scholarly journals Hospital Criminal Liability for Patient's Damages due to Health Service Errors during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Diana Yusyanti

During the Covid-19 pandemic, many mass media reported various cases of health service errors at hospitals that resulted in material losses, there were even cases of patients dying. The criminal aspect is explicitly stated in the provisions of Article 190 of Law No. 36 Year 2009 and Article 62 and Article 63 of Law No. 44 Year 2009 and Article 46 of Law Number 44 Year 2009 concerning Hospitals where it is stated that hospitals are legally responsible for all losses due to negligence or health service errors. This research used descriptive normative research through a statutory approach, carried out by reviewing all laws related to legal issues that are being handled. In addition, criminal sanctions in Law Number 36 Year 2009 are formulated cumulatively, such as in the case of criminal acts as referred to in Article 190 paragraph (1), Article 191, Article 192, Article 196, Article 197,Article 198, Article 199, and Article 200, accumulated so that the general provisions inArticle 30 of the Criminal Code are ineffective, that the maximum sanction if not paid the perpetrators are only subject to a substitute imprisonment of 6 months or 8 months.

Ius Poenale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Andiniya Komalla Parawita

The resolution process of law enforcement related to press offences differs in Indonesia. The disparity in resolving legal issues arising from press violations in Indonesia is due, in part, to differing interpretations of press regulations. Some actions were taken under Law No. 40 of 1999 Concerning the Press (Press Law). Some issues were resolved through the Criminal Code or the Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). This study is interested in looking into law enforcement against the abuse of mass media through online media in terms of press law and the Criminal Code and the barriers to its enforcement. The method used in this research is a normative juridical and empirical juridical approach. Subsequently, data analysis uses qualitative analysis methods. The paper concludes by arguing that enforcing press law against abuse of mass media through online media is accomplished by enforcing Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Press Law. However, Article 5 paragraph (1) of the Press Law does not regulate or formulate the delusions of defamation and insults as regulated in Article 310 of the Criminal Code. The absence of norms and conditions for when and in what cases the press can and cannot be brought to court for violating criminal law and sentenced to criminal sanctions is a barrier in law enforcement on the misuse of mass media through online media associated with press laws.


