Contribution to the biosystematic study of carpophoric basidiomycetes (higher fungi) in the Dakar region (Senegal)

In Senegal, fungi constitute a large and diverse systematic group. However, despite their numerous food and pharmacological potential, few studies have been devoted to this group, particularly carpophore fungi. This work is a contribution to the knowledge of macromycetes in Senegal. It specifically proposes to determine the structure of the fungi on the prospected sites and to propose identification tools. Inventories were made at four (4) sites: two sites in Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar (Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science and Technology and that of Faculty of Medicine), the Forest Park of Hann and the classified forest of Mbao. The identification and description of the samples were carried out based on macroscopic and ecological characteristics. This methodology allowed us to identify (15) morphotypes distributed in 2 subclasses of the Basidiomycetes class. They belong to 5 orders (Agaricales, Pluteales, Trichlomatales, Phallales, Gasterales), 7 families (Agaricaceae, Lepiotaceae, Pluteaceae, Marasmiaceae, Termitomycetaceae, Phallaceae, Sclerodermataceae) and 8 genera. Among these morphotypes, four (4) are identified down to the species level (Phallus roseus, Podaxis pistillaris, Micropsalliota cf elata and Scleroderma auriculatum) and 11 down to the genus. In this fungi group, the genus Termitomyces dominates with five (5) species, followed by the genus Volvaria with three (3) species. This work made it possible to bring out the common and differential characters between the species. It then appeared that the mode of insertion of the foot is the only characteristic common to all species. In addition, the identification of discriminating characteristics made it possible to develop a key for determining all the species inventoried.

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Molecular Correlation between Larval, Deutonymph and Adult Stages of the Water Mite Arrenurus (Micruracarus) Novus

Life ◽

10.3390/life10070108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal ◽

Ricardo García-Jiménez ◽

María Luisa Peláez ◽

Jose Luis Horreo ◽

Antonio G. Valdecasas

Keyword(s):

Culex Pipiens ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Gravid Female ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Level ◽

Life Stages ◽

Water Mite ◽

Molecular Correlation ◽

The Common ◽

Morphological Transformations

The systematics of many groups of organisms has been based on the adult stage. Morphological transformations that occur during development from the embryonic to the adult stage make it difficult (or impossible) to identify a juvenile (larval) stage in some species. Hydrachnidia (Acari, Actinotrichida, which inhabit mainly continental waters) are characterized by three main active stages—larval, deutonymph and adult—with intermediate dormant stages. Deutonymphs and adults may be identified through diagnostic morphological characters. Larvae that have not been tracked directly from a gravid female are difficult to identify to the species level. In this work, we compared the morphology of five water mite larvae and obtained the molecular sequences of that found on a pupa of the common mosquito Culex (Culex) pipiens with the sequences of 51 adults diagnosed as Arrenurus species and identified the undescribed larvae as Arrenurus (Micruracarus) novus. Further corroborating this finding, adult A. novus was found thriving in the same mosquito habitat. We established the identity of adult and deutonymph A. novus by morphology and by correlating COI and cytB sequences of the water mites at the larval, deutonymph and adult (both male and female) life stages in a particular case of ‘reverse taxonomy’. In addition, we constructed the Arrenuridae phylogeny based on mitochondrial DNA, which supports the idea that three Arrenurus subgenera are ‘natural’: Arrenurus, Megaluracarus and Micruracarus, and the somewhat arbitrary distinction of the species assigned to the subgenus Truncaturus.

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Green Design and Manufacturing Technology on Hoisting Device of the Silt Coal Car Loader

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.220 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 328-330 ◽

pp. 220-223

Author(s):

Ping Huai Mao ◽

Run Dong Chen ◽

Bing Zhai

Keyword(s):

Science And Technology ◽

Manufacturing Technology ◽

Design Concept ◽

Green Design ◽

Practical Application ◽

Working Process ◽

Manufacturing Technique ◽

Design And Manufacturing ◽

The Common ◽

Working Device

This paper analyzes the common faults of the YMZ light silt coal car loader's hoisting device in working process, and supplies several solutions; Simultaneously, it mainly introduces two types of manufacturing technique about hoisting device's parts design and improvement in practical application and appraises the effect of the green design and manufacturing technique in the working device; The article concludes that improved workpiece performance is of great practical value; As the designers are designing the products, only when they should combine the new design concept and the mode of thinking with the green design concept, and attach importance to the innovation of science and technology during the designing process as well, and finally bring into play the advantages of the technology, can they produce safe, powerfrugal, efficient and shapely green products which are popular with people at home and abroad.

