scholarly journals Development of double screw press and method of controlling the parameters of the briquetting process

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 050-058
Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Ľubomír Šooš ◽  
Juraj Beniak
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Biomass Densification ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
And Control

Paper is focused on development of new patented construction of screw briquetting machine for compacting biomass into the solid biofuel. Developed machine design is based on achieved results of comprehensive research of the complicated process of biomass densification. Patented construction provides two main goals: the elimination of axial forces, which causes increasing of bearings lifetime, and a new modular design of pressing chamber and tools with geometry based on application of the mathematical model. Research of the biomass densification pointed to the need for modular design of densification machine, where it is possible to control all significant parameters of the densification process. The goal of this paper is to present a new patented design of screw press, which satisfies all requirements for modularity and control of the parameters. It allows optimizing this process for different types of raw materials and achieving high quality production. Results of experimental research of densification process then allow the engineering design of the production machine tailor-made to the customer, while being able to minimize investment, energy and operating costs. The developed design of screw press is unique in its modularity and high reliability.

scholarly journals Modularity of Pressing Tools for Screw Press Producing Solid Biofuels

10.14311/1558 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This paper focuses on the development of the newly-patented structure of a screw briquetting machine for compacting biomass into a solid biofuel. The design of the machine is based on the results of a comprehensive study of the complicated process of biomass compaction. The patented structure meets two main goals: the elimination of axial forces, leading to increased lifetime of the bearings, and the new modular design of a pressing chamber and tools with their geometry based on the application of a mathematical model.

The Effectiveness Criterion for Densification of Wood Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Miloš Matúš ◽  
Peter Križan ◽  
Juraj Beniak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Biomass Densification ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
Two Stages

Densification process of biomass to the form of high-grade solid biofuel (briquette or pellet) is influenced by amount of technological factors. Size fraction and moisture content of raw material have the most importance. The densification process may be describing by complicated mathematical models based on behaviour of pressed particular matter. Therefore it is complicated to energy optimize the process. This paper deals with a methodology for determining the compressibility for pine sawdust on the basis of experiments. It also specifies the effectiveness criterion for biomass densification in order to optimize the densification process in terms of energy input. The experiments were performed in two stages. The first stage was an experimental investigation of the influence of size fraction and moisture content on the final compressibility of pine sawdust. High-pressure binderless densification of pine processing residues in the form of sawdust was studied. A piston-and-die process was used to produce densified briquettes under 20 °C temperature and at pressure up to 159 MPa. The results show the behaviour of the pressure load when the parameters of the particulate matter are changed. In the second stage, the experiments were evaluated and optimized to achieve minimum energy input of the process and a maximum degree of densification. For this purpose the Effectiveness Criterion for Densification was designed

scholarly journals A Modular Design Concept for Shaping Future Wireless TSN Solutions

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Christoph Fischer ◽  
Dennis Krummacker ◽  
Michael Karrenbauer ◽  
Hans Dieter Schotten
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
Hard Real Time

The use of wireless communication systems in industrial environments is gaining international importance. The requirements, which are placed thereby on the communication systems, are manifold depending on the specific use. In the field of industrial manufacturing, however, many applications are characterized by high reliability requirements and hard real-time demands. The latter requires a time-deterministic handling of processed transmissions and therefore requires the use of Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) solutions. In this paper, we briefly describe which functionalities characterize a wireless TSN system and which approaches have already been pursued in the literature and standardization. Subsequently, we present a concept for a toolbox that allows one to combine the required functionalities into a working solution, which can be used as a guideline for software-based implementation. Additionally, since reliability of transmissions is one of the key challenges, especially in wireless communication, to achieve a performance comparable to wired systems, we provide some further design considerations to improve.

Application of PID in Controllable Pitch Propeller of a Multipurpose Ocean Tug

2013 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Hui Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Automatic Control System ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Hardware Configuration ◽  
Design Idea ◽  
And Control

This paper takes the automatic control system of controllable pitch propeller in a multipurpose ocean tug as an example to describe the application of the S7-200 series PLC in the control system of 4500 horse power controllable pitch propeller in detail. The principle of control system is addressed, as well as the hardware configuration, the design idea of the main software and control process. The system shows high reliability, accuracy and good control performance in practical in practical running.

Research of Multi-Channel Hygrothermoscope Acquiring System

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Xiao Bing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Simple Circuit ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Host Machine ◽  
Humidity Transducer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Humidity Monitoring ◽  
Conditioning Control

The paper introduces a multipoint remote Hygrothermoscope monitoring system based on the MAX485 bus. The system of remote multipoint temperature control is composed of the host machine and slave machine; the host system for display and control, the slave system is responsible for collecting temperature data. Between master machine and slave machine communicate through the RS-485 bus, can realize the distant control room of the scene monitoring. The STC89C54 MCU is used as the controller and DHT11 is used as the temperate and humidity transducer. The hardware and software of the system are outlined. The system has realized multiple measuring points, easy expansion, and high reliability, anti-interference. The whole system has the advantages of simple circuit, reliable, and can be used for measuring temperature, humidity, temperature of building air conditioning control temperature and humidity monitoring and other fields.

The Application of S7-200 PLC Reactive Compensation Device in Small Substation

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Qing He Chu ◽  
Wen Si Cao ◽  
Zhen Nie
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reactive Power Compensation ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Reactive Compensation ◽  
Reconstruction Project ◽  
Compensation Device ◽  
And Control

In the present rural power grid reconstruction project ,according to the problems of capacitor reactive power compensation in rural small substation. Take a small substation for instance, according to its operation and control method, set the criterion of the capacitor bank switching. A new high reliability, flexible reactive power compensation control device based on s7-200 PLC is designed. It plays an important role in improving the power supply , guaranteeing the quality of voltage, reducing the loss of rural power gid.

