scholarly journals Effects of forest restoration techniques on community diversity and aboveground biomass on area affected by mining tailings in Mariana, Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Favoreto Campanharo ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Pedro Manuel Villa ◽  
Gabriel Correa Kruschewsky ◽  
Andreia Aparecida Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Active Restoration ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Restoration Method ◽  
Ecological Dominance

Currently there is an urgent and special attention in actions to restore tropical forests. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different restoration methods on aboveground biomass (AGB) stock, tree community diversity and structure, in areas affected by the Fundão tailings dam collapse in Mariana, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We measured and compiled data of the AGB, community diversity and structure attributes in 36 plots distributed in six restoration treatments and six replicas: planting of native tree seedlings with fertilization and pH correction (PSf) and without fertilization and pH correction (PS); seeding of native trees with fertilization and pH correction (SDf) and without fertilization and pH correction (SD); natural regeneration with fertilization and pH correction (NRf) and without fertilization and pH correction (NR). No significant differences in substrate properties and AGB between treatments. Although biomass storage between treatments was not statistically different, there is a clear pattern showing higher values active restoration method. The Pielou index ranged from 0.520 (SDf) to 0.943 (NR), except for SDf all the others treatments had values higher than 0.76. This result suggests floristic heterogeneity, without ecological dominance in the plant community. Overall, active restoration had important implications for the forest restoration where natural regeneration is limited.

scholarly journals Study on site preparation and restoration techniques for forest restoration in mining tailings of Mariana, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Pedro Manuel Villa ◽  
Fabio Haruki Nabeta ◽  
Leonardo Ferreira Da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Correa Kruschewsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mining Tailings ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Active Restoration ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Substrate Fertility

Ecological restoration in forest ecosystem affected by the Fundão tailings dam failure is a national priority in Brazil. Thus, we evaluated the effects of passive and active restoration methods through different site preparation techniques by manipulating physical-chemical properties of substrates on tree community coverage in Mariana, Brazil. A total of 48 plots (12 × 12 m each) were established in two areas along the flood plains with accumulation of tailings. The following treatments were established: i) planting of native tree seedlings with fertilization and ii) without fertilization; iii) direct seeding of native trees with fertilization and iv) without fertilization; v) natural regeneration with fertilization and vi) without fertilization. Differences in substrate properties and tree community coverage were evaluated between treatments, the substrate properties and tree community coverage relationship, and main effects of substrate fertility and texture on tree community coverage. There were marked differences in substrate and plant coverage between treatments, maintaining a similar pattern in fertilizer treatments. There is a strong relationship between substrate fertility and plant community coverage, with significant positive effects. It was observed that the passive and active restoration methods can be complementary in the soil and plant community coverage recovery in the areas affected by the mining tailings in Mariana region. 

scholarly journals Soil seed banks in two environments of forest restoration post bauxite mining: native tree plantation and natural regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Wesley da Silva Fonseca ◽  
Luiz Henrique Elias Cosimo ◽  
Diego Balestrin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Ecological Dominance

The objective of this study was to compare the soil seed bank of an area under natural regeneration (F1) and another reforested through seedling planting (F2), seven years after bauxite mining, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In each area, 10 sampling points were randomly distributed, using three samples of topsoil to represent each point. The samples were transported to a shade house and evaluated for six months, where emerging individuals were identified every two weeks. In F1, 2,114.94 propagules m-2 were registered, belonging to 51 species and 24 botanical families, H’=2.770 e J’=0.705. In F2, 1,168.62 propagules m-2 were registered, belonging to 42 species and 22 families, H’=2.618 and J’=0.700. The Jaccard index between F1 and F2 was 0.61, indicating a high similarity between the analyzed areas. The results showed high density of propagules, good diversity and absence of ecological dominance. The high similarity between forests is related to geographical proximity, the same topsoil origin (agricultural/pasture) and also to the role of the dispersing fauna. The high number of individuals and diversity of tree species with zoochoric dispersion found in the areas indicate that both natural regeneration and reforestation were efficient in the ecological restoration of bauxite mined areas. 

scholarly journals Influences of environmental variables on the natural regeneration in a forest under restoration after bauxite mining and a reference ecosystem in Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly de Almeida Silva ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Aurino Miranda Neto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Reference Ecosystem

The shrub-tree floristic compositions of the natural regeneration stratum of a bauxite mine in the process of restoration and in a reference ecosystem (remnant of a preserved secondary Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest) were analysed to evaluate forest restoration conditions five years after planting. The influences of canopy openness, accumulated leaf litter and soil attributes in the regeneration stratum were also investigated in both forests. The floristic composition of the regeneration stratum in the restoration forest and in the reference ecosystem are distinct, due to the difference in the environmental variables. Results showed that the reference ecosystem favours the presence of species that tolerate environments with greater shading and higher aluminium and organic matter content in the soil, while the forest under restoration favours the presence of species adapted to fertile soils and those that tolerate greater luminosity. The restoration actions implanted are making possible the return of native species in bauxite mined area.

