scholarly journals Perbudakan dalam Perjanjian Lama: Sebuah Kajian Tekstual dan Intertekstual atas Teks-teks Perbudakan dalam Perjanjian Lama

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-314
Author(s):  
Yohanes Rahdianto Suprandono ◽  
Robert Setio
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Postmodern Thinking

Abstract. By not explicitly prohibiting slavery has created the impression that the Bible does accept slavery. This paper intended to examine the biblical texts that raise the idea of slavery. Its main focus was texts in the Old Testament. These texts would be examined by considering the ancient Middle Eastern cultural setting. This paper would also bring together the pro and anti-slavery texts in a tensional relationship. This way distinguishes this writing from other writings which tend to take only one position, either pro or anti-slavery. The idea of seeing texts in a tensional relationship implies a postmodern thinking. The benefit of this paper is to build awareness that slavery is a practice that needs to be opposed but at the same time difficult to abolish. Therefore, a struggle against slavery still needs to be launched even though slavery has been formally and legally abolished.Abstrak. Dengan tidak tegasnya larangan terhadap perbudakan dalam Alkitab telah menimbulkan pemahaman bahwa Alkitab memang menerima perbudakan. Tulisan ini bermaksud memeriksa teks-teks Alkitab yang mengangkat gagasan perbudakan. Fokus utamanya adalah teks-teks dalam Perjanjian Lama. Teks-teks tersebut akan diperiksa dengan mempertimbangkan latar budaya Timur Tengah Kuno. Kemudian beberapa teks yang sering digunakan untuk mendukung dan menetang perbudakan akan dipahami kembali dalam sebuah ketegangan. Pilihan ini sekaligus membedakan tulisan ini dengan tulisan-tulisan lain yang cenderung mengambil salah satu posisi saja, entah pro atau anti perbudakan. Gagasan untuk melihat teks-teks dalam sebuah ketegangan ini secara implisit menyiratkan pemikiran posmodern. Manfaat tulisan ini adalah untuk membangun kesadaran bahwa perbudakan merupakan praktek yang perlu ditentang namun sekaligus sulit dihapuskan.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kosmologi Bumi Datar dalam Eskatologi Alkitab

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Asigor Parongna Sitanggang
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Critical Hermeneutic ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
End Times ◽  
The Universe

Understanding the eschatology of each group or ecclesiastical school is quite diverse because this subject is indeed a difficult thing. This paper, Pengaruh Kosmologi Bumi Datar dalam Eskatologi Alkitab (The Influence of Flat Earth Cosmology in Bible Eschatology), aims to re-explore biblical texts relating to eschatology or the end of time. Of all the biblical texts available, it is found that the end times do not talk about the destruction of the earth and/or the universe and replace it with something completely or absolutely new, but only include natural disasters without destroying the absolute earth and/or the universe, so it is the renewal of the earth/universe that exists, now, inhabited by humans. This paper is the result of library research using the historical-critical hermeneutic method of the biblical texts used, including the two-source theory for the synoptic gospels. What is intended in this paper is that many eschatological texts or the texts discuss about the end times in the Bible, both Old Testament as also the New Testament, are strongly influenced by the understanding of flat-earth cosmology, so that reading of these biblical texts should not be carried out using the understanding of modern round-earth cosmology round. AbstrakPemahaman eskatologi masing-masing kelompok atau aliran gerejawi cukup beragam karena memang pokok ini adalah hal yang sulit. Makalah ini, Pengaruh Kosmo-logi Bumi Datar dalam Eskatologi Alkitab, bertujuan untuk menggali ulang teks-teks biblis yang berkaitan dengan eskatologi atau akhir zaman. Dari semua teks biblis yang ada, maka ditemukan bahwa akhir zaman tidak berbicara mengenai penghancuran bumi dan/atau alam semesta dan menggantikannya dengan sesuatu yang sepenuhnya atau mutlak baru, melainkan hanya menyertakan bencana-bencana alam tanpa menghancur-kan mutlak bumi dan/atau alam semesta, sehingga itu merupakan pembaruan bu-mi/alam semesta yang ada, yang sekarang, yang didiami manusia. Makalah ini merupa-kan hasil penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode hermeneutik historis-kritis atas teks-teks biblis yang digunakan, termasuk teori dua sumber bagi Injil-injil sinoptik. Yang hendak dibuktikan dalam makalah ini adalah terdapat banyak teks eskato-logis atau tentang akhir zaman dalam Alkitab baik Perjanjian Lama maupun Perjanjian Baru yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemahaman kosmologi bumi datar (flat-earth cosmology), sehingga pembacaan teks-teks biblis tersebut tidak boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan pemahaman kosmologi bumi bulat (round-earth cosmology).