Feed Authentication as an Essential Component of Food Safety and Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
L. Pinotti ◽  
V.M. Moretti ◽  
A. Baldi ◽  
F. Bellagamba ◽  
A. Campagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Consumer Concerns ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
And Control ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The protracted outbreak of mad-cow disease, repeated episodes of dioxin and mycotoxin contamination, and the issue of labelling genetically modified foods have severely shaken public confidence in the food supply industry, increasing consumer concerns about the origins of the raw materials used in both animal feed and food products. The need to develop improved techniques to characterize feed and food components has consequently become more urgent, and DNA-based technologies promise to be able to meet these needs. DNA methods can establish the origin of species in meat- and fish-based products and feed ingredients, and are the most reliable analytical approaches for authenticating processed foodstuffs. The identification of ingredients in processed feed and food is mandatory not only to ensure correct labelling and assessment of value, but also to avoid health risks related to the presence of toxic contaminants or pathogenic agents.

Analysis of the Waste Volume and CO2-Equivalent Caused by the Use of Selected Patch Pumps

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682199152
Author(s):  
Jana Winkelkötter ◽  
Thore Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Modular Design ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Manual Sorting ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Incineration Residues

Background: The use of tube-free insulin pumps is increasing. To protect the environment, the use of resources and the amount of emissions into the environment should be kept as low as possible when designing these systems. In addition to basic waste avoidance, the composition of the waste produced must be considered. Methods: To compare current tube-free pumps from an ecological standpoint, a tube-free insulin pump with a modular design and two non-modular tube-free pumps were subjected to manual separation, manual sorting, characterization, and mass determination. The annual waste volume of a user was measured, and the recyclability was assessed. The global warming potential (GWP) resulting from extraction of raw materials, energetic utilization of waste, and landfill of the incineration residues was balanced. Results: For the modular tube-free pump, a total waste volume of 5.5 kg/a (recycling percentage 44.3%) was determined. The non-modular systems generated 4.9 kg/a (recycling percentage 14.6%) and 5.1 kg/a (recycling percentage 16.0%) waste. The product-specific GWP of the modular system was approximately 50% lower than that of the non-modular systems; the packaging-specific GWP was 2.5 times higher. In total, a GWP of 13.6 kg CO2-equivalent per year could be determined for the modular system and a GWP of 15.5 kg CO2-equivalent per year for the non-modular systems. Conclusions: Although the modular micropump has a higher total waste volume, a greater ecological potential can be attributed to it. This is based on the recyclability of the system due to its modularity and the possible reduction of packaging waste.

Innovative Materials for Sustainable Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 1023 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Berenice Zúñiga-Torres ◽  
Ramiro Correa-Jaramillo ◽  
Francisco Hernández-Olivares ◽  
Francisco Fernandez-Martinez ◽  
Alonso Zúñiga-Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Griffith Criterion ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Simple Compression ◽  
Husk Rice ◽  
And Control

The construction industry has focused on trying to minimize and control the environmental impacts caused within the process of production and manufacture of fired bricks, for this reason the present research proposes five different alternative mixtures for the elaboration of ecological bricks, four of these based on soil-cement and one obtained through a geopolymerization process, using raw materials from the amazon region and the southern highlands of Ecuador, such as soil from the Centza mine (MC), sand from the Quiringue mine (MQ), organic correctors of husk rice (RH ), peanut shell (PS), natural gypsum (G) from the Malacatos sector and fired brick residues from the same sector. The raw materials were characterized (analysis: physicochemical and mineralogical); the soil-cement-based combinations used different percentages of substitution of organic correctors and gypsum, the optimum percentage of water and cement was determined through the compaction test and resistance to simple compression respectively, the samples were cured and tested at ages of 7, 14 and 28 days. In the geopolymerization process, an alkaline solution NaOH was used in different concentrations of molarity and solution contents, the specimens were cured at temperatures of 90 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C. The different combinations were subjected to indirect traction with the purpose to determine the optimal mixture and subsequent estimation of the compressive strength of bricks applying the Griffith criterion, the results were validated by the finite element method, obtaining strengths of 4 MPa in the combination soil-cement sand (SC_Ar1), in soil-cement rice husk (SC_RH2) and soil-cement peanut shell (SC_PS2) mixtures its resistance is 3 MPa, while in the soil-cement gypsum (SC_G4) mixture the resistance is 6.90 MPa and finally the resistance in geopolymeric mixture (GBW) is 13.75 MPa; In this way, the optimal combinations comply and increase the resistance to simple compression of bricks by 35% the SC_Ar1 mixture, 130% in the SC_G mixture with respect to the spanish standard and 129% the GBW mixture with respect to the ecuadorian standard.

Capturing the Familiness of Family Businesses: Development of the Family Influence Familiness Scale (FIFS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Frank ◽  
Alexander Kessler ◽  
Thomas Rusch ◽  
Julia Suess–Reyes ◽  
Daniela Weismeier–Sammer
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control

This article develops a familiness scale measuring the family influence on the business via decision premises that express familiness. In three studies, we examine familiness with qualitative and quantitative approaches based on new systems theory. Narrative interviews are employed to generate items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses led to a multidimensional scale (Family Influence Familiness Scale [FIFS]) comprising six dimensions: (1) ownership, management, and control; (2) proficiency level of active family members; (3) sharing of information between active family members; (4) transgenerational orientation; (5) family–employee bond; and (6) family business identity. Results indicate high reliability and validity levels.

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