Climate resilience through natural regeneration in degraded natural forests of south-eastern hilly region of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Md Khayrul Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Akhter Hossain ◽  
Abdul Kadir Ibne Kamal ◽  
Mohammed Kamal Hossain ◽  
Mohammed Jashimuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Ecological Dominance

A study was conducted by using 5m × 5m sized 179 quadrates following multistage random sampling method for comparative regenerating tree species, quantitative structure, diversity, similarity and climate resilience in the degraded natural forests and plantations of Cox's Bazar North and South Forest Divisions. A total of 70 regenerating tree species were recorded representing maximum (47 species) from degraded natural forests followed by 43 species from 0.5 year 39 species from 1.5 year and 29 species from 2.5 year old plantations. Quantitative structure relating to ecological dominance indicated dominance of Acacia auriculiformis, Grewia nervosa and Lithocarpus elegans seedlings in the plantations whereas seedlings of Aporosa wallichii, Suregada multiflora and Grewia nervosa in degraded natural forests. The degraded natural forests possess higher natural regeneration potential as showed by different diversity indices. The dominance-based cluster analysis showed 2 major cluster of species under one of which multiple sub-clusters of species exists. Poor plant diversity and presence of regenerating exotic species in the plantations indicated poor climate resilience of forest ecosystem in terms of natural regeneration.

scholarly journals Aerial Seeding: An Effective Forest Restoration Method in Highly Degraded Forest Landscapes of Sub-Tropic Regions

Forests ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1748-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xiao ◽  
Xiaohua Wei ◽  
Yuanqiu Liu ◽  
Xunzhi Ouyang ◽  
Qinglin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Restoration Method ◽  
Aerial Seeding

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration After Gold Mining in the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for Restoration of Tropical Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Chambi-Legoas ◽  
Daigard Ricardo Ortega Rodriguez ◽  
Francisco de Marques de Figueiredo ◽  
Joel Peña Valdeiglesias ◽  
Percy Amílcar Zevallos Pollito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Secondary Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Madre De Dios

Context: Gold mining is the most destructive activity in the natural forests of the Madre de Dios region in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Understanding the natural regeneration process of these degraded areas is necessary to develop forest restoration projects in such conditions.Aims: We aimed to evaluate forest recovery and identify the successional and structure patterns of vegetation governing natural regeneration over time.Methods: Structure, composition, richness, diversity, and successional status were evaluated in abandoned artisanal gold mine areas in Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru. Vegetation data were recorded in 61 plots of 250 m2 established in five sites varying from 1 to 19 years of abandonment. Vegetation in abandoned areas was compared with six undisturbed forests evaluated in previous inventories.Results: In the mining lands, tree density and basal area recovered quickly, while species richness and composition were slow. Forest recovery is an initial stage of transition from pioneer to early secondary species until at least 19 years after abandonment. The most abundant and frequent species were the fast-growing species Ochroma pyramidale and Cecropia engleriana. These species could be considered potential candidates to promote restoration plans. Pioneer species represented 63% of the number of species in plots of 1–4 years, 57% in plots of 5–7 years, and 50% in plots of 8–19 years. Early and late secondary species represented 34 and 16%, respectively, of the number of species in plots of 8–19 years. Abandoned mining and reference plots present less than 5% of species in common.Conclusion: Our results highlight a slow natural regeneration process in areas for up to 19 years after gold mining. Species from different successional statuses were identified as potential candidates for recovering vegetation in such areas. Our findings may have important implications for further research focusing on the ecological restoration in tropical forests severely degraded by gold mining.

scholarly journals Potentials of Natural Tree Regeneration after Clearcutting in Subalpine Forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Kreyling ◽  
Andreas Schmiedinger ◽  
Ellen Macdonald ◽  
Carl Beiekuhnlein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Understory Plant

Abstract Regeneration of interior mountain forests still is not adequately understood, although these forests are subject to intensified use over the last decades. We examined factors influencing the success of natural tree regeneration after harvesting in the Engelmann spruce–subalpine fir zone of the Monashee Mountains, British Columbia, Canada. Distance from the forest edge was an important factor for regeneration; at distances exceeding 70 m from the forest edge only 50% of plots showed sufficient natural regeneration to meet stocking targets compared with 90% of plots closer to forest edges. Seedling density and growth were superior in the more protected southern portions of clearcuts. Seedling growth was less in plots containing high cover of downed woody debris. There was no relationship between understory plant diversity or composition and tree seedling regeneration. However, cover of fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) had a significant negative relationship with density but not growth of tree seedlings, particularly for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Cover of fireweed decline substantially within the first 10 years after clearcutting. We conclude that natural regeneration of trees has potential to help achieve stocking targets and also to maintain natural diversity of tree species if spatial constraints, especially thresholds in clearcut size, are considered.

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