Author(s):  
Indra Efendi

ABSTRAKPerkembangan teknologi di bidang informasi yang semakin modern sering menyebabkan terjadinya tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik yang dilakukan oleh beberapa orang atau oknum yang tidak bertanggungjawab.Perumusan Masalah Bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana pers melalui media online dikaitkan Pasal 310 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.Bagaimana konsep usulan perbaikan dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana pers melalui media online dikaitkan Pasal 310 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana berdasarkan hukum progresif.Tujuan Penelitian Untuk mengetahui Untuk mengetahui pertanggungjawaban pidana pers melalui media online dikaitkan Pasal 310 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Untuk mengetahui konsep usulan perbaikan dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana pers melalui media online dikaitkan Pasal 310 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana berdasarkan hukum progresif. Jenis penelitian hukumnya adalah secara normatif . Kesimpulan Pertanggungjawaban pidana pers melalui media online dikaitkan Pasal 310 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana sudah berjalan sesuai dengan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana namun karena adanya Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers maka Sehubungan dengan kebebasan Pers atau media massa dan ancaman yang masih dirasakan adalah pemberlakuan pasal Fitnah atau pencemaran nama baik dengan lisan atau tulisan pada KUHP. Aturan ini dinilai banyak menghambat kebebasan berekspresi menyampaikan pendapat di masyarakat dan dianggap UU No. 40 Thn 1999 tentan Pers tidak berlaku. Konsep usulan perbaikan dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana pers melalui media online dikaitkan Pasal 310 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana berdasarkan hukum progresif terutama sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku pencemaran nama baik dalam dunia maya (cyber) , yang dimana penerapan hukum ini di tinjau dari KUHP dan UU ITE. Penerapan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik ini menggunakan asas Lex spesialis derogat legi generali yaitu dimana pengaturan pencemaran nama baik di dunia maya yang diatur dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3) dan Pasal 45 UU ITE merupakan “Lex spesialis” dari Pasal 310 KUHP yang merupakan “Lex generali” dimana hubungan aturan ini menjadikan sinergi hukum atas kasus pencemaran nama baik. Sarannya antara lain harus ada pemisahan yang tegas terkait mana yang masuk kategori delik pers dan mana yang bukan delik pers; dan Harus dipertegas keberadaan (materiil sphere) dari UU tersebut apakah sebagai UU Tindak Pidana Umum atau Tindak Pidana Khusus, karena penanganannya akan berbeda; Perlu dipertegas apakah delik pers itu adalah delik aduan atau delik umum (laporan delik) karena masa penuntutannya akan berbeda dan apakah dapat ditarik atau tidak, dan pertanggungjawaban pidananya harus dipertegas apakah dilimpahkan kepada pimpinan redaksi, perorangan (wartawan) atau korporasinya; Faktor yang harus diperhatikan dalam pemberitaan adalah pers atau media massa harus bebas dari tekanan kelompok baik internal maupun eksternal, dan suatu berita ditulis dengan cermat, akurat, serta penulisan berita harus lengkap dan utuh, sehingga pihak lain tahu informasi dengan benar dan kesalahan serta ketidak akuratan wajib segera dikoreksi.Kata kunci: pertanggungjawaban pidana pers; media on line; Pasal 310 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana ABSTRACTThe development of technology in the increasingly modern information field often leads to criminal defamation carried out by several people or irresponsible persons. Formulation of Problems How criminal liability of the press through online media is linked to Article 310 of the Criminal Law Act. How is the proposed improvement concept in criminal liability of the press through online media linked Article 310 of the Criminal Law Act based on progressive law.Research Objectives To find out To find out the criminal liability of the press through online media is linked Article 310 of the Criminal Law Code To find out the concept of the proposed improvement in criminal liability of the press through online media linked Article 310 of the Criminal Law Book based on progressive law. This type of legal research is normative.Conclusion Criminal liability of the press through online media is associated with Article 310 of the Criminal Law Act that has been running in accordance with the Criminal Law Act, but due to the Law Number 40 of 1999 concerning the Press, In connection with freedom of the Press or the mass media and threats that are still felt was the application of the article Defamation or defamation of good name by oral or written on the Criminal Code. This rule is considered to hamper many freedom of expression to express opinions in the community and is considered Law No. 40 of 1999 about the Press does not apply. The proposed concept of improvement in criminal liability of the press through online media is linked to Article 310 of the Criminal Law Act based on progressive law, especially criminal sanctions against perpetrators of cyber defamation, in which the application of this law is reviewed from the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. The application of the law against criminal defamation uses the principle of Lex specialist derogat legi generali, whereby the regulation of defamation in cyberspace regulated in Article 27 paragraph (3) and Article 45 of the ITE Law constitutes the "Lex specialist" of Article 310 of the Criminal Code which is a "Lex generali" where the relationship of this rule makes legal synergy over defamation cases.The suggestions are that there must be a strict separation related to what is included in press offenses and which are not press offenses; and The existence of the material (sphere) must be confirmed whether the Act is a General Criminal Act or a Special Criminal Act, because the handling will be different; It needs to be emphasized whether the press offenses are complaints or general offenses (offense reports) because the prosecution period will be different and whether it can be withdrawn or not, and criminal liability must be confirmed whether it is delegated to the editor in chief, an individual (journalist) or the corporation; The factor that must be considered in reporting is that the press or mass media must be free from internal and external group pressure, and that a news is written carefully, accurately, and news writing must be complete and complete, so that other parties know the information correctly and errors and inaccuracies must be corrected immediately.Keywords: criminal liability pressl; online media; Article 310 Of The Criminal Law Code


