scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum in experimental mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Uka ◽  
Efosa Godwin Ewere ◽  
Grace Sylvester Effiong
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ear Oedema

Anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (ELESJ) was assessed in-vivo in mice by using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, egg albumin-induced paw oedema, and xylene-induced ear oedema model at doses of 474.34, 948.68, and 1423.03 mg/kgbw respectively. A total of seventy-five matured mice of both sexes weighing between 20 g and 24 g (divided into three groups of 25 mice each for the 3 different studies) were used for this study. Treatment was done intraperitoneally. Distilled water (10 mL/kgbw), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/kgbw) or dexamethasone (4 mg/kgbw) served as the normal and standard drugs respectively. The results showed that ELESJ produced significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent and time-dependent reductions in mean paw thickness in groups III-V compared with control group. Similarly, the extract caused a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and egg-albumin induced paw oedema (34.49%, 36.71%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg), comparable with the anti-inflammatory effects of the standard drug ASA (34.69%, 31.54%). The ELESJ also caused significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent decreases in xylene-induced ear oedema weight in all the test groups relative to control group and standard drug group. In addition, ELESJ showed a dose-dependent percentage inhibitory effect (44%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg) comparable with that of the standard drug, dexamethasone (48%). The results obtained from this study support the use of the leaf in folk medicine as it has significant anti-inflammatory properties and this may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the leaf.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri (Araliaceae) in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Ighodaro Igbe ◽  
Osaze Edosuyi ◽  
Agbonlahor Okhuarobo ◽  
Adarki Pongri ◽  
Nkechi Maduako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ear Oedema

Summary Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Syria. Potato tuber moth Cussonia barteri is a small tree that grows in the sub-Saharan part of Africa. Various parts of the plant are used for the treatment of a variety of ailments in ethno-medicine. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri. Material and methods: The leaves were air-dried, powdered and repeatedly extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, xylene-induced ear oedema and formalin-induced arthritis tests. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced mouse writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests. Results: All doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, however the 400 mg/kg dose gave a sustained effect. The extract significantly inhibited xylene induced ear oedema at all doses. There were no significant (p>0.05) reductions in paw swellings due to formalin. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased writhing at 400 mg/kg only. Reaction times were not significantly different from the control in the hot plate and tail flick tests. Conclusion: This study has shown that the methanol extract possesses acute anti-inflammatory and peripherally mediated analgesic effects.

Pharmacognostical Standardization, Isolation of Phytoconstituents (β-sitosterol), HPTLC analysis of extracts of Operculina turpethum (Linn.) roots and evaluation of cytotoxic, in vitro & in vivo anti-inflammatory activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Ved ◽  
Shweta Gupta ◽  
Namrata Singh ◽  
Karuna S. Shukla ◽  
Om Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso, family- convolvulaceae, is an important plant in Indian conventional system of medicine which is extensively employed by different tribes in many countries to cure edema and painful conditions like arthritis, back pain; hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, liver disorders, skin disorders and to regulate bowel functions. Objective: The roots of O. turpethum (Linn.) was subjected to physicochemical, phytochemical standardization, the chromatographic separation which was accomplished by column chromatography, TLC, and HPTLC, further, the acute toxicity, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of Operculina turpethum roots were estimated by in vivo and in vitro models. Materials and Methods: This study includes percentage yield of extraction, organoleptic evaluation along with the analysis of its physicochemical investigations & preliminary phytochemical estimation. The isolation of active phytoconstituents was done by column chromatography, and the isolated compound was then exposed to TLC and HPTLC analysis. Cytotoxic activity was tested by WST-1 based cell viability assay on HepG2 cells. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract (ME) was evaluated against inflammation occur by both in vitro and in vivo method. Results: The methanolic extract exhibited the presence of most of the phytoconstituents out of all the extracts, the phytoconstituent phytosterol, i.e., β-sitosterol was isolated by column chromatography, identified and quantified by TLC and HPTLC, which is liable for anti-inflammatory activity. The amount of β-sitosterol was estimated to be 14.09 µg in 10.00 mg fraction of MEOT. MEOT is devoid of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg in Wistar albino rats. It was analysed that in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of MEOT by egg albumin denaturation method exhibited a incredible decrement in turbidity and increasing the percentage inhibition of albumin denaturation (60.52%) in MEOT treated group as compared with control group. In egg albumin-induced edema in rats, MEOT at the dose of 400 mg/kg reduced the edema formation (3.03 ± 0.02) induced by egg albumin at 4th h. In cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats, MEOT at the dose of 400 mg/kg displayed maximum granuloma inhibition (51.06%) which is similar to that of indomethacin. Conclusion: From the obtained findings it is confirmed that O. turpethum contains β-sitosterol which is responsible for potent anti-inflammatory activity without causing cytotoxicity to the plant. The results suggested that ME of O. turpethum roots had high potential for application as an anti-inflammatory agent. The recognization and confirmation of the plant can be obtaineded from the study and will present data which is aidful in determining the quality and purity of a crude drug which further helps in preventing its adulteration.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Synthetic Derivatives of Organoantimony (?) Ferocenyl Benzoate with Piroxicam

