scholarly journals Study of mycoses diagnosed in patients living with HIV hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the CHU YO of Ouagadougou

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 059-063
Author(s):  
Mamoudou Savadogo ◽  
Ismaël Diallo ◽  
K Apoline Sondo
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective: To study the mycoses in HIV patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the CHU YO (Yalgado Ouédraogo) Patients and method: This was a retrospective study carried out in the SMIT of the CHU-YO over a period of ten years from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Results: During the study period 145 cases of mycosis were diagnosed in patients living with HIV. The average age of the patients was 42±11 years. The sex ratio was 0.64. On admission, the majority of patients (71.54%) had an impaired general condition. All patients were severely immunocompromised (mean CD4 count=59 cells/mm3). Digestive candidiasis and neuromeningeal cryptococcosis were the most frequently diagnosed mycoses. Other comorbidities were dominated by digestive coccidiosis (Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporosis) and common germ pneumonia. All patients had received antifungal and antiretroviral treatment. The evolution was marked by a lethality of 25%. Conclusion: The mycoses are relatively frequent and potentially serious during HIV infection. Their prognosis was even worse when the TCD4 lymphocyte count was low and when there were other associated comorbidities.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS DIAGNOSED IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) AT THE SERVICE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF UHC (UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CENTER) YALGADO OUÉDRAOGO, BURKINA FASO

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Savadogo M ◽  
Diallo I ◽  
Sondo K A
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa remains one of the regions most affected by HIV infection with severe lethality.Most deaths of patients living with HIV are caused by opportunistic infections. Objective: to determine the prevalence of opportunistic infections among patients living with HIV in hospital serving infectious diseases of UHC YO of Ouagadougou. Patients and Methods:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study covering a 14-month period from 1 January 2017 to 28 February 2018. Included were all HIV-positive patients, hospitalized at the service of Infectious Diseases, in which an opportunistic infection was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and/or para-clinical arguments. Results: During the study period a total of 55 patients living with HIV were hospitalized in the infectious disease unit,35 of whom had at least one opportunistic infection or 63.6% of the patients.The average age of patients was 37 years with extremes of 18 and 66 years.Twenty-two patients were female versus 13 male, a sex ratio = 0.59. HIV1 was involved in 97% of patients.The mean TCD4 lymphocyte rate was 156 cell/mm3 with extremes of 7 and 718 cell/mm3.Tuberculosis and digestive mycosis were the most frequently diagnosed opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infection was the circumstance for HIV testing in two patients.She revealed immune restoration syndrome in two other patients.Nineteen patients were already on antiretroviral treatment upon admission to the service.Half of the patients on treatment were in therapeutic failure.The evolution was marked by 26.5% lethality. Conclusion:The frequency of opportunistic infections is high in patients living with HIV.Their prevention requires early detection of HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Bone Mineral Densitometry in People Living with HIV with or without Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Tutan Das ◽  
Bhagyabati Devi ◽  
Ningthoukhongjam Reema ◽  
Thangjam Gautam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a disease that affects millions of people globally and affects almost all the body systems including bone metabolism. Derangement of bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV patients is well established in international literature but least studied in India. Therefore, this study aims to determine the association between BMD change and HIV infection with or without antiretroviral therapy (ART) and compare the different regimens of ART. Materials and Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and ART Center of Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India. A total of 50 HIV patients were screened by a central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) examination for measuring BMD. Correlation of BMD with a CD4 count, and different ART regimens were also studied. Results In our study, majority of the patients (29 [58%]) had low BMD. Of the 29 patients, 18 (36%) had osteopenia and 11 (22%) had osteoporosis. Of the ART naïve patients, 81.8% have reduced BMD. Among different ART regimens, tenofovir-based regimes were mostly associated with low BMD (52.4%). A statistically significant association between low CD4 count and low BMD was found. Conclusion Our study concluded that HIV infection is associated with bone loss and low BMD in people living with HIV (PLHIV) irrespective of its treatment with ART. PLHIV are at a greater risk of bone loss secondary to decreased BMD. Among the ART regimens, tenofovir-based regimens are mostly associated with low BMD. Therefore, all HIV patients should be screened by DEXA scan for BMD status, and timely intervention should be started.

scholarly journals Hematological Profile of HIV-Infected Patients on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Correlation With CD4 Count

