scholarly journals Evaluation of Platelet Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity in Late-Life Depressions

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
O. K. Savushkina ◽  
E. B. Tereshkina ◽  
T. A. Prokhorova ◽  
I. S. Boksha ◽  
T. P. Safarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Depressive Episode ◽  
Depressive Episodes

The aim of the study is to evaluate the activity of platelet glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in late-life depression compared to the healthy control group and to reveal possible correlations with clinical data. Patients and methods: 42 elderly patients (60–86 years old) with depressive episodes of different nosological categories according to ICD-10 were examined: a single depressive episode (F32.0, F32.1), a depressive episode in recurrent depressive disorder (RDD — F33.0, F33.1) and a depressive episode in bipolar affective disorder (BD — F31.3). The activity of GDH and the severity of depression (using the Hamilton depressive scale, HAMD-17, and the Hamilton scale for assessing anxiety, HARS) were evaluated twice: before the starting the course of antidepressant therapy (day 0) and on the 28th day of the treatment course. Results: patients showed a significant decrease in the activity of GDH compared to the control group (p < 0.0008). Before the treatment, GDH activity was significantly reduced compared to the control in both RDD and BD (p < 0.002 and p < 0.004), whereas after the treatment, the decreased GDH activity was observed only in patients with BD (p < 0.002). When compared with the control group, male patients showed a significant decrease in GDH activity both before and after the treatment course (p < 0.017 and p < 0.027), whereas women patients showed the decrease only before the treatment (p < 0.014). Conclusion: the decreased platelet GDH activity in elderly depressions may indicate an impairment of glutamate metabolism. Gender differences were revealed in the reversal of GDH activity level after the therapy: in men, the level of GDH activity did not recover to control values after the treatment course. An elevation in the level of GDH to control values over a 28-day course of therapy occurred only in patients with RDD, but not in patients with BD.

033 The effect of sleep disturbance on cognition in late-life depression

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A15-A15
Author(s):  
Andrea Ricciardiello ◽  
Sharon Naismith ◽  
Angela D’Rozario ◽  
Fiona Kumfor ◽  
Rick Wassing
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Late Life Depression

Abstract Introduction Late-life depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in older adults and is associated with cognitive deficits, however, the role of sleep disturbance in cognitive deficits is poorly defined. In the current study we aimed to examine sleep macro and micro-architecture differences between those with late-life depression and controls. Secondly, we sought to determine how sleep changes relate to clinical memory and executive function measures in those with late-life depression and controls. Methods Using prior clinical data, this retrospective study assessed adults &gt;50 years who had completed an overnight PSG study and comprehensive psychiatric, neuropsychological, and medical assessment. Memory performance was measured using the Weschler Memory Scale logical Memory 1 and 2 components, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Senior) 30-minute recall and Rey Complex Figure 3-minute recall. Executive function was defined by z scores from Trail Making Test, D-KEFS Stroop Test and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. The sample comprised of 71 depressed participants, defined by a Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥6, and 101 non-depressed participants (GDS &lt;6 and no lifetime history of depression using DSM-IV criteria). Results Contrary to our hypothesis no significant macroarchitectural differences were observed between the groups. Less time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) was associated with worse delayed memory recall scores in the depression group (z=.342, p=0.008) although this was not seen in the control group. SWS and slow wave activity (SWA) were not related to measures of executive function performance. Depressed participants demonstrated a reduced level of sleep spindles (Dep= 159 ±142.8, con= 213±163, p=.03) although there were no associations with memory outcomes. Conclusion Compared to younger adults with depression, macroarchitectural differences in those with late-life depression are not as pronounced, due to a reduction of SWS and SWA power as a function of ageing. The efficiency of SWS hippocampal dependent memory processes in depression may be reduced, therefore, more time spent in SWS is related to better memory performance. This study assessed the density of sleep spindles but not spindle and slow wave oscillation coupling which may be more important for hippocampal dependent memory. Support (if any):

A comparison of neurocognitive impairment in younger and older adults with major depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomas ◽  
P. Gallagher ◽  
L. J. Robinson ◽  
R. J. Porter ◽  
A. H. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Depression Group

BackgroundNeurocognitive impairment is a well-recognized feature of depression that has been reported in younger and older adults. Similar deficits occur with ageing and it is unclear whether the greater deficits in late-life depression are an ageing-related phenomenon or due to a difference in the nature of late-life depression itself. We hypothesized that ageing alone would not fully explain the increased neurocognitive impairment in late-life depression but that differences in the illness explain the greater decrements in memory and executive function.MethodComparison of the neuropsychological performance of younger (<60 years) and older (⩾60 years) adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy comparison subjects. Scores for each depression group were normalized against their respective age-matched control group and the primary comparisons were on four neurocognitive domains: (i) attention and executive function; (ii) verbal learning and memory; (iii) visuospatial learning and memory; and (iv) motor speed.ResultsWe recruited 75 subjects with MDD [<60 years (n=44), ⩾60 years (n=31)] and 82 psychiatrically healthy comparison subjects [<60 years (n=42), ⩾60 years (n=40)]. The late-life depression group had greater impairment in verbal learning and memory and motor speed but not in executive function. The two depressed groups did not differ in depression severity, global cognitive function, intelligence or education.ConclusionsLate-life depression is associated with more severe impairment in verbal learning and memory and motor speed than depression in earlier adult life and this is not due to ageing alone.