scholarly journals Menjembatani Teks dan Konteks

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-273
Author(s):  
Agustinus Setiawidi
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

Although efforts to construct Old Testament theology in Indonesia started in the 1970s, as attested in the number of theses and dissertations written by Indonesian scholars, the shape of contextual biblical theology itself remains dominated by a one-way model. The Bible is taken to be source, inspiration, evaluator, or teacher, while readers merely listen, imitate, and adhere to it. Yet readers today, who come from dynamically variegated contexts, are inevitably required to bridge-build between biblical texts and their own respective contexts. In view of this, dialogue in its broadest sense becomes the key to constructing a biblical theology overall, including OT theology. This paper challenges biblical theologians to find available approaches and, deploying them properly, to construct contextual Old Testament theology in Indonesia.

Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Lipka
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Women In The Bible ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Biblical Texts

There was relatively little scholarship focusing on women, gender, and sexuality in the Hebrew Bible until the 1970s, when modern feminist biblical scholarship first started to emerge as an outgrowth of second-wave feminism. In the 1980s, feminist biblical criticism fully blossomed as a discipline, inspiring a large body of work focusing on issues such as the depiction, treatment, and roles of women, the interrelationship between gender and power, and views toward women’s sexuality in biblical texts, and what can be discerned about various aspects of the lives of women in ancient Israel based on biblical and other evidence. In the past few decades, as the body of scholarship on women in the Bible has continued to grow, it has also broadened its scope as new methodologies and hermeneutical approaches have been introduced. Inspired in part by the rise of third wave feminism in the 1990s, there has also been an increasing amount of scholarship focusing on the intersection of race, class, and ethnicity with gender and sexuality in biblical texts, and an increasing awareness of the need to include more voices from the “two-thirds” world in the scholarly dialogue. In addition to being subjects covered by those engaging in feminist criticism, gender and sexuality studies both emerged as discrete fields in the 1980s, as biblical scholars, building upon the methodological foundation established by theorists such as Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Derrida, and Michel Foucault, began to examine the social, cultural, and historical construction of gender and sexuality in biblical texts. The last few decades have seen a flourishing of scholarship on gender and sexuality in the Bible that continues to both build on these foundations and go beyond them, as scholars incorporate new approaches and methodologies from the areas of gender theory, queer studies, masculinities studies, and, most recently, intersex studies into their work, offering innovative and incisive readings that shed a vivid new light on seemingly familiar biblical texts.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hofreiter
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Reception History ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Texts

The introduction sketches out the moral, theological, and hermeneutical problems posed by ‘genocidal texts’ in the Old Testament, framing the hermeneutical challenge in terms of the following inconsistent set of propositions: (1) God is good. (2) The Bible is true. (3) Genocide is atrocious. (4) According to the Bible, God commanded and commended genocide. (5) No good being, let alone the supremely good Being, would ever command or commend an atrocity. The most pertinent biblical texts are then briefly presented. In addition, the methodological approach, that is, reception history, is set in its historical context, which includes a discussion of its recent resurgence and contemporary relevance. Finally, recent academic treatments of similar topics are discussed and an overview of the rest of the work is given.

scholarly journals Główne wyznaczniki metodologii canonical approach według Brevarda S. Childsa

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Michał Zmuda
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Canonical Approach ◽  
Divinity School ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The article is a description of main methodological guidelines of the canonical approach according to Brevard S. Childs, a former professor and specialist of the Old Testament at Divinity School of Yale University (New Haven). This new interpretation of the Bible, brought forth by the Pontifical Biblical Commission in The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church has arisen as the basis of critique of several assumptions in regard to the historical critical method connected with the insufficient use of theological dimension of biblical texts in exegesis. Main methodological issues of canonical approach are characterized by the in- terpretation in faith; canon the as norm and border in explanation of biblical texts; emphasis on final form of canonical text; serious treatment of canonical context and unity of the Bible in exegesis. The fundamentals of canonical approach presented let us define it as a “third way” in exegesis, leading through bridge between history and theology.

scholarly journals Biblical quotations in Faustus’s Capitula

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Catholic Priest ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Roman Africa ◽  
Insight Into