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jospeh Diamond Princy ◽  
Kshetrimayum Birendra Singh ◽  
Ningthoujam Biplab ◽  
Ningthoukhongjam Reema ◽  
Rajesh Boini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a state of profound immunodeficiency. Disorders of hematopoietic system are a common but often overlooked complication of HIV infection. This can manifest at any stage of the disease but more commonly in the advanced stage with low CD4 count. Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in HIV patients and prevalence ranges from 1.3 to 95%. As HIV disease progresses, the prevalence and severity of anemia also increase. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the hematological parameters of HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at different treatment durations with the hope to improve the HAART outcome in HIV patients and its correlation with CD4 count. Methods This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 134 HIV-infected patients admitted to or attending the OPD in the Department of Medicine or Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Center (Center of Excellence), Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from 2018 to 2020. Complete hemogram, CD4 count, and other related-blood investigations were studied. Results The mean age of the study population was 39.9 ± 11.04 years. Of the 134 patients, 75 (56%) were males and 59 (44%) were females. Twelve (9%) patients had a history of injecting drug use (IDU). TLE (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) regimen was started on 112 (83.6%) patients and the majority of them (69/134 [51.5%]) had a CD4 count of 200 to 499 cells/mm3, which increased significantly 6 months after HAART to 99 to 1,149 cells/mm3, with a mean of 445 ± 217 cells/mm3. There were significant improvements in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) after HAART indicating a positive correlation with CD4 count (p < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia was observed higher after HAART when compared to baseline. There was a positive correlation between platelet count and CD4 count. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a negative correlation with CD4 count. Conclusion The study inferred a strong positive correlation between CD4 and Hb levels, TLC, ANC, ALC, and platelet count after HAART with improvement in these values as CD4 count increases. Specific treatment intervention based on the changes in the immunohematological profile trends can help prevent most of the adverse effects on HIV patients in our community.

EFFECT OF IMMUNOMODULATORY HERBAL MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS ON CD4 + LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND TOTAL VIRAL LOAD IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. T. Tharakan ◽  
◽  
G Kuttan ◽  
R. Kuttan ◽  
M. Kesavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Hematological Analysis

This study was carried out to determine the effect of herbal medication on the clinical status of HIV infected persons especially on their CD4+ T lymphocyte count and viral load. The toxicity of the medication was also studied. 25 HIV positive individuals were taken for the study. They were treated with a herbal formulation developed in our centre, for one year. Patients were evaluated for their clinical status every month and CD4+ T lymphocyte and viral load every six months. Other parameters assessed were body weight, hematological analysis and hepatic and renal function tests. Body weight was found to be increased in 20 patients out of 25 who have undergone treatment. CD4+T lymphocyte count was increased in 15 patients and viral load was decreased in 20 patients. In six patients viral load was undetectable range. Administration of these medications significantly reduced, elevated interferon-? and tumor necrosis factor in HIV patients. Medication did not produce any toxicity in HIV patients, as it did not show any significant change in hepatic function, renal function and haematology. Administration of herbal preparation was found to reduce clinical symptoms produced by HIV infection. This herbal formulation was found useful therapeutically for the management of HIV infection and did not produce any toxicity.

Women’s Issues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gorman ◽  
Judith Currier ◽  
Elise Hall ◽  
Julia del Amo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Living With Hiv

This chapter explores some of the unique challenges that often put women at higher risk of HIV infection and that create a course of illness that may differ from that found in men living with HIV. The first portion of the chapter discusses manifestations of HIV infection and the course of infection in women. It also addresses the particular issues associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and women, and the interactions between ART and depression in women. The chapter then goes on to broach an important topic that puts many women at high risk for HIV infection: gender-based violence, as well as some of the key, albeit limited, research on effective interventions for gender-based violence and HIV prevention. The third part of the chapter addresses issues related specifically to HIV and pregnancy, including vertical transmission. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of a relatively neglected topic, HIV and menopause.

scholarly journals 4180 CD4 count is a prognostic marker in persons living with HIV and non-small cell lung cancer in the Bronx

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Madelyn Klugman ◽  
Melissa Fazzari ◽  
Mindy Ginsberg ◽  
Thomas Rohan ◽  
David Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is a high burden of lung cancer in persons living with HIV (PLWH). The role that HIV status, by levels of immune function and viral load, has on survival from lung cancer is not fully understood. The study’s objectives were to assess 1) the association of HIV with survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 2) prognostic factors in PLWH with NSCLC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants were from a cohort of lung cancer patients diagnosed between 2004-2017 in the Bronx, NY, with vital status ascertainment at least annually. We compared survival from NSCLC diagnosis between HIV-negative patients (HIV-, N = 2881) and PLWH (N = 88), using Cox regression, accounting for clinical and sociodemographic factors including smoking status. In three separate comparisons to HIV-, PLWH were dichotomized by CD4 count (<200 vs. ≥200 cells/μL), CD4/CD8 ratio (median, <0.43 vs. ≥0.43) and HIV viral load (VL) suppression (<75 vs. ≥75 copies/mL). In PLWH only, we assessed the relationships of CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and VL at diagnosis with survival adjusting for age, sex, and cancer stage. CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio were also examined as time-varying variables using a counting process approach. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: PLWH were younger (median 56 years, IQR 51-52 vs. 68, IQR 60-76) and more likely to be current smokers (58% vs. 37%) at diagnosis than HIV- patients. Median survival was lower in PLWH [1.1 years, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.6-1.3] than in HIV- [1.6 (1.5-1.7)]. Survival comparing PLWH with higher CD4/CD8 to HIV- was similar [hazard ratio (HR), 95%CI: 0.63 (0.37-1.07)], but those with lower CD4/CD8 experienced worse survival (HR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.07-3.89). Among PLWH, having a CD4 count < 200 cells/μL was associated with over twice the risk of death compared to those with CD4 ≥ 200 cells/μL (HR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.14-4.92). VL and CD4/CD8 ratio were not associated with survival. Lower time-updated CD4 count was also associated with worse survival (HR = 2.19 for CD4 <200 vs. >200 cells/μL, 95%CI: 1.16-4.13). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Among persons with NSCLC, CD4/CD8 ratio nearest diagnosis was shown to distinguish mortality risk in PLWH compared with HIV- patients. In addition, PLWH with low CD4 had worse prognosis than PLWH who had higher CD4 counts. These results suggest HIV immune status to be an essential component influencing survival in lung cancer.

