported in 358 people. Although many species of Kudoa are known, none was described in Brachyplatystoma filamentosum, Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, Mugil curema, Plagioscion squamosissimus or Oxydoras niger until now. Due to the economic cost of eliminating seafood presenting myxozoan lesions, this study aimed to describe lesions found at necropsy and histopathology, as well as to detect this myxozoan by molecular techniques. For this purpose, were sampled 85 fish of the following species: Brachyplatystoma filamentosum, Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, Mugil curema, Plagioscion squamosissimus, and Oxydoras niger from Colares and Vigia, Pará, Brazil. Necropsies were carried out to describe lesions and molecular techniques (PCR and sequencing) were applied for identification. Although muscle lesions were not observed at necropsy, histopathology revealed bacterial colonies, coagulative necrosis, dystrophic calcification, eosinophils, hemorrhage, parasitic cysts, protozoan, and vacuolization. After sequencing, K. shiomitsui (GENBANK: LC128646) was identified as the causative agent of fishes infection. Also, high parasitism of this myxozoan was observed in fishes sampled, i.e., 90 % in Colares and 100% in Vigia.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Pathogenic Fungi in Chilga District, North Gondar, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefinew Tilahun ◽  
Marye Alemu ◽  
Mesfin Tsegaw ◽  
Nega Berhane
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diseased Plant

Ginger diseases caused by fungal pathogens have become one of the most serious problems causing reduced production around the world. It has also caused a major problem among farmers in different parts of Ethiopia resulting in a huge decline in rhizome yield. However, the exact causative agents of this disease have not been identified in the state. Although there are few studies related to pathogenic fungus identification, molecular level identification of fungal pathogen was not done in the area. Therefore, this study was undertaken to isolate and characterized the fungal causative agent of ginger disease from the diseased plant and the soil samples collected around the diseased plant from Chilga district, Gondar, Ethiopia. Samples from infected ginger plants and the soil around the infected plant were collected. Culturing and purification of isolates were made using Potato Dextrose Agar supplemented with antibacterial agent chloramphenicol. The morphological characterization was done by structural identification of the isolates under the microscope using lactophenol cotton blue stains. Isolated fungi were cultured and molecular identification was done using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A total of 15 fungal morphotypes including 11 Aspergillus spp. (73.3%), 2 Penicillium spp. (13.3%), and single uncultured fungus clone S23 were isolated from the samples representing all the plant organs and the soil. Aspergillus spp. (73.3%) was the most common and seems to be the major causative agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ginger pathogenic fungi in Ethiopia identified using ITS rDNA molecular techniques. This study will lay foundation for the development of management strategies for fungal diseases infecting ginger.

scholarly journals Anisakiasis Pada Ikan Laut Di Indonesia: Prevalensi, Sebaran Dan Potensi Patogenitasnya Pada Manusia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Forman Erwin Siagian ◽  
Esy Maryanti
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Nematode Worm ◽  
Global Data

Nematode worm Anisakis sp is the causative agent of anisakiasis, a zoonosis which continues to be a health problem in humans, globally. Its clinical spectum varies from mild to very severe and always connected with sea fishes, one important source of nutrition for the community that cannot be ignored. In addition, consumer’s behavior and lifestyle in processing and consuming sea fishes also have has the potency as the predisposing factor for its transmission and clinical manifestations. This review article aimed to describes recent global data on anisakiasis and its occurrence in marine fishes of Indonesian waters and the risk of transmission in the community.

scholarly journals A PCR Method to Detect Myxobolus acanthogobii (Myxozoa: Myxosporea), the Causative Agent of Skeletal Deformities of Marine Fishes

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-199
Author(s):  
Seiji Miyajima ◽  
Hiroshi Yokoyama ◽  
Yutaka Fukuda ◽  
Kumiko Okamoto ◽  
Kazuo Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Skeletal Deformities ◽  
Pcr Method

scholarly journals Detección de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis en heces de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) utilizando una metodología microbiológica y una molecular

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Hugo Alexander Jaramillo Torres ◽  
Rocío Esperanza Patiño Burbano ◽  
José Luis Rodríguez Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Amplification Protocol ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Sensitivity Level