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100 Reproductive cycle and pregnancy monitoring in the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) through salivary steroid analyses and transabdominal ultrasonography

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv31n1ab100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

J. Wojtusik ◽

I. M. C. Brandicourt ◽

W. Rice ◽

T. L. Roth

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Reproductive Cycle ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽

Steroid Analysis ◽

The Common

The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) is listed as vulnerable to extinction by the IUCN due to a significant decrease in population size, caused by habitat loss and poaching. Ex situ populations can help ensure against species loss, but careful reproductive management is essential to maintain sustainable populations. Hormone monitoring allows for characterisation of the reproductive cycle and gestation, offering insight into timing of receptivity and conception and facilitating pregnancy diagnosis and estimation of parturition date. Fecal steroid analysis has been validated for measuring progestogens in hippos. However, hippos are often housed in groups and frequently defecate in the water, making sample collection and source identification difficult. Salivary steroid analysis has been employed for monitoring reproductive activity in several species, but has not been tested in hippos. Additionally, transabdominal ultrasonography has proven valuable in diagnosing and monitoring pregnancy in many large mammals, but efficacy in the common hippo is unknown. The goals of this project were to (1) validate the use of an enzyme immunoassay to monitor progestogens in hippo saliva, (2) confirm that salivary progestogen profiles accurately reflect reproductive activity, (3) determine if transabdominal ultrasonography can be used to diagnose pregnancy, and, if so, (4) monitor and characterise fetal development via weekly examinations. Saliva (4-7 per week) and fecal (2-7 per week) samples were collected from 7 adult female hippos housed at 3 USA facilities over 3-7 months. Saliva and fecal samples were extracted in ethanol and extracts diluted (1:2 to 1:10 and 1:25 to 1:500, respectively) before evaluation by enzyme immunoassay (Progesterone mini-kit; Arbor Assays). Parallelism was confirmed between serially diluted fecal (r2=0.993) and saliva (r2=0.990) samples and the standard curve. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were maintained at <10%. Comparison of fecal and saliva progestogen concentrations revealed a strong correlation between the 2 sample types (r2=0.848) and suggested that saliva offers a comparable alternative. Both fecal and saliva extracts exhibited elevated progestogens during luteal phases and gestation. One nulliparous female housed at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden (Cincinnati, OH, USA) was trained for voluntary transabdominal ultrasound exams. An Ibex Pro portable ultrasound machine (E.I. Medical Imaging, Loveland, CO, USA) with curvilinear probe (5-2.5MHz) was used at a scanning depth of 17.8 and 23.4cm. Intrauterine fluid and possible fetal tissue were observed 79 days following the last confirmed mating. Spine, rib cage, and beating heart were clearly visible at ~156 days of gestation. Ultrasound procedures were continued until the premature birth of a calf at ~181 days (normal hippo gestation ~231 days). Salivary progestogen monitoring and transabdominal ultrasonography appear suitable for tracking reproductive activity and diagnosing and monitoring pregnancy in the common hippo.

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More cautionary tales: family, generic and species synonymies of recently published taxa of ghost and mud shrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea and Gebiidea)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4394 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PETER C. DWORSCHAK ◽

GARY C. B. POORE

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Species Level ◽

Junior Synonym ◽

Mediterranean Species ◽

Banc D’Arguin ◽

The Common ◽

Cautionary Tales ◽

Callianassa Subterranea ◽

Northeastern Atlantic ◽

Banc D'arguin

Re-examination of the holotype of Neoaxius nicoyaensis Sakai, 2017 showed that it is conspecific with the axiid Guyanacaris caespitosa Squires, 1979 and thus Neoaxius Sakai, 2017 and Neoaxiidae Sakai, 2017 are respectively subjective junior synonyms of Guyanacaris Sakai, 2011 and Axiidae Huxley, 1879. The types and numerous specimens of the callianassid Trypaea vilavelebita Sakai & Türkay, 2012 are juveniles of the common northeastern Atlantic-Mediterranean species, Callianassa subterranea (Montagu, 1808); the name is therefore a subjective junior synonym. The monotypic callianopsid genera Pleurocalliax Sakai, 2011, Neocallianopsis Sakai, 2011 and Phaetoncalliax Sakai, Türkay, Beuck & Freiwald, 2015 are found not to differ from Callianopsis de Saint Laurent, 1973, the only alleged differences found to be untrue or trivial. Phaetoncalliax mauritana Sakai, Türkay, Beuck & Freiwald, 2015 and Neocallianopsis africana Sakai, Türkay, Beuck & Freiwald, 2015 are thereby transferred to Callianopsis, the latter a subjective junior synonym of the former. Contrary to the assertion of its author, the gourretiid Pseudogourretia portsudanensis Sakai, 2005, the only species in its genus, has no pleurobranchs. The genus Pseudogourretia Sakai, 2005 is therefore synonymised with Gourretia de Saint Laurent, 1973. The respective holotypes of Paracalliax stenophthalmus Sakai, Türkay, Beuck & Freiwald, 2015 and Paracalliax bollorei de Saint Laurent, 1979 were re-examined. Both are from the Banc d’Arguin, off Mauritania, and are identical at the species level. The upogebiid Kuwaitupogebia nithyanandan Sakai, Türkay & Al Aidaroos, 2015 from Kuwait is identical to Upogebia balmaorum Ngoc-Ho, 1990 from the Seychelles, Madagascar and tropical Western Australia. Kuwaitupogebia Sakai, Türkay & Al Aidaroos, 2015 is therefore synonymised with Upogebia Leach, 1814 and Kuwaitupogebiidae Sakai, Türkay & Al Aidaroos, 2015 with Upogebiidae Borradaile, 1903.