Scholars are still of the opinion that Augustine first started to read and discuss the Bible only once he became a Catholic Christian, or even only after his appointment as a Catholic priest. The possibility of Manichaean influences on Augustine’s reproduction of biblical texts is therefore, in many cases, not taken into account. However, the study of (Latin) Manichaean sources gives us reason to rethink that position. This article is an investigation of the use of Scripture in the most extensive, still existing Manichaean work, originally written in Latin, namely the Capitula. Its author was the Manichaean bishop Faustus (flor. app. 380 CE Roman Africa). The most important subject in the Capitula concerns those parts of Scripture that bear relevance to the real Christian. Therefore, the work provides important insight into the Manichaeans’ use and appreciation of Scripture. Faustus was well-known to the young Augustine and as a consequence the Capitula could well give us important insights into Augustine’s knowledge of and opinions on Scripture as a Manichaean hearer. One problem with this theory is the fact that Augustine only received the work some 13 years after his conversion to Catholic Christianity. However, the examination of the quotations from Scripture, that have as its focus those from the Old Testament, illustrates, amongst others, that Faustus mainly used Biblical texts already quoted in the works of Addas/Adimantus (flor. 270 CE). The Capitula turns out to be an eloquent recycling of earlier Manichaean biblical arguments – a fact that makes it very likely that the content of the Capitula was known to Augustine in his Manichaean years. As a consequence, one should reckon with Manichaean influence on Augustine’s reproduction of biblical texts.

scholarly journals De opstanding van Lazarus (Johannes 10:40–12:11): Bijbelse echo’s in Lazarus is dead (2011) van Richard Beard

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Weren
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Modern Novel ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the relationship between the modern novel of Beard and John’s storiesabout Lazarus and Jesus, and wants to give answers to three questions: (1) how is the Lazarusstory in John interpreted by Beard?; (2) what meaning does John’s story have within its ownliterary and cultural setting?; (3) what similarities and differences are there between Beard’sinterpretation and the original meaning of the Johannine story? Questions 1 and 2 require anintratextual analysis, which focuses on the structure and meaning lines in each of the two texts.Then follows an intertextual analysis which in this article is particularly aimed at comparingthe contents of the concepts/ death/ and/ live/ in the Fourth Gospel with the ways in whichthese concepts are semantically coloured in Beard’s book. Studying echoes from the Bible inmodern literary contexts can explain how the rich potential of meaning of biblical texts isbeing unlocked in new texts, time and time again, but can also help us to read the Bible withnew eyes through the lens of modern culture.

scholarly journals Can the phenomenon of humour serve as an interpretive key to understand the idea of laughter in the Old Testament?

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hennie A.J. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Relationship

In the past humour was frowned upon by some, but more recently it has become part of innocuous communication between members of society. Against this background, authors also claim that humour functions in the Bible. Very few, if any, are convinced that the opposite might be true. Numerous attempts have been made to determine the meaning of, and develop definitions and theories pertaining to the concept of humour. However, until now no consensus has been reached regarding these concepts. The physiological and psychological meaning of the phenomenon is noted, but the relationship between humour and literary types has attracted more attention. Determining the time of the origin of the concept may indicate a difference in meaning between a contemporary Western and ancient Near Eastern or Middle Eastern (and Israelite) understanding of laughter, humour and mockery, respectively.Kan die verskynsel van humor dien as ’n sleutel van interpretasie om die lagbegrip in dieOu Testament te verstaan? In die verlede is humor deur sommige persone afgekeur, maar meer onlangs het die verskynsel egter ’n integrale deel van gemeensame kommunikasie in die samelewing geword. Dus beweer baie skrywers nou dat humor selfs in die Bybel voorkom. Baie min, indien enige, is daarvan oortuig dat die teenoorgestelde waar kan wees. Talle pogings is al aangewend om die betekenis van, asook ’n definisie en teorie in verband met die humorkonsep te formuleer. Tot op hede is daar egter nog geen konsensus in hierdie verband bereik nie. Daar is rekening gehou met die fisiologiese en psigologiese betekenis van die verskynsel, maar die moontlike verband tussen humor en literêre vorme het egter meer aandag getrek. Die bepaling van die ontstaanstyd van die verskynsel kan onderskeidelik op ’n verskil in betekenis tussen ’n kontemporêre Westerse en ou Nabye Oosterse of Midde-Oosterse (en Israelietiese) begrip van die konsepte lag, humor en bespotting dui.

