Perception of the cost benefit ratio of the stone crushing activity by actors in the informal sector of the Collines Department in Benin

Artisanal stone crushing is one of the income-generating activities practiced by many populations of the Collines Department in the Republic of Benin. It is a dangerous activity in which the actors ignore the occupational risks. This research was initiated to study the working conditions of crushing operators in the Collines Department, in order to assess the associated occupational risks. The methodological approach adopted to achieve these objectives consists of documentary research, surveys and field interviews with questionnaires, interview guides and direct field observation based on an observation grid. The data were collected from 64 artisanal stone crushers aged over 15 years 12 men and 52 women, ie a sex ratio of 4.3 in favor of women. The study was carried out at 5 sites in three Communes of the Collines Department. The data were processed with SPSS 21 software. The results obtained showed that the median age of the actors is 44 years with a minimum of 18 years and a maximum of 71 years. One in two people have not set foot in school. The average seniority in crushing is 16 years. The work provides less than 10,000f per month for three people out of 5. The daily working time varies from 5 to 12 hours. The majority work 6 days a week (84.4%). The complaints made by those involved in crushing are: heartache (59.4%), low back pain and back pain (12.3%), followed by accidents (9.4%) and respiratory ailments (9.4%). For 4/5, certain times of the year would be more at risk and for 45.3%, it is the rainy season. More than 77% of people recognize that there are specific risks to children, including the risk of accidents. For prevention, the majority of women wear pants to protect their private parts. Wearing shoes is not systematic. No one wears protective equipment for their hands, eyesight, hearing, or airways.

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Low Back Pain-Complex Approach of Treatment by Different CAM Modalities (Acupuncture and Other Types of Dry Needling, “Targeted RF Noninvasive Physiotherapy” for Low Back Pain)

Conference Papers in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/326595 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hegyi Gabriella ◽

Li Jian

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Endogenous Opioids ◽

Low Back ◽

Time Duration ◽

Complex Approach ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

Rest Time ◽

Prospective Phase

For at least 2,500 years, acupuncture has been an integral part of the traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, more people are diagnosed with chronic disease, and many of them are poorly treated with conventional therapies. Those frequently prefer other forms of complementary medical treatments. Based on the theory of homeostatic equilibrium being the basis of health, acupuncture focuses on restoring the homeostasis by manipulation of the complementary and opposing elements of yin and yang. It is possible that by affecting afferent nerve signaling, acupuncture may influence the release of endogenous opioids to promote pain relief. Our objective is giving western trained physicians clinical applications together with acupuncture and modern physiotherapeutic equipment (booster) to accommodate accelerating interests in acupuncture and related techniques in modern complex treatment of chronic low back pain. In recent prospective phase I/II study, statistical data verified the relevant end points of the study: the safety, the quality of life (QoL), the rest time, duration of painless state, and cost/benefit ratio.

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Cardiovascular Imaging in Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 744

Author(s):

Sophie I. Mavrogeni ◽

Flora Bacopoulou ◽

George Markousis-Mavrogenis ◽

George Chrousos ◽

Evangelia Charmandari

Keyword(s):

Wall Motion ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Diffuse Fibrosis ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Obese Children ◽

Future Studies ◽

Rest Perfusion ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

The Cost

Obesity represents one of the most challenging public health problems of our century. It accounts for approximately 5% of deaths worldwide, mostly owing to cardiovascular disease and its associated complications. Cardiovascular noninvasive imaging may provide early accurate information about hypertrophy and ischemia/fibrosis in obese subjects. Echocardiography and nuclear cardiology have serious limitations in obese subjects owing to poor acoustic window and attenuation artifacts, respectively. Coronary computed tomography angiography can provide information about obstructive coronary disease; however, the use of radiation is a serious disadvantage. Finally, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) holds the promise of an “all in one” examination by combining evaluation of function, wall motion/thickness, stress rest/perfusion, replacement and diffuse fibrosis without radiation. Future studies are required to document the cost/benefit ratio of the CMR in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese children and adolescents.

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Home Visitation Investment

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.89.1.169 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 169-169

Author(s):

NORMAN J. SISSMAN

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Home Visits ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Home Visitation ◽

Benefit Ratio ◽

Health Care Resources ◽

Detailed Consideration ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

Women And Children ◽

The Cost

To the Editor.— Two recent reviews in Pediatrics1,2 provide much interesting information on the effect of home visits on the health of women and children. However, I was disappointed not to find in either article more than token reference to the cost of the programs reviewed. In this day of increasingly scarce health care resources, we no longer have the luxury of evaluating programs such as these without detailed consideration of their cost-benefit ratio.

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RESULTS RESEARCH OF LOWER BACK PAIN USING THE ORIGINAL LOW BACK PAIN CHARACTERIZATION QUESTIONNAIRE

UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL ◽

10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-3-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Special issue (3) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Dilrabo Jalilovna Khalimova ◽

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Lower Back Pain ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Low Back ◽

Lower Back ◽

The Republic ◽

The City

In the polyclinics of the city of Bukhara and the Bukhara region, in the polyclinics of the city of Navoi and the Navoi region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the period for 2019, they were selectively interviewed using a questionnaire developed in the Bukhara Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan to determine the characteristics of LBP (for a patient). According to a survey on this questionnaire, specific characteristics of LBP were identified in patients living in urban and rural conditions

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Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review

Radiologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 319-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

André Hadyme Miyague ◽

Fernando Marum Mauad ◽

Wellington de Paula Martins ◽

Augusto César Garcia Benedetti ◽

Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Cross Infection ◽

Ultrasound Scan ◽

Benefit Ratio ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Potential Source ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

The Cost

AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.

