TOWARD THREE-DIMENSIONAL RESERVOIR MAPPING – A NEW APPROACH FOR MAPPING RESERVOIRS WITH ADVANCED ULTRA-DEEP AZIMUTHAL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Wang ◽  
◽  
Michael Thiel ◽  
Jean-Michel Denichou ◽  
Diogo Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Inversion Algorithm ◽  
Computing Paradigm

Recently the drilling industry has seen many advances in the application of deep directional electromagnetic (EM) measurements for mapping deeper into the reservoir, with the latest one capable of seeing over 250 ft above and below the wellbore providing unprecedented understanding of the reservoir. This measurement technology is now being used to look ahead of bit while drilling, for exploration wells to reduce drilling risks associated with unexpectedly penetrating certain formation. With the increasing complexity of the reservoirs that the industry is targeting, there is more and more quest for expanding the reservoir mapping capability, not just a 1D approach that can only map resistive boundaries on the vertical axis or near vertical axis and assume infinite extend in all other directions, but to enable geoscientists to better steer the well and better understand the reservoir structure and fluid contact in a full three-dimensional context around the wellbore. In this communication, the authors introduce a new solution to this quest for full three-dimensional real-time reservoir mapping. The solution is composed of three parts: a set of new measurements acquired downhole and transmitted to surface in real-time, a new inversion algorithm that is model independent and therefore fit for any reservoir complexity, and a new computing paradigm that make it possible to provide answers in real-time while drilling. The new set of measurements almost doubles the number of well logs that were acquired before and greatly enriches formations evaluation around the wellbore. The new algorithm, different from all previous algorithms, is not confined to any specific forms of models, making it suitable for exploring and finding solutions in complex reservoir settings. Finally, taking advantage of the latest advances in the Cloud computing, turnaround time of the new inversion is improved by over hundred times, thanks to the scalability of the algorithm design and Cloud computing infrastructure. Combining all these together allows to achieve three-dimensional reservoir map, without having to tradeoff between high resolution and depth of investigation. The 3D reservoir map that is generated from multiple transverse 2D inversion slices in real-time, enables timely update of reservoir model as drilling progress for the operator to make informed decisions. This new technology is currently deployed in several locations around the world and in different environments. In this paper, the authors review deployment results, to illustrate the technology, from preparation to real-time execution, and finally to post-job model update. With the ability of mapping in all directions while drilling, this technology opens the door to many applications and will enable the operators to target more complex reservoirs and achieving better geosteering results where 3D mapping and steering are required. In addition to its benefits for real-time operations, the technology also enables the geoscientists to update and calibrate their reservoir models with fine and accurate details, which can further benefit multiple disciplines including drilling, completion, production and reservoir management.

scholarly journals Fog Computing Framework for Smart City Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mais Haj Qasem ◽  
Alaa Abu-Srhan ◽  
Hutaf Natoureah ◽  
Esra Alzaghoul
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Network Usage ◽  
The Cost

Fog-computing is a new network architecture and computing paradigm that uses user or near-users devices (network edge) to carry out some processing tasks. Accordingly, it extends the cloud computing with more flexibility the one found in the ubiquitous networks. A smart city based on the concept of fog-computing with flexible hierarchy is proposed in this paper. The aim of the proposed design is to overcome the limitations of the previous approaches, which depends on using various network architectures, such as cloud-computing, autonomic network architecture and ubiquitous network architecture. Accordingly, the proposed approach achieves a reduction of the latency of data processing and transmission with enabled real-time applications, distribute the processing tasks over edge devices in order to reduce the cost of data processing and allow collaborative data exchange among the applications of the smart city. The design is made up of five major layers, which can be increased or merged according to the amount of data processing and transmission in each application. The involved layers are connection layer, real-time processing layer, neighborhood linking layer, main-processing layer, data server layer. A case study of a novel smart public car parking, traveling and direction advisor is implemented using IFogSim and the results showed that reduce the delay of real-time application significantly, reduce the cost and network usage compared to the cloud-computing paradigm. Moreover, the proposed approach, although, it increases the scalability and reliability of the users’ access, it does not sacrifice much time, nor cost and network usage compared to fixed fog-computing design.

