scholarly journals Intensive Agricultural Practices as Enhancers of the Dispersion of Invasive Species: Notification of the Observation of A Case with Robinia Pseudoacacia L. in Alentejo (Southern Portugal)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Raposo ◽  
Carlos Pinto-Gomes ◽  
Leonel Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Invasive forest species are a recurring problem, which in Portugal assume a somewhat mediatic role,both because of the impacts they cause on biodiversity, but also because they enhance the accumulation of high mounts of fuel load, increasing the risk of forest fires. However, in some areas of the country, such as the Alentejo (South of Portugal), the scarcity of water did not allow, until now, the dispersion and rapid growth of some of these species, namely Robinia pseudoacacia, which has always remained under control, and it was never a real problem. However, with the growth of intensive farming practices, associated with vineyards, olive groves and almond trees, water and nutrients became available, enabling this species to grow and disperse. This communication presents an observation of several sets of R. pseudoacacia specimens growing with different agricultural holdings, raising the hypothesis that intensive farming practices may, in the short term, contribute to the dispersion of invasive species in regions where they were not a problem, if the situations reported are not followed up and studies are carried out to confirm and confirm the observations described.

scholarly journals Energy Recovery from Invasive Species: Creation of Value Chains to Promote Control and Eradication

Recycling ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes ◽  
Abel M. Rodrigues ◽  
Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro ◽  
Letícia C. R. Sá ◽  
João C. O. Matias
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Energy Production System ◽  
Control And Eradication

The use of biomass as an energy source presents itself as a viable alternative, especially at a time when the mitigation of climate change requires that all possibilities of replacing fossil fuels be used and implemented. The use of residual biomass also appears as a way to include in the renewable energy production system products that came out of it, while allowing the resolution of environmental problems, such as large volumes available, which are not used, but also by the elimination of fuel load that only contributes to the increased risk of rural fires occurrence. Invasive species contribute to a significant part of this fuel load, and its control and eradication require strong investments, so the valorization of these materials can allow the sustainability of the control and eradication processes. However, the chemical composition of some of these species, namely Acacia dealbata, Acacia melanoxylon, Eucalyptus globulus, Robinia pseudoacacia and Hakea sericea, presents some problems, mainly due to the nitrogen, chlorine and ash contents found, which preclude exclusive use for the production of certified wood pellets. In the case of Eucalyptus globulus, the values obtained in the characterization allow the use in mixtures with Pinus pinaster, but for the other species, this mixture is not possible. From a perspective of local valorization, the use of materials for domestic applications remains a possibility, creating a circular economy process that guarantees the sustainability of operations to control and eradicate invasive species.

IgE-vermittelte Allergie gegen Robinienholz (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – eine Fallbeschreibung

Pneumologie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kespohl ◽  
R Merget ◽  
M Gellert ◽  
T Brüning ◽  
M Raulf-Heimsoth
Keyword(s):  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Agricultural practices of improve hardiness a winter-annual rape

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
O.L. Kyrylesko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Selection Of

Influence of top-dressing is considered in the article, norms and terms of sowing on of winter-annual rape. The assessment conducted by the yield of green mass and seeds, output capacity by about 1 hectare of dry matter, feed units and digestible protein, the number of dead plants and density of herbage. Established that hardiness and productivity of winter rape can be enhanced through the use of farming practices as: by creating a moderate density of herbage, using optimal terms of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers, selection of predecessors and careful preparation of the soil ect. The mechanism of influence of agrotechnical receptions is exposed on of winter-annual rape through determination in roots before the offensive of the winter of separate biochemical indexes (sugar, starch, to protein).

Productivity and Environmental Role of Forest Shelterbelts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of the Kuban Lowland

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
V.V. Tanyukevich ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tyurin ◽  
D.V. Khmeleva ◽  
A.A. Kvasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Young Growth

Works on protective afforestation are carried out in order to protect agricultural land from degradation processes, as well as to improve the microclimate of land. The research purpose is to study the bioproductivity and environmental role of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest shelterbelts in the conditions of the Kuban lowland. The approved and generally accepted methods of forest valuation, forest land reclamation, botany, and mathematical statistics were applied. Plantings were created according to the standard technology for the steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The area of forest shelterbelts is 62.4 ths ha, including 5 % of the young growth (I state class), 80 % of middle-aged forest plantings (II state class), 10 % of maturing plantings (II state class), 5 % of mature and overmature plantings (III state class). Living ground cover is formed by the following species: Koeleria pyramidata L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca pratensis H., Elytrígia repens L., Dactylis glomerata L., and Phlum pratense L. Aboveground phytomass is 100–300 g/m2; height is 25–32 cm. Plantings are characterized by the quality classes: young growth – I and II; middle-aged and maturing – III; mature and overmature – IV. At the age of natural maturity (70 years), the Robinia trunk reaches the average height of 15.1 m with the average diameter of 22.1 cm. The total stock of wood reaches 18, (ths m3), including (ths m3): young growth – 68 (ths m3); middleaged plantings – 14,871 (ths m3); maturing plantings – 2,187 (ths m3); mature and overmature plantings – 1,314 (ths m3). Aboveground phytomass in young growth is 20.2 t/ha; in mature and overmature plantings it is 391.2 t/ha. In the region it is estimated at 17,070 ths t, including (ths t): young growth – 64; middle-aged plantings – 13,753; maturing plantings – 2,032; mature and overmature plantings – 1,221. The share of stem mass reaches 84.5–80.8 %; woody greenery – 4.2–1.5 %; branches – 11.3–17.7 %. Recalculation coefficients of the stock into aboveground phytomass are the following for: young growth – 0.936; mature and overmature forest shelterbelts – 0.929. Phytosaturation of forest shelterbelts varies within 0.314–2.474 kg/m3. Forest shelterbelts have accumulated 8,534 ths t of carbon, which is estimated at 145.1 mln dollars. The sphere of application of the research results is the Krasnodar Krai forestry, which is recommended to create an additional 60 ths ha of forest shelterbelts, which will provide a normative protective forest cover of arable land of 5 % and annual carbon sequestration up to 3.4 t/ha.