scholarly journals Relationship between progression of brain white matter changes and late-life depression: 3-year results from the LADIS study

2012 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Firbank ◽  
Andrew Teodorczuk ◽  
Wiesje M. Van Der Flier ◽  
Alida A. Gouw ◽  
Anders Wallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundBrain white matter changes (WMC) and depressive symptoms are linked, but the directionality of this association remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the relationship between baseline and incident depression and progression of white matter changes.MethodIn a longitudinal multicentre pan-European study (Leukoaraiosis and Disability in the elderly, LADIS), participants aged over 64 underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical assessments. Repeat scans were obtained at 3 years. Depressive outcomes were assessed in terms of depressive episodes and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Progression of WMC was measured using the modified Rotterdam Progression scale.ResultsProgression of WMC was significantly associated with incident depression during year 3 of the study (P = 0.002) and remained significant after controlling for transition to disability, baseline WMC and baseline history of depression. There was no significant association between progression of WMC and GDS score, and no significant relationship between progression of WMC and history of depression at baseline.ConclusionsOur results support the vascular depression hypothesis and implicate WMC as causal in the pathogenesis of late-life depression.

scholarly journals Use of Passive Sensing in Psychotherapy Studies in Late Life: A Pilot Example, Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihui Lee ◽  
Nili Solomonov ◽  
Samprit Banerjee ◽  
George S. Alexopoulos ◽  
Jo Anne Sirey
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Over Time

Late-life depression is heterogenous and patients vary in disease course over time. Most psychotherapy studies measure activity levels and symptoms solely using self-report scales, administered periodically. These scales may not capture granular changes during treatment. We introduce the potential utility of passive sensing data collected with smartphone to assess fluctuations in daily functioning in real time during psychotherapy for late life depression in elder abuse victims. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of passive sensing among depressed elder abuse victims. We present data from three victims who received a 9-week intervention as part of a pilot randomized controlled trial and showed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms (50% reduction). Using a smartphone, we tracked participants' daily number of smartphone unlocks, time spent at home, time spent in conversation, and step count over treatment. Independent assessment of depressive symptoms and behavioral activation were collected at intake, Weeks 6 and 9. Data revealed patient-level fluctuations in activity level over treatment, corresponding with self-reported behavioral activation. We demonstrate how passive sensing data could expand our understanding of heterogenous presentations of late-life depression among elder abuse. We illustrate how trajectories of change in activity levels as measured with passive sensing and subjective measures can be tracked concurrently over time. We outline challenges and potential solutions for application of passive sensing data collection in future studies with larger samples using novel advanced statistical modeling, such as artificial intelligence algorithms.

Methods and approaches to examining the interface of late-life depression and dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Mirjam I Geerlings
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Prodromal Symptom ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Late-life depression increases the risk of dementia. The exact nature of this relationship is not clear, however. Late-life depression may be a causal factor in the development of dementia, but is may also be a preclinical or prodromal symptom of dementia. This chapter reviews the approaches used to examine the interface between depression and dementia, and reviews existing evidence for the two main hypotheses to explain this relationship: the neurotoxicity hypothesis stating that dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis resulting from repeated depressive episodes has neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus, and the vascular hypothesis stating that depression precedes dementia through small vessel ischaemic changes in mood-regulating brain areas. It then discusses a number of methodological issues and limitations of existing studies relating to study design, and definition and measurement of late-life depression, and proposes future directions for research.

Effect of Aquatic Exercise on Sleep Efficiency of Adults With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Billy C.L. So ◽  
Sze C. Kwok ◽  
Paul H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Aquatic Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

Background: Aerobic exercise improves sleep for people who have difficulty in sleeping soundly, but most research to date has focused on land-based exercise. There has been only very limited research into the effect of aquatic exercise on people with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a 6-week aquatic exercise program on sleep efficiency among adults with chronic MSK pain. Methods: A total of 30 adults with chronic MSK pain were recruited by convenience sampling and assigned into intervention and control groups by a trained research assistant. Their sleep efficiency, sleep quality, activity level, stress level, and pain level were measured with ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer before and after the intervention group completed a 6-week, biweekly program of aquatic exercise. Results: Following intervention, the intervention group had significantly longer total true sleep time (by 27.6 min, P = .006); greater sleep efficiency (+3.01%, P = .005); and less pain (−1.33/10, P = .026). The control group had significantly shorter total true sleep time by 5.8 minutes (P = .036) while changes in the other outcomes were not significant. Conclusions: Six weeks of moderate-intensity aquatic exercise may improve sleep efficiency and reduce pain for persons suffering chronic MSK pain.

