scholarly journals Out with the Humans, in with the Machines?: Investigating the Behavioral and Psychological Effects of Replacing Human Advisors with a Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 209-234
Author(s):  
Andrew Prahl ◽  
Lyn Van Swol
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Advice Utilization

This study investigates the effects of task demonstrability and replacing a human advisor with a machine advisor. Outcome measures include advice-utilization (trust), the perception of advisors, and decision-maker emotions. Participants were randomly assigned to make a series of forecasts dealing with either humanitarian planning (low demonstrability) or management (high demonstrability). Participants received advice from either a machine advisor only, a human advisor only, or their advisor was replaced with the other type of advisor (human/machine) midway through the experiment. Decision-makers rated human advisors as more expert, more useful, and more similar. Perception effects were strongest when a human advisor was replaced by a machine. Decision-makers also experienced more negative emotions, lower reciprocity, and faulted their advisor more for mistakes when a human was replaced by a machine.

Property Rights within Government and Devices to Increase Government Efficiency

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Amacher ◽  
Robert D. Tollison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Government Efficiency ◽  
Gains And Losses

This paper demonstrates that bureaucratic decision-making is a more complex process than the literature that focuses narrowly on the lack of appropriability of gains and losses from efficient decision-making implies. The paper delineates some of the other types of constraints under which the governmental decision maker operates. These factors lead to the conclusion that there are many devices (like the volunteer army) that can move decision makers toward significantly more efficient decisions without the presence of appropriability (narrowly defined).

Human Judgment and AI Pricing

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Ajay Agrawal ◽  
Joshua S. Gans ◽  
Avi Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Judgment

This paper examines the pricing choices of a provider of artificial intelligence (AI) services. It does so in the context of AI providing predictions to a decision-maker who also exercises what we term judgment; specifically, the discovery of payoffs from action/state pairs. An AI facilitates the decision-maker obtaining judgment through experience, which is one source of demand for AI services. The other source is prediction when (and if) the decision-maker has a need for state-contingent decision-making. We show that the need to encourage learning means that the AI provider is constrained in its ability to extract rents from decision-makers.

scholarly journals DSS for best e-commerce selection using AHP-WASPAS and AHP-MOORA methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Gede Surya Mahendra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Places ◽  
Intense Competition ◽  
Calculation Technique ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normalization Process

eIQ Consumer Pulse 2019 determines the 6 largest e-commerce in Indonesia, namely Blibli, Bukalapak, JD.id, Lazada Indonesia, Shopee and Tokopedia. This is due to an increase in e-commerce transactions. The COVID-19 pandemic, which emphasizes social distancing and physical distancing, has also played a role in increasing these transactions. Indonesia is also predicted to become the market leader in Southeast Asia due to this. On the other hand, each e-commerce customer has their preferences in choosing e-commerce to use in transactions. Various criteria make customers confused due to intense competition between e-commerce companies. DSS is a solution in choosing the right e-commerce for each customer's preferences. The AHP-WASPAS and AHP-MOORA methods can be used in calculations for determining favorite e-commerce in Indonesia. The CRISP-DM framework also helps in preparing the research flow well. 3 decision-makers are used to provide weighting criteria using AHP. The results of this study indicate that the Tokopedia alternative is the best e-commerce, with a preference value of 0.8964 for AHP-WASPAS and 0.4245 for AHP-MOORA. The second and third places are Bukalapak and Lazada, respectively. The weighting of the criteria by the decision-maker, the alternative normalization process and the calculation technique for the preference value have a significant impact on the ranking results.

scholarly journals JOE BIDEN’S STATEMENT ON 1915 EVENTS: PURPOSEFUL POLITICAL ACTIONS MAY CAUSE UNANTICIPATED CONSEQUENCES, AN ANALYSIS FROM THE SOCIOLOGICAL VIEWPOINT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teoman Ertuğrul Tulun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Turkish People ◽  
Unanticipated Consequences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Political Actions