scholarly journals Rock-Solubilizing Microbial Inoculums Have Enormous Potential as Ecological Remediation Agents to Promote Plant Growth

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Jia ◽  
Miaojing Meng ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Lu Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L

Anthropogenic overexploitation poses significant threats to the ecosystems that surround mining sites, which also have tremendous negative impacts on human health and society safety. The technological capacity of the ecological restoration of mine sites is imminent, however, it remains a challenge to sustain the green restorative effects of ecological reconstruction. As a promising and environmentally friendly method, the use of microbial technologies to improve existing ecological restoration strategies have shown to be effective. Nonetheless, research into the mechanisms and influences of rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums on plant growth is negligible and the lack of this knowledge inhibits the broader application of this technology. We compared the effects of rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums on two plant species. The results revealed that rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums significantly increased the number of nodules and the total nodule volume of Robinia pseudoacacia L. but not of Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. The reason of the opposite reactions is possibly because the growth of R. pseudoacacia was significantly correlated with nodule formation, whereas L. bicolor’s growth index was more closely related to soil characteristics and if soil nitrogen content was sufficient to support its growth. Further, we found that soil sucrase activity contributed the most to the height of R. pseudoacacia, and the total volume of root nodules contributed most to its ground diameter and leaf area. Differently, we found a high contribution of total soil carbon to seedling height and ground diameter of L. bicolor, and the soil phosphatase activity contributed the most to the L. bicolor’ s leaf area. Our work suggests that the addition of rock-solubilizing microbial inoculums can enhance the supply capacity of soil nutrients and the ability of plants to take up nutrients for the promotion of plant growth. Altogether, our study provides technical support for the practical application of rock-solubilizing microbes on bare rock in the future.

The Para-O-Methylation of Apigenin to Acacetin by Cell-Free Extracts of Robinia pseudoacacia L.

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Kuroki ◽  
Jonathan E. Poulton
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Methyltransferase Activity ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
Homogenization Medium

Abstract Crude extracts from young Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings, shoots, and callus tissue catalyze the para-O-methylation of apigenin to acacetin using S-adenosyl-ʟ-methionine as methyl donor. Optimum activity was exhibited at pH 9.0, and Mg2+ was not required for maximum activity. EDTA (10 mᴍ) did not affect the reaction rate, but 47% inhibition was observed with SAH (100 μᴍ). β-Mercaptoethanol (5 mᴍ) was required in the homogenization medium for optimum O-methyltransferase activity. Apigenin (Km, 50 μᴍ) was the best substrate, but significant activity was shown towards caffeic acid, 5-hydroxyferulic acid, naringenin, and quercetin. Paracoumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids were not methylated. The Km for S-adenosyl-ʟ-methionine was 31 μᴍ. Our demonstration of a para-O-methyltransferase activity methylating apigenin, but not para-coumaric acid, strongly supports the conclusion that the B-ring methylation pattern of acacetin is determined at the C15-level in Robinia pseudoacacia.

scholarly journals Comparison of arthropod communities between high and low input maize farms in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. del-Val ◽  
E. Ramírez ◽  
M. Astier
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Arthropod Diversity ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Arthropod Predators ◽  
Animal Communities

Abstract Background Animal communities are vulnerable to agricultural practices. Intensive farming considerably reduces overall arthropod diversity, but not necessarily pest abundance. Natural control of herbivores in agroecosystems is accomplished by predators and parasitoids, but in intensified agricultural regimes, the chemical control used to reduce pest abundances also affects pests’ natural enemies. To achieve more sustainable agriculture, there is a need to better understand the susceptibility of predators to conventional management. Methods In order to quantify the arthropod diversity associated with different schemes of agricultural management of maize, we evaluated agricultural fields under two contrasting management regimens in Michoacán, México during the spring–summer cycle of 2011. Arthropod communities were evaluated in plots with conventional high-input versus low-input agriculture in two sites—one rainfed and one with irrigation. The experimental units consisted of twelve 1 ha agricultural plots. To sample arthropods, we used 9 pitfall traps per agricultural plot. Results During the sampling period, we detected a total of 14,315 arthropods belonging to 12 Orders and 253 morphospecies. Arthropod community composition was significantly different between the sites, and in the rain-fed site, we also found differences between management practices. Predators, particularly ants, were more abundant in low-input sites. Herbivory levels were similar in all fields, with an average of 18% of leaf area lost per plant. Conclusions Our results suggest that conventional farming is not reducing herbivore abundances or damage inflicted to plants, but is affecting arthropod predators. We discuss repercussions for sustainable agriculture.

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