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Fedorov ◽  

The article is dedicated to the review of the laws of the Republic of Macedonia (the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) on criminal liability of legal entities established in 2004 by introduction of amendments and supplements to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia. The article analyzes legal resolutions allowing consideration of a legal entity as a criminal liability subject; gives a scope of legal entities which can be brought to criminal liability; focuses on the fact that legal entities in the Republic of Macedonia may not be brought to criminal liability for any acts acknowledged as punishable by the national criminal laws, rather for the acts which are specifically addressed in the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Macedonia or other criminal laws. The author reviews such types of criminal sanctions applicable to legal entities as a fine, legal entity liquidation, forfeiture and sentence publication; notes the circumstances taken into account at punishment imposition and conditions for release from punishment as well as criminal and procedural peculiarities of bringing legal entities to liability including indication of broad discretionary powers of a prosecutor in solution of issues on bringing legal entities to criminal liability.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Fedorov ◽  

The article is dedicated to review of the laws of the Republic of Slovenia on the criminal liability of legal entities; the main acts are the Special Law on the Liability of Legal Entities for Criminal Offenses of 1999 and the Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovenia. The article reviews statutory resolutions making it possible to review a legal entity as a criminal liability subject; gives a number of persons, which can be brought to criminal liability; focuses on the fact that legal entities can be brought to criminal liability in the Republic of Slovenia for a limited number of acts (crimes) defined by the law; considers criminal sanctions applicable to legal entities: fi ne, forfeiture of property, legal entity liquidation, prohibition to place securities held by a legal entity; reviews the possibility of imposition of a conditional sentence on a legal entity and the security measures applicable to legal entities, including: sentence publication and prohibition to engage in specific commercial activities.


Author(s):  
D.V. Kamenskyi

The article critically reviews the models of criminal sanctions introduced in Ukraine and the United States for economic criminal offenses. It is emphasized that the meaning of the concept of punishment is inextricably linked to the fundamental category of criminal liability, which means the restrictions provided by criminal law for the exercise of the rights and freedoms of a person for committing a criminal offense. It has been noted that most American courts do not practice “linear” philosophy in terms of sentencing, but on the contrary, take the whole set of unique facts and circumstances with legal significance into account in each criminal case. It has been established that this approach partially resembles the content of paragraph 3, part 1 of Art. 65 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine: the court imposes punishment, taking into account severity of the crime, identity of the perpetrator as well as mitigating and aggravating circumstances. It has been also established that in comparison with the American domestic practice of sentencing in general and for economic crimes in particular seems unreasonably humane, such that it is not able to fully implement the purpose of punishment, declared in Art. 50 of the Criminal Code, and therefore, such as objectively unable to restrain the manifestations of illegal behavior in the economic sphere. The large- scale humanization of criminal liability for economic encroachments carried out by the Ukrainian legislator at the end of 2011, combined with the decriminalization of certain acts and the replacement of imprisonment with fines in sanctions of other norms, has intensified such negative trend. Third, the analysis of the content and application of the federal Penal Code demonstrates not only the advantages of this act of the federal criminal law, but also its individual shortcomings. There is a lot of criticism against this document’s provisions in terms of sentencing for economic crimes. The main reason for criticism is the purely arithmetic relationship between the amount of punishment and the amount of material damage caused by such a crime. Based on the results of elaboration of the American experience in terms of normative provision and practice of application of punishments for economic crimes, a position has been expressed on the expediency of introducing a model of limited formalization of punishments in Ukraine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Ya. О. Kuchina ◽  

A new article was introduced into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2017, which establishes criminal liability for unlawful impact on the critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation. However, there is still no developed legal practice of applying this article, despite repeated statements of experts about the significant prevalence of crimes that encroach on the security of critical information infrastructure. The author of the article discovered one criminal case instituted on the grounds of a crime prohibited by Art. 2741 of the Criminal Code. The proposed article contains an analysis of the legal issues of this article, including the consideration of the specifics of qualification under Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3 of Art. 2741 of the Criminal Code. The concept of critical information infrastructure as an object of crime is considered, suggestions are made about the features of qualification of acts that will minimize law enforcement errors.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Sagung Putri

