Responsibility through Anticipation? The ‘Future Talk’ and the Quest for Plausibility in the Governance of Emerging Technologies

In anticipatory governance (AG) and responsible innovation (RI), anticipation is a key theoretical and practical dimension for promoting a more responsible governance of new and emerging sciences and technologies. Yet, anticipation has been subjected to a range of criticisms, such that many now see it as unnecessary for AG and RI. According to Alfred Nordmann, practices engaging with ‘the future’, when performed under certain conditions, may reify the future, diminish our ability to see what is happening, and/or reproduce the illusion of control over the future. Several authors have stressed that these critiques fail to capture the heterogeneous character of anticipatory practices, and yet research on the question of what particular kind of socio-epistemic engagements with ‘the future’ AG and RI aim to enact through anticipation remains fragmentary and their underlying rationale under-theorised. This article aims to advance the theoretical characterisation and problematisation of anticipation as key interventive tools for AG and RI. By distinguishing between four modes of anticipation and heuristically testing them against Nordmann’s critiques, the article argues that despite his assessment failing to recognise the heterogeneity of anticipatory practices considered valuable for AG and RI, it reinforces the relevance of performing certain modes of anticipatory exercises, namely critical-hermeneutic ones. Thus, anticipation continues to be a necessary heuristic dimension for AG and RI. More concretely, the article maintains that such anticipatory heuristics may find their radical constructive and critical-reflective character in the dynamics of inclusive scrutiny and negotiation about the (im)plausibility and (un)desirability of the envisioned or (co-)created futures.

Countering the "Phenomenology of Whiteness": The Nation of Islam's Phenomenology of Blackness

The Nation of Islam (NOI) has intrigued American society since its inception in 1930. Historically, the religio-nationalist organization has been the object of admiration for its uncanny ability to reform the lives of downtrodden blacks. At the same time, the NOI has garnered condemnation for the controversial, racialized and divisive doctrine that it espouses. This condemnation has led to a dismissal of the NOI’s doctrine as reactionary, bigoted, and fanciful myth-making. In recent decades however, scholars have begun interrogating the doctrine of the NOI. Rather than dismissing it, scholars in various fields have recognized the critical and phenomenological nature of its doctrine as it goes about the “mental, physical, and spiritual resurrection” of black Americans. In this article, I interrogate three of the most controversial claims of the NOI: The White man is the devil, the Black man is God, and its endorsement of the separation of Blacks into their own territory. Viewed through the lens of phenomenology, I submit that the NOI’s doctrine and actions should be viewed as the establishment of an emancipative and recuperative “Phenomenology of Blackness” that counters a lifeworld built upon the disembodiment and dehumanization of Black bodies. Reframing the NOI’s doctrine in this way positions it as a linguistic, religiously stylized, praxis-oriented critical hermeneutic phenomenology.

MUSIK KRITIS DALAM MEMBANGUN KESADARAN TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL POLITIK: STUDI KASUS MUSIKALISASI NYELENEH KARYA JASON RANTI BAGI GENERASI MUDA

Critical music has the ability to describe the socio-political reality that occur in the country. Musicians describe their concerns and ideas through lyrics found in critical music. So, musicians take advantage of the function of music as mass communication. Through critical music, the delivery of socio-political phenomena can be intertwined in a more informal and relaxed manner. Especially for the younger generation who are very close to the development of music, where Indonesia is in a demographic bonus phase. In this study, researcher attempted to explain the dynamics of critical music in Indonesia's political ecosystem and how it affects the critical awareness of the younger generation. Jason Ranti describes his anxiety through the lyrics that are eccentric but rich in meaning, relaxed but not purposeless, and critical without being patronizing. Jason Ranti's critical music can build the interest of the younger generation to be more critical of the ongoing socio-political phenomena. This study uses documentation as the main data which is supported by interviews. The result of this research is that Jason Ranti has contributed in spreading critical insights to the younger generation. By understanding the meaning of eccentric musicalization through critical hermeneutic theory, Jason Ranti describes the current social phenomenon and tries to provide alternative responses for his listeners. The younger generation becomes more caring, empathetic and interested about the socio-political phenomena that are happening. Through Jason Ranti's critical music, the younger generation can take responsive actions in responding to the socio-political phenomena that are currently happening. Critical Music, Socio-Political Conditions, Jason Ranti, Younger Generation.