Postpartum Mania

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Kadrmas ◽  
George Winokur ◽  
Raymond Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Theoretical Significance ◽  
Unselected Group

SummaryTwenty-one patients with bipolar affective disorder (20 manic episodes, one depressive episode) during the postpartum period were evaluated. They were compared to an unselected group of women with bipolar histories, as well as to a matched control group. The postpartum group had significantly more Schneiderian symptoms and fewer recurrences of illness within the three-year period after the index admission. There was a notable trend toward postpartum patients having fewer affectively ill relatives than the controls. The practical significance of these findings with regards to lithium therapy is discussed, as is the theoretical significance in terms of heterogeneity of the bipolar syndrome.

Heterogeneity of late-life depression: relationship with cognitive functioning

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C. M. Korten ◽  
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx ◽  
Rob M. Kok ◽  
Max L. Stek ◽  
Richard C. Oude Voshaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Cognitive Domains

ABSTRACTBackground:Late-life depression is a heterogeneous disorder, whereby cognitive impairments are often observed. This study examines which clinical characteristics and symptom dimensions of late-life depression are especially impacting on specific cognitive domains.Methods:Cross-sectional data of 378 depressed and 132 non-depressed older adults between 60–93 years, from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older adults (NESDO) were used. Depressed older adults were recruited from both inpatient and outpatient mental healthcare institutes and general practices, and diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Multivariable associations were examined with depression characteristics (severity, onset, comorbidity, psychotropic medication) and symptom dimensions as independent variables and cognitive domains (episodic memory, processing speed, interference control, working memory) as dependent variables.Results:Late-life depression was associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Within depressed participants, higher severity of psychopathology and having a first depressive episode was associated with poorer cognitive functioning. The use of tricyclic antidepressants, serotonergic and noradrenergic working antidepressants, and benzodiazepines was associated with worse cognitive functioning. Higher scores on the mood dimension were associated with poorer working memory and processing speed, whereas higher scores on a motivational and apathy dimension were associated with poorer episodic memory and processing speed.Conclusions:Heterogeneity in late-life depression may lead to differences in cognitive functioning. Higher severity and having a first depressive episode was associated with worse cognitive performance. Additionally, different domains of cognitive functioning were associated with specific symptom dimensions. Our findings on the use of psychotropic medication suggest that close monitoring on cognitive side effects is needed.

scholarly journals Late-life depression in Peru, Mexico and Venezuela: the 10/66 population-based study

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Guerra ◽  
Cleusa P. Ferri ◽  
Ana Luisa Sosa ◽  
Aquiles Salas ◽  
Ciro Gaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThe proportion of the global population aged 60 and over is increasing, more so in Latin America than any other region. Depression is common among elderly people and an important cause of disability worldwide.AimsTo estimate the prevalence and correlates of late-life depression, associated disability and access to treatment in five locations in Latin America.MethodA one-phase cross-sectional survey of 5886 people aged 65 and over from urban and rural locations in Peru and Mexico and an urban site in Venezuela. Depression was identified according to DSM–IV and ICD–10 criteria, Geriatric Mental State–Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS–AGECAT) algorithm and EURO–D cut-off point. Poisson regression was used to estimate the independent associations of sociodemographic characteristics, economic circumstances and health status with ICD–10 depression.ResultsFor DSM–IV major depression overall prevalence varied between 1.3% and 2.8% by site, for ICD–10 depressive episode between 4.5% and 5.1%, for GMS–AGECAT depression between 30.0% and 35.9% and for EURO–D depression between 26.1% and 31.2%; therefore, there was a considerable prevalence of clinically significant depression beyond that identified by ICD–10 and DSM–IV diagnostic criteria. Most older people with depression had never received treatment. Limiting physical impairments and a past history of depression were the two most consistent correlates of the ICD–10 depressive episode.ConclusionsThe treatment gap poses a significant challenge for Latin American health systems, with their relatively weak primary care services and reliance on private specialists; local treatment trials could establish the cost-effectiveness of mental health investment in the government sector.

scholarly journals Severity of depressive episodes during the course of depressive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Vedel Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Single Depressive Episode ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Depressive Episodes

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the severity of depressive episodes changes during the course of depressive disorder.AimsTo investigate whether the severity of depressive episodes increases during the course of illness.MethodUsing a Danish nationwide case register, all psychiatric inpatients and out-patients with a main ICD-10 diagnosis of a single mild, moderate or severe depressive episode at the end of first contact were identified. Patients included in the study were from the period 1994–2003.ResultsA total of 19 392 patients received a diagnosis of a single depressive episode at first contact. The prevalence of severe depressive episodes increased from 25.5% at the first episode to 50.0% at the 15th episode and the prevalence of psychotic episodes increased from 8.7% at the first episode to 25.0% at the 15th episode. The same pattern was found regardless of gender, age at first contact and calendar year.ConclusionsThe increasing severity of depressive episodes emphasises the importance of early and sustained prophylactic treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document