<p>En este trabajo se evaluó el desempeño de dos metodologías, una microbiológica y una molecular basada en la amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), para la detección de <em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis </em>en heces de cuyes. La evaluación de cada una de las metodologías se realizó teniendo en cuenta su sensibilidad y especificidad analítica, así como su costo económico, tiempo y complejidad. La detección molecular de <em>Y. pseudotuberculosis </em>se realizó por PCR anidada usando iniciadores específicos para el gen de virulencia cromosomal <em>inv</em>, mientras que en los ensayos microbiológicos la identificación bacteriana se hizo mediante una batería comercial de perfiles bioquímicos<em>. </em>Se estandarizó un protocolo de amplificación en materia fecal, el cual redujo el efecto negativo que causan los inhibidores de la PCR presentes en muestras de esta naturaleza. La sensibilidad analítica más alta se observó con la metodología en la que se combinó preenriquecimiento, aislamiento microbiológico y PCR, con un rango de detección entre 1,5 x 104 y 1,5 x 103 unidades formadoras de colonias por gramo (ufc/g) de material fecal; mientras que la mayor sensibilidad obtenida en PCR anidada fue de 1,5 x 105 ufc/g de materia fecal. Tanto la metodología microbiológica como la molecular presentaron ventajas en los ensayos en los que se usó materia fecal estéril experimentalmente inoculada. Sin embargo, en muestras de materia fecal sin esterilizar la detección del microorganismo se dificultó al utilizar una única metodología, por lo que se sugiere combinar técnicas microbiológicas y moleculares para obtener un mejor desempeño diagnóstico. </p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis </em></strong><strong>detection in feces of guinea pigs (<em>Cavia porcellus</em>) using microbiological and molecular methods </strong></p><p>The suitability of two methodologies, a conventional microbiological method and a molecular method, based on amplifications by Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was evaluated for the detection of <em>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis </em>in feces of guinea pig. The analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity, as well as the economic cost, time and complexity for each method were evaluated. Molecular detection of <em>Y. pseudotuberculosis </em>was done by a nested PCR with specific primers for the <em>inv </em>chromosomal virulence gene. The microbiological confirmation was done by using a commercial identification kit. In order to reduce the side effect caused by PCR inhibitors that are normally present in feces, an amplification protocol for such type of samples was standardized. The highest sensitivity level was observed in the method that combined pre-enrichment, microbiological isolation and PCR. This method was able to detect bacterial concentrations between 1.5 x 104 and 1.5 x 103 colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) of feces, whereas the highest diagnostic sensitivity level obtained by nested PCR was 1.5 x 105 CFU/g of feces. Both, the molecular and the microbiological methodologies, had advantages with experimentally inoculated sterile feces. Since the detection of the microorganism on samples of non-sterilized feces was difficult using either method, the use of a combination of microbiological and molecular techniques is suggested to get a better diagnostic performance for the detection of this pathogen. </p><p> </p>

Genetic structure of three marine fishes from the Gulf of Pagasitikos (Greece) based on allozymes, RAPD, and mtDNA RFLP markers

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos Apostolidis ◽  
Katerina Moutou ◽  
Costas Stamatis ◽  
Zissis Mamuris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Mean Values

AbstractIn the present work we used three molecular techniques (allozymes, RAPDs and mtDNA RFLPs) in order to study the genetic structure of three commercial marine species (Mullus surmuletus, Mullus barbatus, and Pagellus erythrinus). Each species was sampled from three locations within the Gulf of Pagasitikos, Greece and from two neighbouring locations outside the Gulf (Trikeri and Alonissos). Values of genetic heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity for all populations studied were similar or above the mean values observed in marine fishes. None of the three types of molecular markers used revealed diagnostic patterns, which could allow the allocation of individuals to one of the populations. The analyses revealed that the three populations within Pagasitikos were homogenous representing thus a panmictic stock. However, there were evidences of genetic population subdivision between localities from inside and outside of the Pagasitikos Gulf. The results provide essential information for the design of a sustainable management plan of the Gulf of Pagasitikos and its demersal fish resources.

scholarly journals Clinical and pathological study of retained placenta in Iraqi buffaloes

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Al-Kennany, M. A. Rahawy and E. S. Al-Allaf
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Gross Lesions

The present study was conducted to explore the clinical signs and pathological changes might occur with retained placenta. Sixty-three placenta examined Iraqi buffaloes in Ninevah province during the period from February 2005 to February 2006, were collected after 24 hr postpartum, Result showed variable gross lesions in those examined placenta. Some retained placenta showed severe congestion associated with the presence of focal areas of necrosis and, others suffer from thickening with congested some of the cotyledons. Histologically, the lesions characterized by thickening in wall of maternal blood vessels and, coagulative necrosis appeared in placental plates, maternal caruncles and fetal cotyledon. Infiltration and proliferation of macrophages and binucleated cells, desquamation of syncytiotrophoblast were quite obvious. Moreover, most Retained Placenta sections have revealed dystrophic calcification association with fatty infiltration.

Multimode light microscopy and fluorescence-based reagents as tools for the study of chemical and molecular dynamics of living cells and tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
D. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Structural Methods

Cells function through the complex temporal and spatial interplay of ions, metabolites, macromolecules and macromolecular assemblies. Biochemical approaches allow the investigator to define the components and the solution chemical reactions that might be involved in cellular functions. Static structural methods can yield information concerning the 2- and 3-D organization of known and unknown cellular constituents. Genetic and molecular techniques are powerful approaches that can alter specific functions through the manipulation of gene products and thus identify necessary components and sequences of molecular events. However, full knowledge of the mechanism of particular cell functions will require direct measurement of the interplay of cellular constituents. Therefore, there has been a need to develop methods that can yield chemical and molecular information in time and space in living cells, while allowing the integration of information from biochemical, molecular and genetic approaches at the cellular level.

Scanning electron microscopy of erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Victor Tsutsumi ◽  
Adolfo Martinez-Palomo ◽  
Kyuichi Tanikawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis in man. The trophozoite or motile form is a highly dynamic and pleomorphic cell with a great capacity to destroy tissues. Moreover, the parasite has the singular ability to phagocytize a variety of different live or death cells. Phagocytosis of red blood cells by E. histolytica trophozoites is a complex phenomenon related with amebic pathogenicity and nutrition.

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