The research is a research which aims to find out the criminal law policy toward doctors, who do malpractice in hospital, and to know the criminal liability of hospital for doctors who do malpractice in health service, and to see the role of Government Hospital in protecting society from malpractice done by a doctor. By law, hospitals and doctors may be held criminally liable in accordance with the provisions of Article 46 of the Hospital Law, Article 359 of the Criminal Code, and Article 361 of the Criminal Code. Hospital corporations can also be held criminally liable in accordance with the provisions of superior respondent theory, hospital liability, and strict liability. Criminal law policies against malpractice doctors in hospitals may be granted in accordance with elements of the act committed by legal subjects, the existence of errors, the existence of acts committed are unlawful, the perpetrator capable of responsible, and the existence of exceptions to criminal elimination.


NORMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ryan Ari Hadinata

The researcher used the title Legal Consequences for Creditors Caused By Forced Withdrawal Of Fiduciary Objects. The formulation of the problems that arise includes, among others: what the creditor can take legal actions if the debtor does not pay the debt when it is due and what are the legal consequences faced by the creditor for the debtor's legal action related to the forced withdrawal of the object of fiduciary security by the creditor, The form of this research method is normative legal research, so in this study, an approach to legislation along with views and doctrines in legal science is analysed which is then analysed against the application of Law to resolve legal issues in this study. From the result the analysis carried out in this study, the researcher states that: as a result of the creditor executing the object of fiduciary security by force when the debtor defaults, it can be subject to criminal sanctions contained in Articles 335, 365, and 368 of the Criminal Code related to using coercion and physical violence and in Article 3 paragraph 1 of the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Number 130/PMK.010/2012 which also imposes sanctions on financial institutions that do not register the object of guarantee at the fiduciary guarantee registration office. As for the things that underlie the parties to take legal action, namely: the creditor wants the debtor's obligations to be carried out correctly to pay off his debt. In contrast, the debtor wants to get protection against the forced withdrawal of the object of the guarantee carried out by the creditor.Keywords: Guarantee, Execution, Fiduciary


2010 ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Avdasheva ◽  
A. Shastitko

As of October 30, 2009 changes and amendments in the content of the article 178 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation have been enacted. They allow to extend the use of criminal sanctions against violators of antitrust law in order to make the enforcement of legal rules supporting competition more effective. At the same time mistakes in the process of enforcement can decrease the efficiency of antitrust in the sense that under the given level of deterrence the burden of type I errors will be higher than the acceptable one. The goal of the article is to discuss the circumstances that can influence the effectiveness of criminal liability.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
I Wayan Panca Eka Darma ◽  
I Made Minggu Widyantara ◽  
Ni Made Sukaryati Karma

The duties, authorities, functions and criminal acts of money laundering in Indonesia are regulated in Law No. 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Acts of Money laundering. This study examines two issues: the role of the PPATK agency in combating money laundering after the enactment of Law No. 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money laundering and criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of money laundering in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal method, a process of finding legal rules, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal issues under study from the perspective of statutory regulations. PPATK is an independent agency that has 3 main roles in the prevention and eradication of money laundering, namely: receiving reports on suspicious financial transactions, analysing the reports received from reporting parties, and forwarding the results of report analysis to the authorised party. Article 2 paragraph 1 jo Article 18 of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Criminal Acts of Corruption as amended into Law Number 31 of 2001 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Article 55 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. Subsidiarily Article 3 jo Article 18 Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crime as amended to Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 31 of 1999 jo Article 55 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. Secondly, Article 3 paragraph (1) letter g of Law Number 25 of 2003 concerning the Amendment to Law Number 15 of 2002 concerning the Criminal Acts of Money laundering jo Article 55 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code.


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