An Autonomic SLA Monitoring Framework Managed by Trusted Third Party in the Cloud Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Maarouf ◽  
Youssef Mifrah ◽  
Abderrahim Marzouk ◽  
Abdelkrim Haqiq
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Autonomic Computing ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Trusted Third Party ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Monitoring Framework ◽  
Monitoring Module ◽  
And Control

This article describes how currently, service level agreements (SLAs) assurance forms one of the major challenges for cloud computing (CC) in order to guarantee quality of service (QoS) in real-time and control SLA violations. However, due to the highly dynamic nature of this open environment, it is important to have a binding agreement between all the service parties for ensuring trust while fulfilling the expected QoS. To properly operate and manage such complex situations, an effective and efficient monitoring is crucial. The participation of a trusted third party (TTP) is necessary in order to resolve conflicts between involved parties. This article proposes an autonomic SLA monitoring framework managed by TTP composed of two modules: the first one SLA establishment module, which aims at providing support for automated SLA generation and management. The second one, a service monitoring module to dynamically monitor QoS metrics by detecting SLA violations at runtime to verify compliances for the respective SLAs, and to propose a mechanism for an adaptive remedy rectification, as a contribution at the third maturity level of the autonomic computing paradigm as defined by IBM. The framework is validated with scenarios on response time and availability, the results obtained are promising. They confirm that this framework manages SLAs in an efficient way as it detects all violations to be communicated to concerned parties, and identifies particular penalty clauses that can be used to modify the reputation of a provider over time. The TTP framework equipped with such reputation module can provide real-time assessment for consumers informed decision making to continue using a service or to migrate to another service provider in the case of service degradation. This creates a fair competitiveness between providers and hence improves service performance and the reliability in the cloud.

Software Development Methodologies for Cloud Computing

2013 ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Izzat Alsmadi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Software Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Computer Services ◽  
Software Development Methodologies

Cloud computing is recently taking a significant focus in the information technology fields as a possible future trend for how computer services and applications can be provided to users or businesses. Cloud computing is utilizing the recent large expansion of Internet and network technologies where the increase in the data size and transfer speed made it possible to make the Internet or the cloud a possible host for all or most users’ applications and data. With this new technology, several changes are expected to occur in the information technology fields and systems to adapt to this field or technology. In this chapter, the author focuses on the possible impact on the way software companies will develop their software products. For example, the traditional client server system architecture is expected to be significantly impacted with cloud computing new framework. All software development concepts and activities will be revisited to discuss what things can be different in the cloud computing paradigm.

High Performance Computing on the Cloud Successfully Deployed for 3D Geosteering and Reservoir Mapping While Drilling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Salim ◽  
Michael Thiel ◽  
Beate Nesttun Øyen ◽  
Kong Bakti Tan ◽  
Jean-Michel Denichou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Deep Depth

Abstract The successful drilling of horizontal wells targeting reservoir zones of interest can be challenged by uncertainties in geological interpretation, identification of structure, and properties of reservoirs and fluid distribution. Optimizing the well placement of high-angle wells in order to intercept the sweet spots is crucial for the total hydrocarbon recovery in any development field. Thus, the geosteering domain was implemented to provide in real time a reservoir mapping characterization together with directional control to achieve the key performance objectives. In the past, many innovative technologies have been introduced in geosteering discipline, among them lately the deep EM directional resistivity tool that provides 1D formation resistivity mapping while drilling. However, despite the fact of delivering a multilayer mapping of the reservoir structure up to tens of meters away from wellbore, the real-time interpretation can be limited by this type of inversion. Since it is a 1D approach, these inversions map resistive boundaries on the vertical axis and assume infinite extend in all other directions. Consequently, in a complex geological setting, 1D approximation may fall short of properly describing the reservoir structure. This communication describes how the introduction of the 2D azimuthal resistivity inversions while drilling was conducted and details the various innovations required in the domains of downhole logging while drilling (LWD) measurements transmission in addition to adaptation of inversion methodology for real-time deployment, mainly through the use of high-performance cloud computing. The final enablement was the execution of automated workflows to process and deliver these advanced inversions into an integrated 3D geomodelling software within the turnaround time of drilling operations. This novel technology provides, while drilling, a better understanding of the 3D geological environment and fluid distribution with a deep depth of investigation, as well as the required information to make support for geosteering decisions for optimal well positioning. Initial field deployments were successfully conducted in horizontal wells, and three examples are presented here. Those real cases, executed with wire-drilled-pipe or mud-pulse telemetries, demonstrated the benefits of integrating 2D azimuthal inversions into the current geosteering workflow to provide a complete 3D structural understanding of the reservoir while drilling. This communication documents in detail how such an approach led to operational efficiency improvements in the form of 3D reservoir mapping in real-time, supporting a strategic change in the original well to turn toward the sweet spot, which was located sideways from the planned trajectory.

scholarly journals Real-Time 3-Dimensional Ultrasound-Assisted Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Catheter Placement: Implications of a New Technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Clendenen ◽  
Christopher B. Robards ◽  
Nathan J. Clendenen ◽  
James E. Freidenstein ◽  
Roy A. Greengrass
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Catheter Placement ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Catheter ◽  
The Us ◽  
3D Ultrasonography