Can I tell you, my story? A critical hermeneutic inquiry into the life narratives of Ugandan children living within an orphanage in Kampala

The detrimental impact of childcare institutions (CCIs), or orphanages, is well known. Despite deinstitutionalisation strategies in Uganda, CCIs remain the predominant intervention method employed by Western actors responding to the needs of children there. Reforming this approach requires contextualised critical understandings of the children’s experiences and perspectives of their institutionalisation, to reduce the misidentification and misappropriation of children as orphans. Therefore, operationalising the theoretical lens of Bourdieu within critical hermeneutic analyses, this article draws upon the narratives of 30 children living within an orphanage in Kampala, to enhance critical understandings of their experiences, perspectives, and behaviours throughout transition from home to an orphanage, via the streets of Kampala, illuminating how and why they come to be living there. Guided by Ricœur’s critical hermeneutic approach, the study found that poverty drives children to the streets in search of economic opportunity and organisations perceived to offer access to basic services of which they are deprived, such as education. Education, as a form of cultural capital, is understood amongst participants as ensuring an elevated position within society, or a means of overcoming poverty. Within this transition from home to the orphanage, whilst on the streets, socially acquired dispositions and harmful stereotypes contribute to the manifestation of the ‘street kid’ construct, for which the children are marginalised, and experience physical and sexual abuse. Girls are most at risk, whereby gender inequality contributes to their exploitation and the normalisation of rape. However, for the children entry into a CCI from the streets means relinquishing agency and social capital that is integral to them, often.

Is the Mzungu phenomenon a help or hinderance?

The deprivation, adversity, and lack of protection for children on the streets of urban Uganda are well known; as is the reality that most of their support is facilitated by Western Missionary operated, non-government organisations (NGOs). However, their approach is problematised as ineffective, oppressive, and colonial. Yet there is a dearth of research from the children’s perspectives, capturing the meaning of such actors’ interventions within their lifeworld’s, and no such literature within the Ugandan context. Therefore, this case study focuses on the ‘Mzungu Phenomenon’, a theme unearthed from critical hermeneutic analyses of the life stories of 30 former street children within an orphanage in Kampala, Uganda. The Mzungu phenomenon refers to the meaning and influence of the Western Missionaries and volunteers that feature within the children’s experiences, captured within their narratives. Underpinned by Ricœur’s narrative philosophy, this study illuminates and problematises the way in which Western NGO actors feature within the children’s lifeworld’s, and the wider ramifications from postcolonial, and postcolonial feminist theoretical perspectives. This includes the perpetuation of colonial legacies, ideologies, and praxis, that contribute to disempowerment for children, their families, and their communities, and the dual oppression of women. Therefore, this piece argues that despite a need to enhance child protection measures in Uganda, the current approaches that do not align with national and international rights-based policies must be further critically examined, challenged, and reformed, to ensure the wellbeing of the children.

Acculturation Coalesce Between Islamic Leadership with Minangkabau Local Wisdom

The Minangkabau community has a long history of Islamic culture. This historical fact is assisted by the Minangkabau natural Tambo which contains philosophy, goals, ideals, normativity, regulations, and proverbs that presuppose consensus as to the goals of society. The purpose of this study, using the perspective of Jurgen Habermas, which is based on the theory of communicative action, the researcher is helped in studying the forms of deliberation from the democratic system of the Minangkabau natural society. Qualitative research is the research method used. The critical paradigm is the chosen solution. In this study, which is combined with the concepts of shari'a associated with communication theory, Habermas’ critical hermeneutic theory will be used. The results of this study show the discursive decision-making process in the Nagari, which is then questioned with the lareh dualism that gave birth to the Tuah sakato democracy. Then from a long study related to how the deliberation process in the Minang realm has the potential to be epistemic in the post-secular era, the researchers also found that the IKM regional organizations as developers of these potentials were outside the realm and had an impact on the Minang realm itself. The results of this study can trigger further researchers to participate in cultural studies and human resources related to the importance of epistemic attitudes in the post-secular era.