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar ◽  
Zulfiqar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Salman Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Dose Dependent

The current study was planned to evaluate comparative anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of two newly synthesized organo-antimony (v) ferrocenyl benzoate derivatives with piroxicam. Anti-microbial activity of these compounds was also screened against two microorganisms. Analgesic effect of test compounds was evaluated by formalin-induced paw licking test in mice. The test compounds at 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w. doses exhibited significant (p<0.001) reduction of paw licking in treated mice comparable with standard drug piroxicam. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed against carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The compound A produced anti-inflammatory effects comparable with standard piroxicam in dose dependent manner whereas compound B showed better effects than piroxicam at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. To investigate anti-pyretic activity, fever was induced by administration of Brewer’s yeast in mice. Compound A showed highly significant inhibition of pyrexia (p<0.001) comparable to piroxicam after 3 hours while compound B (50 and 100 mg/kg) produced relatively lower anti-pyretic effect than standard drug. Antibacterial activity determined by disc diffusion method showed that compound B was relatively more effective than compound A against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It is conceivable that both the tested compounds possessed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-microbial effects even after the structural modification of parent compound.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 15-24, 2016

scholarly journals Biological Evaluation and Docking Analysis of Daturaolone as Potential Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Francesco Maione ◽  
Ghias Uddin ◽  
Muslim Raza ◽  
Bina S. Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study deals with the isolation of the active constituent(s) from a methanolic extract ofPistacia integerrimaJ. L. Stewart barks and it was also oriented to evaluate thein vivoandin silicoanti-inflammatory activity. By NMR and crystallography techniques, we have isolated a triterpenoid identified as daturaolone (compound1). This compound showedin vivoa significant and dose dependent (1–30 mg/kg) anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema (ED50= 10.1 mg/kg) and on acetic acid-induced writhing responses in mice (ED50= 13.8 mg/kg). In thein vivoexperiments, the effect of tested compound was also evaluated in presence of the reference drug diclofenac (1–30 mg/kg). Moreover,in silicoanalysis of receptor ligand complex shows that compound1interacts with cyclooxygenases (COXs) binding sites displaying an interesting interaction with COX-1. These findings suggest that compound1isolated fromP.integerrimapossessesin vivoanti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials, which are supportedin silicoby an interaction with COXs receptors.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities ofMerremia tridentate(L.) Hall. f.