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Effectiveness of lumbar orthoses in low back pain: Review of the literature and our results

Orthopedic Reviews ◽

10.4081/or.2018.7791 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cordelia Schott ◽

Sonja Zirke ◽

Jillian Marie Schmelzle ◽

Christel Kaiser ◽

Lluis Aguilar I Fernández

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Cost Of Care ◽

Modular System ◽

Low Back ◽

Modular Systems ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Modular Groups ◽

The Cost

Back pain and diseases of the spine are today a health disorder of outstanding epidemiological, medical, and health economic importance. The cost of care for patients with lumbosciatic complaints are steadily increasing. Accordingly, the guidelines and treatments are constantly renewed. One concept is the orthotic care. In the following we want to give an overview of the literature and the effectiveness of lumbar orthoses in low back pain supplemented by our own data. A prospective randomized study with 230 patients, divided into three groups, each with two subgroups. Three Orthoses by the TIGGES-Zours GmbH were prescribed; a demountable two-step lumbar orthosis, three-step bridging orthosis and a four-step flexion orthosis modular system. Each were compared to the nonmodular equivalent. All six groups showed improvement in pain intensity and functional capacity at 6 and 12 weeks. The modular groups were found to have improvement in the frequency of use. The subjective effectiveness and sensitivity for the modular and non-modular groups was assessed as being good. In the literature, there are no clear guidelines for an orthotic supply. The studies do not seem to be meaningful and universal due to the difficult ascertainability of pain. There is a need for further research here. Nevertheless, the authors of this review are of the opinion that the implementation of trunk orthoses is void of side effects and beneficial to patients. The modular systems seem to have an advantage as well as higher patient satisfaction.

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Comparative economics of cashew nut kernel processing technology in Bastar region of India

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20166 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 165-172

Author(s):

Praveen Kumar Verma ◽

SK Nag ◽

SK Patil

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Working Capital ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Net Profit ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

Comparative Economics ◽

The Cost ◽

Improved Technology

The paper has studied the economic viability of improved technology (Introduced under NAIP component-3) for extraction of cashew kernel from cashew nut in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, India. Cost concept has been used to calculate economics of cashew kernel. The technology (Boiling, steaming, cutting, drying, and peeling) has been found viable over conventional practices (Traditional manual separation by stone or hammer) on account of higher recovery of 40 percent and cost reduction by 29.71 percent. Overall net profit per unit (One unit includes one boiler, one steamer, two cutter, one dryer, six peelers and cost of land, depreciation and interest on working capital) in the case of improved technology has been estimated to be Rs 7.32 lakh. Cost of production in machine extraction practices was 202.80 Rupees per kilogram of cashew in spite of traditionally practiced 288.56 Rupees per kilogram. The cost benefit ratio was found higher in machine extraction (1.57) as compare to traditionally practiced (0.169). The mechanical decortications and separation could not only save time and money, also reduced women drudgery (due to manual breaking by stone or hammer to separate kernel). The technology has been found suitable for promotion of entrepreneurship on the processing of cashew kernel from cashew nut in the production catchments which otherwise is not properly utilized. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20166 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 165-172, March 2014

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Transoperative refusion: a simple and safe method in emergency surgery

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões ◽

10.1590/0100-699120140040012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 292-296

Author(s):

Luiz Carlos Buarque Gusmão ◽

Sérgio Henrique Chagas Valoes ◽

José da Silva Leitão Neto

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit ◽

Blood Transfusions ◽

Factor V ◽

West Nile Fever ◽

Clotting Factors ◽

Blood Contamination ◽

Simple Method ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

The Cost ◽

Selection Of

The objective is to reinforce the importance of blood reinfusion as a cheap, safe and simple method, which can be used in small hospitals, especially those in which there is no blood bank. Moreover, even with the use of devices that perform the collection and filtration of blood, more recent studies show that the cost-benefit ratio is much better when autologous transfusion is compared with blood transfusions, even when there is injury to hollow viscera and blood contamination. It is known that the allogeneic blood transfusion carries a number of risks to patients, among them are the coagulation disorders mediated by excess enzymes in the conserved blood, and deficiency in clotting factors, mainly the Factor V, the proacelerin. Another factor would be the risk of contamination with still unknown pathogens or that are not investigated during screening for selection of donors, such as the West Nile Fever and Creutzfeldt-Jacob, better known as "Mad Cow" disease. Comparing both methods, we conclude that blood autotransfusion has numerous advantages over heterologous transfusion, even in large hospitals. We are not against blood transfusions, just do not agree that the patient's own blood is discarded without making sure there will be enough blood in stock to get him out of the hemorrhagic shock.

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Cost efficient internet of things based smart farm system for rural farmers: Leveraging design thinking approach

Heritage and Sustainable Development, ISSN 2712-0554 ◽

10.37868/hsd.v3i2.64 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 111-120

Author(s):

Segun Adebayo ◽

Ozichi Emuoyibofarhe ◽

Tolulope Awofolaju

Keyword(s):

Design Thinking ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Design Development ◽

Impact Performance ◽

Farm Productivity ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Farmers are faced with challenges of producing enough food and the use of traditional methods seems not to keep pace with the ever-growing demand of the populace thus creating increased concern in food scarcity. Although it has been identified that smart tools will enhance the production pace needed in the Agricultural sector, unfortunately, most of these tools are designed for farmers without their inputs, thus creating tools that are not meeting demands. This study focused on a farmer-centered design, development, and deployment approach to improving farm productivity. The design thinking approach was used to identify the specific need of the farmers in selected areas, ideas were created using brainstorming sessions involving experts in the field, and prototypes were developed and deployed to evaluate the impact performance. The result shows that the proposed system improved the cost-benefit ratio of crop farming from 2.14 to 2.26. This is a 12% productivity increase.

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