scholarly journals Factorial optimization of Coagulation-Flocculation process for Abattoir Wastewater using Carica Papaya seed extract as bio-coagulant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 009-016
Author(s):  
Mmasinachi Mary Nweke ◽  
Franklin O. Chukwuma ◽  
Benson O. Evbuomwan ◽  
Akuma Oji
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
P Value ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Factorial Optimization ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Papaya Seed

The objective of this research was to optimize the coagulation-flocculation process for abattoir wastewater by utilizing a bio-coagulant derived from Carica Papaya seed (CPS). The bio-coagulant (CPC) was extracted from the Carica Papaya seed using a 2M NaCl solution, and the coagulation-flocculation process was carried out using a bench scale jar test. Applying design expert (13.0.5.0), 23 full factorials with 5 center points, the effects of three factors: coagulant dosage (X1), pH of the wastewater (X2), and temperature (X3) on turbidity reduction efficiency were examined. Applying ANOVA, it was discovered that a linear model best characterizes the process, with a significant p-value of 0.0015, showing that the model is significant. Additionally, the temperature is a significant component in the model, with a p-value of 0.02 indicating that the temperature is statistically significant. A turbidity reduction efficiency of 90.02 % was attained at the optimum conditions of 0.75g/L of CPC, pH of 6, and temperature of 308 K.

scholarly journals Turbid Water Treatment Using Deshelled Carica papaya Seed: Analysis Via Factorial Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 7787-7795
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Turbid Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Coagulant Dosage ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Operational Factors ◽  
Papaya Seeds ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Papaya Seed

Natural coagulants are proven to be a good alternative to conventional coagulants with the removal of various pollutants and are environmentally friendly. Despite its advantages, the least studies were carried out on local agro-wastes such as papaya seeds as natural coagulants concerning different operational factors. The study analyzes the main and interactions effect between the coagulant dosage, initial turbidity, and pH on deshelled Carica papaya seeds for turbid water treatment. A 2-level factorial design was used to investigate the main and interaction effects of the main operational factors, viz. coagulant dosage (50-200 mg/L), pH (3-7), and initial turbidity (100-500 NTU) on the turbidity removal of the synthetic turbid water. Based on individual performance, the results suggested that initial turbidity and pH are the most significant factors among the investigated operational factors. In combination, all interactions are significant, but the interaction between initial turbidity and pH is most significant, with 97.2% turbidity removal. Upon application of Carica papaya seed as a natural coagulant in water and wastewater treatment, these operating variables and their interactions are best to be considered.

scholarly journals Methanolysis of Carica papaya Seed Oil for Production of Biodiesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluso O. Agunbiade ◽  
Tolulope A. Adewole
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Papaya Seed

The future of fossil fuel sources of energy has necessitated the need to search for renewable alternatives. Thus, Carica papaya seed oil (CPSO) was employed as feedstock for the production of biodiesel by methanolysis. The seed was obtained locally, dried, and extracted with n-hexane. The CPSO was analyzed for specific gravity, viscosity, iodine value, and saponification value, among others using standard methods. The oil was transesterified by two-stage catalysis with oil to methanol mole ratio of 1 : 9. The biodiesel produced was subjected to standard fuel tests. The seed has an oil yield of 31.2% which is commercially viable. The kinematic viscosity of the oil at 313 K was 27.4 mm2s−1 while that of Carica papaya oil methylester (CPOME) was reduced to 3.57 mm2s−1 and the specific gravity was 0.84 comparable with other seed-oil biodiesels and number 2 diesel. Other oil properties were compared favourably with seed oils already documented for biodiesel synthesis. CPOME’s cloud and pour points were 275 K and 274 K, respectively, and relatively higher than other biodiesels and number 2 diesel. CPOME exhibits moderate corrosion of copper strip. The methanolysis improved the fuel properties of the CPOME similar to other biodiesels. CPSO therefore exhibits a potential for biodiesel production.

Nutritive Potentials of Pawpaw (Carica Papaya) Seed Meal as Additive on the Haematological Profile of Catfish Fingerlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paterson Adogbeji Ekokotu ◽  
Arnold Ebuka Irabor ◽  
Oster Francis Nwachi ◽  
Aminu Abubakar Garuba
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Papaya Seed

scholarly journals The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Carica papaya Seed towards Lipid Profile on Rats Induced Rifampicin and Isoniazid

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
. Liana ◽  
I. Nyoman Ehrich Lister ◽  
Edy Fachrial ◽  
. Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Papaya Seed

Aims: Rifampicin one of the most commonly used front-line drugs in antituberculosis therapy, has been known to be hepatotoxic. The oxidative stress that is formed in the mitochondria due to rifampicin and isoniazid causes an imbalance in lipid metabolism. This study aims to determine the effect of lowering total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels and increasing HDL levels of papaya seed ethanol extract in rats induced by rifampin and isoniazid. Study design: This study is experimental study. Methodology: This study was divided into 9 groups including normal group, negative group 1, 2, 3, positive 1, 2, treatment group I (EECP 100 mg/kgbw), treatment group II (EECP 300 mg/kgbw), and treatment group III (EECP 500 mg/kgbw). Rifampicin (50 mg/kgbw), isoniazid (50 mg/kgbw), and EECP were given 28 days, on day 29 rats were dissected and blood was taken and the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL levels were measured. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of papaya seeds at a dose of 100 mg / kgbb, 300 mg / kgbb, and 500 mg / kgbw could reduce levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increase HDL levels. The dose of 500 mg / kgbw was not statistically significant (P> 0.05) with the normal group. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Carica papaya has a potential effect of preventing the destruction of lipid metabolism effect by reducing the LDL, Trygliseride, Cholesterol Total, and increasing the level of HDL.

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