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamalutheen ◽  
S. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
T. Syed Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Arthritis Model ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Rat Paw Oedema

The various extracts ofMerremia tridentatewere investigated for its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities in male albino rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model and the anti-arthritic activity was carried out using complete Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis model. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg bw) was used as a standard drug. The ethanol extract ofM. tridentateexhibited significant dose dependent activity in acute inflammation and the doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw produced 38.3% and 42.8% inhibition respectively after 3 h as compared with that of the standard drug which showed 48.5% inhibition. In arthritis model, the doses of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanol extract produced 49.0% and 51.7% inhibition respectively after 19 days when compared with that of the standard drug (55.5%). Both doses of the ethanol extract ofM. tridentateexhibit significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities.

scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation and protective effect of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract in paracetamol induced oxidative stress in wister rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Olubukola S. Olorunnisola ◽  
◽  
Adewale Adetutu ◽  
Abiodun O. Owoade ◽  
Babatunde T. Adesina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Isolated Liver

Aim: Acute toxicity and protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. against Paracetamol induced oxidative stress was investigated. The LD50 of the leaf extract was determined using up and down technique and the effect of 1/10th and 1/20th/ LD50 of the extract on antioxidants enzymes and non-enzymes were assessed in the serum and isolated liver of normal and Paracetamol intoxicated rats. Data obtained were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s t-test was used as the test of significance. Values were considered significant at P value < 0.05. The results obtained indicated that LD50 of Rhus longipes Engl. leaf extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg /body weight. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in the level of hepatic (H) TBARs (81.97%), Catalase (38.42%) and serum (S) TBARs (164.44%) and catalase (64.72%) respectively but, a significant (P<0.05) decrease in hepatic activities of SOD, GPX, GR, vitamin C and E in paracetamol treated groups when compared with the serum and normal control group respectively. The extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/body/weight) and the standard silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restored the derange antioxidants parameters to near normal in dose dependent manners. The activities of the extract at the highest concentration (500 mg/kg/b.wt) compared favourably with the standard drug. The results suggested that the leaf extract of Rhus longipes Engl. contain bioactive compounds which could protect against toxicity induced oxidative stress. The results of this study can be used as a basis for further investigations in the search for the bioactive principle.

scholarly journals Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Potential, and Acute Toxicity Study of Thymus leptobotrys Murb. Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Asmaa Oubihi ◽  
Hanae Hosni ◽  
Issmail Nounah ◽  
Abdessamad Ettouil ◽  
Hicham Harhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Thymus leptobotrys is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, endemic in Morocco, and used in traditional medicine. The present work aims to study the phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity, the anti-inflammatory effect, and the toxicity of two ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Thymus leptobotrys aerial part. The yield of the methanolic extraction (22.2%) is higher than that of the ethanolic extraction (15.8%) and is characterized by higher contents of polyphenols 243.08 mg/g GAE (mg/g of gallic acid), flavonoids 179.28 mg/g RE (mg/g of rutin), and tannins 39.31 mg/g CE (mg/g of catechin). The in vitro measurement of antioxidant activity with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical reduction test and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test demonstrates the higher performance of the methanolic extract. The evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect in vivo on adult Wistar female rats leads to a very significant decrease in the inflammation of the edema compared to the standard drug (indomethacin) and the control group. The toxicity test reveals that both extracts showed no toxicity within an LD50 above 2000 mg/kg body weight of the rats.

In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of two anthrones from the leaf latexes of Aloe adigratana reynolds and Aloe elegans todaro