Background. There are a variety of techniques for targeting placement of an infraclavicular blockade; these include eliciting paresthesias, nerve stimulation, and 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) guidance. Current 2D US allows direct visualization of a “flat” image of the advancing needle and neurovascular structures but without the ability to extensively analyze multidimensional data and allow for real-time manipulation. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography has gained popularity and usefulness in many clinical specialties such as obstetrics and cardiology. We describe some of the potential clinical applications of 3D US in regional anesthesia.Methods. This case represents an infraclavicular catheter placement facilitated by 3D US, which demonstrates 360-degree spatial relationships of the entire anatomic region.Results. The block needle, peripheral nerve catheter, and local anesthetic diffusion were observed in multiple planes of view without manipulation of the US probe.Conclusion. Advantages of 3D US may include the ability to confirm correct needle and catheter placement prior to the injection of local anesthetic. The spread of local anesthetic along the length of the nerve can be easily observed while manipulating the 3D images in real-time by simply rotating the trackball on the US machine to provide additional information that cannot be identified with 2D US alone.

Cloud Computing Technologies for Connected Digital Government

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Zaigham Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Connected digital government vision is about putting a government in the hands of its citizens. It suggests the use of digital connectivity technologies for the development of electronic services, collaboration with governmental institutions, and interacting with citizens for their full involvement in governments' processes and operations to make them transparent and more effective. Some of the latest technologies that can help to enhance connected governance include cloud distributed computing paradigm, internet of things vision, mobile technologies, social media, and Web 2.0-based communication tools. Although all these are well developed, the focus of this chapter is on cloud computing. In this chapter, the author first introduces the cloud computing paradigm, and then, outlining the characteristics and requirements of an open connected government, the chapter discusses how cloud-based provision and related technologies can support governments to enhance their functioning, transparency, openness, and interaction, in real time, with the citizens.

Fog Computing

Fog Computing ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintan M. Bhatt ◽  
C. K. Bhensdadia
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Edge Network ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things could be a recent computing paradigm, defined by networks of extremely connected things – sensors, actuators and good objects – communication across networks of homes, buildings, vehicles, and even individuals whereas cloud computing could be ready to keep up with current processing and machine demands. Fog computing provides architectural resolution to deal with some of these issues by providing a layer of intermediate nodes what's referred to as an edge network [26]. These edge nodes provide interoperability, real-time interaction, and if necessary, computational to the Cloud. This paper tries to analyse different fog computing functionalities, tools and technologies and research issues.

Trust Evaluation Factors in Cloud Computing with Open Stack

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5073-5077
Author(s):  
Shakti Arora ◽  
Surjeet Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Trust Evaluation ◽  
Trust Value ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Trust Calculation

Cloud computing can be used with three deploying models SAAS, IAAS, and PAAS. IAAS is the most adopted model used for research and innovations. On daily basis Tera bytes of data are being uploaded on the cloud. The Public cloud, Private cloud and hybrid clouds services are used by the people for hosting their applications and computations. One of the major obstacle used in selection of cloud service providers is the lack of trust on CSPs. CSPs are providing different levels of security according to the requirements of users. Proposed paper demonstrates the Trust evaluation, Trust calculation models, based on different security parameters like Turnaround time, Integrity, and reliability of data on cloud. How to select a cloud provider’s service, based on the derived parameters determines the trust value of service provider. A new dynamic trust calculation approach is proposed in this paper. Integrity, Turnaround time (TE) and reliability parameters are considered for trust evaluation. Comparative analysis of different cloud providers with real time calculations of different cloud machines are done and made a comparative analysis of the parameter, approximately 63% efficiency level is achieved while compiling the trust factor with standard cloud nodes. Open stack cloud software is used to create a cloud environment of the local machine which helps in compilation of the data at real time. Fog computing is used to calculate the results.

New Technology of Surveying and Mapping in the Application of Deformation Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1492-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Feng ◽  
Tian Zhu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
High Density ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Engineering Measurement

Deformation monitoring is one of the engineering measurement tasks. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology as a new technology has developed in recent years. With its high accuracy, high density, real-time and initiative, it wins great favor of people in the industry. Its unique technical advantages and characteristics make it widely used in many fields. The article summarizes the application of deformation monitoring methods and discusses the characteristics of ground 3D laser scanner, its working principles, its application in the field of deformation monitoring and some problems that should be considered.

scholarly journals Integration of Fog and IoT with Multiensor Data Gathering

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11785-11787
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
City System ◽  
Computing Framework ◽  
The City

In the already existing system number of internet connected devices rapidly increase, this increased demand real-time, for the standard cloud computing framework, low latency services proving to be always a challenge. While In the proposed System, fog computing paradigm serves the demands of the latency sensitive applications in the context of IOT. The IOT is rely on cloud computing by passing information about sensor. This is a decentralized process to gather the information from each and every region of the city. System will check the energy and location of every server. Because whenever server uploads the sensor details it can degrade their energy on every time. So we have to migrate the data by allocating another server which contains the energy to send

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