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Evaluating the Taxonomic Status of the Globally Rare Carex roanensis and Allied Species Using Morphology and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms

Systematic Botany ◽

10.1600/036364408785679824 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 525-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tyler W. Smith ◽

Marcia J. Waterway

Keyword(s):

Fragment Length ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽

Species Level ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Aflp Data ◽

Length Polymorphisms ◽

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽

The Common ◽

Geographic Regions

We used a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and morphological data from 272 individuals from 59 populations to investigate the species-level taxonomy of Carex roanensis and allied species. There were two taxonomic problems in this group: identifying the appropriate taxonomic status for Carex roanensis, and clarifying the distinctions (if any) between C. virescens and C. swanii. Principal coordinate analysis of the morphological data suggested four entities corresponding to C. aestivalis, C. roanensis, C. swanii, and C. virescens, but clear discrimination was not possible. In contrast, the AFLP data showed marked discontinuities among these four species, placing even morphological intermediates into one of four groups. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant population differentiation within each species, but only C. virescens had any detectable differentiation between geographic regions. This study confirms the species-level distinction between the common and widespread taxa C. swanii and C. virescens, as well as that of the globally rare Appalachian endemic C. roanensis.

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PYRUS ZANGEZURA (ROSACEAE) AT SAINT PETERSBURG

PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING ◽

10.30901/2227-8834-2019-3-12-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 180 (3) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

K. G. Tkachenko ◽

G. A. Firsov ◽

L. F. Yandovka ◽

A. V. Volchanskaya ◽

N. E. Staroverov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative State ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Peter The Great ◽

Adverse Weather Conditions ◽

Adverse Weather ◽

Pollinating Insects ◽

The Common

Pyrus zangezura Maleev (Rosaceae) is a rare species representing the native vegetation of Armenia (Southern Transcaucasus). It was first described in 1936. P. zangezura has been cultivated at the Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia) since 1949, where it has reached the height of 8,0 m. For many years, it was in its vegetative state. The first flowering was observed in 2016 (the plant entered the reproductive state). The first progeny from seed was obtained in April 2019. Fruit size was assessed for P. zangezura plants in the dynamics of their development. The studied plants of P. zangezura in the environments of St. Petersburg have demonstrated a high fruiting potential – on average, 109 flowers per 1 m of a shoot. Observations have shown that not all ovules in the opened flowers of P. zangezura are fertilized and produce fruits and seeds. A significant part of the opened flowers, a few days after the onset of flowering, dry up and fall off. On average, 7 fruits are set on 1 m of the shoot in P. zangezura. The reasons for the low flower setting may be variable: impaired pollination processes and insufficient fertility of pollen, underdevelopment of the flower morphological structures, or lack of pollinating insects due to adverse weather conditions. An X-ray analysis of the seeds from the harvests of 2016, 2017 and 2018 showed that the number of plump and fully developed seeds (grades IV and V) in fruits has been growing year by year. As an ornamental plant, P. zangezura may adorn any botanical garden, but it is also promising for urban landscaping, for example, in St. Petersburg. Even in the vegetative state, its elongated lanceolate glossy leaves make it appreciably different from the common P. communis L., and it is especially ornamental during flowering and fruiting. It is as winter-hardy as the common pear-tree, demonstrates resistance to diseases and pests, and may be of importance for breeding programs aimed at the development of resistant cultivars for the Northwest of Russia.