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengsteab Tsegay ◽  
Yitagesu Tewabe ◽  
Daniel Bisrat ◽  
Kaleab Asres
Keyword(s):  
Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Aloe adigratana Reynolds and Aloe elegans Todaro are traditionally used for the treatment of various illnesses, including wounds, infections and inflammation in northern Ethiopia. Despite their morphological differences, the leaf latexes of both Aloes showed the same chemical profile when analyzed by TLC. Further phytochemical investigation of these latexes by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) afforded two anthrones, which were identified as aloin A/B and microdontin A/B on the basis of NMR and MS analysis. In the present study, in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf latexes of A. adigratana and A. elegans as well as the two isolated anthrones were evaluated using carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema model. It was noted that the latexes as well as the isolated compounds possess anti-inflammatory activities in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that microdontin A/B has a better activity than aloin A/B, in both the early and late phases of inflammation. At a tested dose of 200 mg/kg, microdontin A/B showed oedema inhibition of 35.9%, one h after carrageenan injection, while the inhibition caused by the standard drug indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was 18.6%. In conclusion, the results of the present work confirmed that A. adigratana and A. elegans have genuine anti-inflammatory activities attributed at least in part to the presence of aloin A/B and microdontin A/B in the leaves supporting their use in traditional medicine. Keywords: Aloe adigratana, Aloe elegans, anti-inflammatory, microdontin A/B, aloin A/B

scholarly journals In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of Ziziphus Jujuba Fruit Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Mesaik ◽  
Hiap Wei Poh ◽  
Ooi Yan Bin ◽  
Izzaddinn Elawad ◽  
Badr Alsayed
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BACKGROUND: Ziziphus jujuba belongs to family Rhamnaceae widely distributed in subtropical and tropical countries. It is used traditionally for several pharmacological purposes including anti-inflammation, antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial, as well as tonic and sometimes as hypnotic (sedative).AIM: To determine the in vivo antidiarrhoeal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of Z. jujuba fruit ethanolic extract.METHOD: The fruit was macerated and extracted by 95% (v/v) ethanol. The antidiarrhoeal activity was evaluated using castor oil and Escherichia coli induced diarrhoea mouse model. The antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial activity was investigated at graded doses (400-1200 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory effects were tested using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in female Wistar rats. Rat’s treatment groups received tragacanth, 100 mg/kg diclofenac sodium, 800 mg/kg, 1200 mg/kg or 1600 mg/kg of an ethanolic extract of Z. jujuba (EEZJ). All treatment groups were fed with the compounds one hour before carrageenan injection at of rat’s paw. Also, the EEZJ was further analysed by HPLC-PDA system for identification of the presence of betulinic acid and quercetin.RESULTS: EEZJ different doses did not show inhibitory activity against castor oil induced diarrhoea except for the higher (1200 mg/kg) dose. However, the frequency of defecation of stools and watery stool were reduced significantly when compared to control group (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01 respectively), resulted in overall 67% inhibition of diarrhoea. Our anti-inflammatory results demonstrated that EEZJ was able to inhibit the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats to a significant degree (p ≤ 0.05) and the paw volume and thickness of both left and right paw were affected compared to the negative control group.CONCLUSION: EEZJ possesses antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial activity in a dose depending manner and may provide a pharmacological basis for its clinical use in diarrheal diseases. The activity may partially be due to the presence of betulinic acid and quercetin.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial activity of methanol leaf extract of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
Ette Ettebong ◽  
Peace Ubulom ◽  
Aniekeme Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Different Doses

Introduction: Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) is a plant used for the treatment of various ailments including malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy of methanol leaf extract of C. aurantifolia in Swiss albino mice. Methods: The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by intraperitoneal administration of different doses of the extract (100–4000 mg/kg) to 6 groups of 3 mice each and the animals were observed for 24 hours for physical signs of toxicity. To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of the extract, three models were used: suppressive, curative and repository. Doses of the extract used were 320, 640 and 960 mg/kg/d in mice, with Chloroquine (5 mg/kg/d) as standard drug. Pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg/d) was used as the standard drug for the repository test and distilled water (10 mL/kg/d) as control in all models. Results: In all models, the low dose (320 mg/kg) of the extract produced the highest chemosuppressive effects in all models (P < 0.001). Mice treated with extract lived longer than those in the control group (P < 0.001). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides and the LD50 of 3280 mg/kg ± 0.01 shows that the extract has low toxicity. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that C. aurantifolia has antiplasmodial properties which support its use in ethnomedicine in the treatment of malaria.

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