The Role of Personalism in Eradicating Linguistic Violence

Human society is filled with violence. Violence happens not only as physical violence but also as linguistic violence. This has brought pain and torment not only to human bodies but also their minds and hearts. Linguistic violence is often ignored in society, yet it is a factor that has demeaned human personality, caused wars, genocides, xenophobic attacks, and so forth. Because of the negative consequences of linguistic violence, there is a need to raise awareness of it and how to conquer it. Through critical hermeneutic and analytic methods, the paper examined how linguistic violence can be ameliorated if not totally eradicated through the philosophy of personalism. The central argument of this paper is that the philosophy of personalism which emphasizes the value of the human person and decries all forms of degradation and devaluation of humanity can help in ending linguistic violence. It argues that the human person has absolute value and should not be treated as a thing or tool. One of the best ways to combat negative language is to promote a positive language. This can be achieved through the promotion of the ethical value of personalism. The paper finds that linguistic violence is taking place in Nigeria and there is a need to overcome it. The conclusion of the paper is that the philosophy of personalism can help in curbing linguistic violence. When this is done the entire attendant negative consequences associated with it will be overcome.

Opinie studentów pedagogiki na temat swoich szkolnych nauczycieli

The article reviews the opinions of beginning pedagogy students. They were asked about their school teachers, those who they valued the most and the least. Students mainly described their moral and practical competences. Students appreciate the most the ability to establish rapport and to communicate and deal with students. According to the critical-hermeneutic theory, these competences have the greatest impact on the students, but they are difficult to teach during professional training. Making students aware of this can increase their inclination to develop their social skills.

Desertion and Love in Novel Gizzara (Kutunggu Kau Di Tapal Batas Kuldezen) by Fanny J.Poyk

Aims: Describe the desertion and love of characters in the novel Gizzara (I am Waiting for You at the Boundary of Kuldenzen) by Fanny J. Poyk: a critical hermeneutic study of Jurgen Habermas. Study Design: Multidisciplinary Place and Duration of Study: Graduate Program of Indonesian Bahasa and Literature Education University of Lampung, August 2019 until now Methodology: Qualitative research is some scientific activity procedures that can be used to solve problems according to different perspectives and approaches. The process of parsing and understanding the meaning of literary works is the focus of hermeneutics. Data collection techniques in this study used reading, note-taking, and literature techniques. Content analysis is used to explore the ideas expressed by writers (authors) in the form of statements, questions, and character dialogues. This technique is to understand the message of literary works. Result: Based on the discussion, Fanny has made her work as an integral part of the problems that are happening today even though it is packaged in a past dimension with dozens of characters. Desertion may occur due to the opposing group which gives a feeling of peace, comfort, and even affection and love for him. Desertion is used to escape from psychological pressure. It is different from the material pressure, Psychology requires comfort in order to live a happier and more normal life. Although, other pressures (work, family, economic, or finance) affects a person's psychology and its culmination becomes psychological pressure too. Gizzara (I am Waiting for You at the Boundary of Kuldenzen) appeared as a literary work which is not just a representation of social or cultural, but also the alienation of the people that was shown in the past. Textually and contextually, this novel displays an awareness of human unhappiness for dealing with a world as not we desire.

ISLAMIC COUNSELING IN A PHILOSOPHY PERSPECTIVE

this paper aims to describe Islamic counseling from a philosophical perspective. However, Islamic counseling cannot be separated from the philosophical foundation as a foundation in analyzing the ontology, epistemology and axiology of Islamic counseling. This paper uses a library research approach, where data is obtained and collected from literature studies. Analysis of the data in this paper requires the author's important role in interpreting the data. In the end, the material object of Islamic Counseling philosophy is the same as the object of philosophy in general, namely everything that exists. Islamic counseling study methods can be done by; Normative, Historical, Linguistic, Contextual, Traditional, Critical, Hermeneutic Approaches.