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Relevansi Penerapan ‘Iddah di Era Teknologi Modern

Ijtimaiyya: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam ◽

10.24042/ijpmi.v10i1.2358 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 121-142

Author(s):

Nurnazli Nurnazli

Keyword(s):

Common Good ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Common Good ◽

Marriage Ceremony ◽

The Common ◽

The Law ◽

Higher Purpose

The development of science and technology today is not a reason to remove the provisions about ‘iddah that has been set in the Qur'an and Sunnah. 'Illat law and the purpose of enactment of ‘iddah which has been discussed needs to be reviewed. ‘iddah not only to know the empty uterus of the fetus, self-introspection, condition and period of mourning, but there is a higher purpose, that is belief in Allah and honor the noble covenant at the marriage ceremony. The noble agreement is realized in the ijâb and qabûl between men and women guardians. Consequently, if the marriage breaks up either because of death or divorce, both sides must respect the agreement. They must be equally restricted with the ‘iddah way until the time set by Syar'i, especially for women whose existence is more glorified and also the aim of the law' ‘iddah is for the common good.

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A preliminary survey of zoantharian endosymbionts shows high genetic variation over small geographic scales on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3740 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3740 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hatsuko Noda ◽

John Everett Parkinson ◽

Sung-Yin Yang ◽

James Davis Reimer

Keyword(s):

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Level ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Clade C ◽

Symbiotic Dinoflagellates ◽

The Common

Symbiotic dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) shape the responses of their host reef organisms to environmental variability and climate change. To date, the biogeography of Symbiodinium has been investigated primarily through phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 region. Although the marker can approximate species-level diversity, recent work has demonstrated that faster-evolving genes can resolve otherwise hidden species and population lineages, and that this diversity is often distributed over much finer geographical and environmental scales than previously recognized. Here, we use the noncoding region of the chloroplast psbA gene (psbAncr) to examine genetic diversity among clade C Symbiodinium associating with the common reef zoantharian Palythoa tuberculosa on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. We identify four closely related Symbiodinium psbAncr lineages including one common generalist and two potential specialists that appear to be associated with particular microhabitats. The sea surface temperature differences that distinguish these habitats are smaller than those usually investigated, suggesting that future biogeographic surveys of Symbiodinium should incorporate fine scale environmental information as well as fine scale molecular data to accurately determine species diversity and their distributions.

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Implementasi Green Business dalam Ekoturisme di Jawa Tengah (Studi pada Tiga Obyek Wisata)

JEMAP ◽

10.24167/jemap.v3i1.2604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sentot Suciarto ◽

Agatha Ferijani

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Local Community ◽

Research Result ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Economic Life ◽

Tourist Destination ◽

Forest Park ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

Natural Beauty ◽

Green Business

In the year 2025 it is hoped that ASEAN will become tourist destination offering ASEAN experience which unique, diversify, and developing sustainable, inclusive, and responsible tourism. It will become significant contributionto the economic life of ASEAN community. According to that vision, Indonesia also develops tourism which environment friendly and green business. Ecoturism as traveling activities to destination region should folow natural rules for enjoying natural beauty, including education-comprehension and support to conservation which could increase local community income. In this research selected three tourist ecotourism destination including Morosari Mangrove Forest at Demak Region, Tlogo Tuntang Tourism at Bawen Salatiga, and Forest Park Botanical Garden Mangkunegoro 1 at Lawu Mountain at Karanganyar Region. Research result showed that Mangrove Forest Demak, Tlogo Resort Tuntang and Forest Park Botanical Garden not yet becoming ecotourism and tourist business which profitable and sustainable tourism. There is local management desire to make tourism based on natural wealth or tourist destination which conserving ecology. The three tourist destinations generally need continous improvement so that becoming intereseting ecoturism and profitable. It is needed to continuously conserve flora and fauna, and environment management to attract visitors.

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Descriptive osteology of Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)

Zoosystematica Rossica ◽

10.31610/zsr/2008.17.2.111 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 111-128

Author(s):

N.G. Bogutskaya ◽

A.M. Naseka ◽

I.V. Golovanova

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Material Composition ◽

Cranial Bone ◽

Shape Structure ◽

The Common ◽

Systematic Group ◽

Cranial Osteology

The purpose of this paper is giving an extensive overview of the cranial skeleton of Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895) in a form of a formalized scheme that reflect its Bauplan (German for building plan, blueprint; plural: baupläne or bauplaene), a term in biology referring to the common new and original [homologous] properties of the members of a systematic group [taxon]). Each element of the Bauplan can be described by a set of parameters, i.e., size, shape, structure, material composition and position. Though Bauplan is undoubtedly an abstraction, it is a necessary abstraction to be used in phylogenetic analysis with preference to "ingroup" and "outgroup" comparisons.The cranial osteology of black tetra Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger, 1895) is described based on the study of larvae, juvenile and adult specimens. Provided are Latin terms and some English equivalents as well remarks on origin, homology and terminology for each cranial bone discussed.

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