scholarly journals Staročeské sumáře v biblích 15. století

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Voleková
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Holy Writ ◽  
Biblical Translation ◽  
The Middle Ages

Old Czech Summaries in Fifteenth-Century BiblesThis article focuses on some non-biblical texts accompanying Old Czech Bible translations in the Middle Ages. The oldest translation of the entire Bible into Old Czech, which comes from the 1350s, included a particular type of non-biblical texts: prefaces to biblical books. The following Old Czech revisions and new translations of the Bible were provided, to varying degrees, with other textual aids, such as the lists of Mass readings. In this paper, we focus on the so-called capitula, summaries of individual chapters of particular biblical books. In the Middle Ages, the capitula were an aid providing orientation in the text for the study of the Holy Writ in Latin. During the revision of the Czech biblical translation at the turn of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, chapter summaries in Latin were also translated. However, they are only preserved in their entirety in one manuscript, the second volume of the Litoměřice-Třeboň Bible. Other Old Czech Bibles included biblical summaries only exceptionally and selectively; the Old Czech chapter summaries survived in nine biblical manuscripts, mainly before individual chapters of selected books of the Old Testament. They were primarily intended to familiarise readers with the content of the text. The biblical summaries deserve a critical edition and further research, especially for their Old Czech vocabulary, reflecting the formation of biblical language and style in the late Middle Ages. Staroczeskie streszczenia w piętnastowiecznych tłumaczeniach BibliiNiniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony tekstom towarzyszącym staroczeskim przekładom Biblii z okresu średniowiecza. Pierwszy staroczeski przekład całej Biblii, pochodzący z lat pięćdziesiątych XIV wieku, zawierał również szczególny rodzaj tekstu: przedmowy do poszczególnych ksiąg. Zarówno jego zmodyfikowane wersje, jak i nowe przekłady, były (w różnym stopniu) zaopatrzone w teksty pomocnicze, na przykład listy czytań mszalnych. Przedstawiona analiza omawia tzw. capitula, czyli streszczenia poszczególnych rozdziałów ksiąg biblijnych. W średniowieczu stanowiły one jedyną w swoim rodzaju pomoc, umożliwiającą orientację w treści łacińskiego tekstu Pisma Świętego. Podczas modyfikacji czeskiego przekładu Biblii na przełomie XIV i XV wieku przetłumaczono również łacińskie streszczenia; zachowały się one w całości tylko w jednym manuskrypcie – drugim tomie Biblii litomierzycko-trzebońskiej. Inne biblie staroczeskie zawierały takie streszczenia tylko w wybranych rozdziałach; zachowały się one w dziewięciu manuskryptach, gdzie w większości przypadków poprzedzają poszczególne rozdziały wybranych ksiąg Starego Testamentu. Ich głównym celem było zapoznanie czytelnika z treścią tekstu biblijnego. Streszczenia, o których mowa, zasługują na krytyczne opracowanie i dalsze badania, zwłaszcza ze względu na staroczeskie słownictwo, odzwierciedlające formowanie się języka i stylu biblijnego w okresie późnego średniowiecza.

The Concept of Palestine: The Conception Of Palestine from the Late Bronze Age to the Modern Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Masalha
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
The Bible ◽  
School History

The Concept of Palestine is deeply rooted in the collective consciousness of the indigenous people of Palestine and the multicultural ancient past. The name Palestine is the most commonly used from the Late Bronze Age (from 1300 BCE) onwards. The name Palestine is evident in countless histories, inscriptions, maps and coins from antiquity, medieval and modern Palestine. From the Late Bronze Age onwards the names used for the region, such as Djahi, Retenu and Cana'an, all gave way to the name Palestine. Throughout Classical Antiquity the name Palestine remained the most common and during the Roman, Byzantine and Islamic periods the concept and political geography of Palestine acquired official administrative status. This article sets out to explain the historical origins of the concept of Palestine and the evolving political geography of the country. It will seek to demonstrate how the name ‘Palestine’ (rather than the term ‘Cana'an’) was most commonly and formally used in ancient history. It argues that the legend of the ‘Israelites’ conquest of Cana'an’ and other master narratives of the Bible evolved across many centuries; they are myth-narratives, not evidence-based accurate history. It further argues that academic and school history curricula should be based on historical facts/empirical evidence/archaeological discoveries – not on master narratives or Old Testament sacred-history and religio-ideological constructs.

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