American sociologist Robert Merton, in his article titled "The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Social Action", explained the historical background of the unanticipated consequences of purposeful actions and discussed the impact of these actions on society and its individuals. He stated that unforeseen consequences, separate from desirable foreseeable consequences, are necessarily undesirable from the standpoint of the actor (the decision-maker). According to Merton, the intended and anticipated outcomes of purposive action are always, in the very nature of the case, relatively desirable to the those who take the action. In the case of states, those who take actions can be considered as political decision makers. Merton asserts that these actions may seem axiologically negative to an outside observer who was negatively affected by the decision. Merton points out that the effects of the unintended consequences of purposeful actions differ between the decision-maker of the action and the other side who will be adversely affected from this action. Yet, the entirety of the text and the main purpose of the preparation of the statement reveal who and which nationalities or nations are targeted positively and negatively. In the text, one side (Armenian) is historically pampered and honored, while the other side (Turkish) is aggrieved for the main purpose of the preparation of the statement even if it is not intentional and sought to be avoided. This result, in my judgement, is compatible with the "unintended consequences" concept of Robert Merton and the process he described for reaching such a conclusion. It is highly likely that this statement will be viewed as an unjust accusation and attack against Turkish identity by a significant portion of the Turkish people. It would not be surprising that such an interpretation will lead to an increase in the need inevitably felt to protect Turkish identity, resulting in increased levels of nationalist and anti-imperialist sentiments in the short and medium term.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

Analytical Study on Big Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Vivek Raich ◽  
Pankaj Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Data Store ◽  
Business Engineering

in the time of the Information Technology, the big data store is going on. Due to which, Huge amounts of data are available for decision makers, and this has resulted in the progress of information technology and its wide growth in many areas of business, engineering, medical, and scientific studies. Big data means that the size which is bigger in size, but there are several types, which are not easy to handle, technology is required to handle it. Due to continuous increase in the data in this way, it is important to study and manage these datasets by adjusting the requirements so that the necessary information can be obtained.The aim of this paper is to analyze some of the analytic methods and tools. Which can be applied to large data. In addition, the application of Big Data has been analyzed, using the Decision Maker working on big data and using enlightened information for different applications.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of R&D Intensity on Business Performance: Evidence from South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Hun Park ◽  
Jun-Hwan Park ◽  
Sujin Lee ◽  
Hyuk Hahn
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Services

The role of R&D (research and development) intensity on the effect of knowledge services on the business performance of firms has been discussed by using PLS-SEM and PLS-MGA methods. Research groups were divided into two groups, innovative and non-innovative. Respondents were classified into innovative firms if their R&D intensity was over 3% and vice versa. PLS-SEM and PLS-MGA results were compared for two groups and valuable insights were extracted. For innovative firms, knowledge services seemed to be verified and processed by the decision makers and utilized to achieve their business performance. On the other hand, a large number of non-innovative firms seemed to have a stronger tendency to utilize knowledge services directly for their business without sufficient verification by the decision makers.

scholarly journals Human autonomy, technological automation (and reverse)

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Chiodo
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
The One

AbstractWe continuously talk about autonomous technologies. But how can words qualifying technologies be the very same words chosen by Kant to define what is essentially human, i.e. being autonomous? The article focuses on a possible answer by reflecting upon both etymological and philosophical issues, as well as upon the case of autonomous vehicles. Most interestingly, on the one hand, we have the notion of (human) “autonomy”, meaning that there is a “law” that is “self-given”, and, on the other hand, we have the notion of (technological) “automation”, meaning that there is something “offhand” that is “self-given”. Yet, we are experiencing a kind of twofold shift: on the one hand, the shift from defining technologies in terms of automation to defining technologies in terms of autonomy and, on the other hand, the shift from defining humans in terms of autonomy to defining humans in terms of automation. From a philosophical perspective, the shift may mean that we are trying to escape precisely from what autonomy founds, i.e. individual responsibility of humans that, in the Western culture, have been defined for millennia as rational and moral decision-makers, even when their decisions have been the toughest. More precisely, the shift may mean that we are using technologies, and in particular emerging algorithmic technologies, as scapegoats that bear responsibility for us by making decisions for us. Moreover, if we consider the kind of emerging algorithmic technologies that increasingly surround us, starting from autonomous vehicles, then we may argue that we also seem to create a kind of technological divine that, by being always with us through its immanent omnipresence, omniscience, omnipotence and inscrutability, can always be our technological scapegoat freeing us from the most unbearable burden of individual responsibility resulting from individual autonomy.

scholarly journals Two Remarks on Blackwell's Theorem

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Lehrer ◽  
Eran Shmaya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Comparison Of Experiments ◽  
Classical Characterization ◽  
Blackwell's Theorem

In a decision problem with uncertainty a decision maker receives partial information about the actual state via an information structure. After receiving a signal, he is allowed to withdraw and gets zero profit. We say that one structure is better than another when a withdrawal option exists if it may never happen that one structure guarantees a positive profit while the other structure guarantees only zero profit. This order between information structures is characterized in terms that are different from those used by Blackwell's comparison of experiments. We also treat the case of a malevolent nature that chooses a state in an adverse manner. It turns out that Blackwell's classical characterization also holds in this case.

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