Correlation Between Total Lymphocyte Count, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and CD4 Count in HIV Patients in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Iheanyichi Emuchay ◽  
Shemaiah Olufemi Okeniyi ◽  
Joshua Olusegun Okeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Total Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Total Lymphocyte

Introduction to the Immunocompromised Patient

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 235-237
Author(s):  
Santiago Martínez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Medical Chart ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Evaluation of neoplastic and infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients and their complications is difficult. Knowledge of the type of immunodeficiency remains the best tool for the formulation of an appropriate and timely diagnosis. Several strategies are helpful when interpreting imaging studies of patient with potential immune compromise. If the patient is HIV (+), correlation with the CD4 lymphocyte count is imperative as different diseases occur at the various CD4 count levels. When a patient’s HIV status is unknown and imaging findings suggest an HIV-related disease, the clinician should be encouraged to actively search for pertinent risk factors, and HIV testing should be offered. Likewise, correlation with the medical chart is also critical in the assessment of all other immunocompromised patients: congenital immunosupression, diabetes, transplantation, preexisting lung disease (e.g. asthma and COPD). The following chapters emphasize imaging findings as correlated with clinical and laboratory abnormalities in a variety of common immunodeficiencies.

scholarly journals What Determines Do-Not-Resuscitate Status in Critically Ill HIV Patients?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S435-S435
Author(s):  
Shannon L Turvey ◽  
Anne Gregory ◽  
Sean Bagshaw ◽  
Wendy I Sligl
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Do Not Resuscitate ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Mortality and morbidity of people living with HIV have declined in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rates remain high. In this study, we identified predictors of Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) status in critically ill HIV patients. Methods Retrospective cohort study of all first-time admissions of HIV-infected patients to five ICUs in Edmonton, Alberta from 2002 to 2014. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, markers of HIV disease severity and control, admission diagnoses, severity of illness, organ failure, and DNR status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with DNR status. Results During the study period, 282 patients were admitted to the ICU for the first time. Mean (SD) age was 44 (±10) years, 169 (60%) were male, 134 (48%) aboriginal, 153 (55%) co-infected with hepatitis C virus, and 184 (65%) had a history of polysubstance use. Median (IQR) CD4 count and viral load were 125 (30–300) cells/mm3and 28,000 (110–270,000) copies/mL, respectively. Only 98 (35%) patients were receiving cART at the time of admission while 45 (16%) were newly diagnosed in the ICU. Most common admission diagnosis was sepsis 189 (64%), 213 (76%) received mechanical ventilation, 133 (47%) vasopressor support and 35 (12%) renal replacement therapy. Sixty-seven (24%) patients were DNR and support was withdrawn in 42 (15%). In multivariable analysis, APACHE II score (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08–1.19, P &lt; 0.001), coronary artery disease (CAD) (aOR 5.7; 95% CI, 1.2–27.8, P = 0.03), prior opportunistic infection (OI) (aOR 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2–5.6, P = 0.015) and duration of HIV infection (aOR 1.07 per year; 95% CI, 1.01–1.14, P = 0.025) were independently associated with DNR status. Other factors such as ethnicity, HIV risk factor(s), CD4 count and viral load were not associated with DNR status. Conclusion In this relatively young cohort, one in four patients had DNR status during ICU admission. DNR designation was associated with severity of illness, along with CAD, prior OI, and duration of HIV infection. Future work should characterize the timing of patient DNR orders relative to ICU admission and describe patient and provider-specific factors that may influence decision-making towards DNR status. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Renal Failure in HIV Patients at Initiation of ARV Treatment: Retrospective Study of 3118 Patients Followed in Infectious Diseases Department at Lom&#233; University Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Eyram Yoan Makafui Amekoudi ◽  
Kossi Akomola Sabi ◽  
Badomta Dolaama ◽  
Komlan Georges Tona ◽  
Béfa Noto-Kadou-Kaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hiv Patients
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