scholarly journals Maisematason geodiversiteetti Suomessa

Terra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Tukiainen ◽  
Jan Hjort
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation And Management

The diversity of nature consists of two complementary components: biological diversity (biodiversity) and abiotic diversity (geodiversity). Biodiversity is widely acknowledged in both research, and conservation and management practices, whereas geodiversity (the variety of abiotic features and processes of the land surface and subsurface) is just emerging as a research and practical issue. In this study, we introduce the geodiversity concept in Finnish context and explore how landscape-scale geodiversity varies in Finland and between Finnish municipalities. In addition, we study how geodiversity varies between nature areas and human impacted areas and how Finnish strict nature reserves and national parks succeed in capturing geodiversity. According to the results, there is distinct geographical variation in geodiversity in Finland. The geodiversity of municipalities varies through the country but, on average, municipalities in the southern and northern parts of the country have especially high geodiversity values. Interestingly, human impacted areas have slightly higher geodiversity than nature areas. Nature conservation areas manage especially well in capturing geomorphological richness. This study emphasizes the need for the investigation of geodiversity on a national and sub-national level. Study of geodiversity provides information on nature beyond current biodiversity-focused perspectives, which can be further utilized in e.g., land-use and nature conservation planning.

scholarly journals Veld management with specific reference to game ranching in the grassland and savanna areas of South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S.W. Trollope
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Game Ranching ◽  
Over Time

Veld management refers to the management of natural vegetation for specific objectives related to different forms of land use. In the wildlife context a wide spectrum of different forms of land use are practised ranging from pure nature conservation in large national parks through to smaller areas used for game farming. Consequently the products useable to society emanating from these areas vary greatly, and therefore the management of veld stocked with wildlife is extremely complex and must be adapted to the particular form of land use that is being practised. A generally accepted principle is that the smaller the area being used for wildlife the more intensively it must be managed, particularly game ranches. A prerequisite for the development of an effective veld management program is a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the veld upon which realistic veld management practices can be formulated. These practices will include stocking the veld with the appropriate species and numbers of animals, grazing and browsing management, veld burning and the provision of watering points. Finally a programme for monitoring veld condition over time is a prerequisite for sound veld management.

The Making of a National Park: Ruins of Nature and History in Northern Dobrudja

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-614
Author(s):  
Calin Cotoi
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Analytical Potential ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Construction Of Nature ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Gain Access

After 1990, nature conservation areas multiplied all over Central and Eastern Europe. National parks came into being as part of a dramatically changing society, economy, and culture. Scholarly efforts to understand national parks rely either on arguments about the social construction of nature or on political ecology. In this article, I attempt to point to the analytical potential of the literature on ruins for expanding studies carried out in both theoretical traditions. I draw from fieldwork in nature conservation areas in southeastern Romania to explore how actors gain access to critical discourses and complex ways of narrating and enrolling the landscapes. The mechanisms that counterpoise safeguarding and development are analyzed as parts of a longue durée articulation of ruination and modernization.

scholarly journals GEOCONSERVATION LEGAL STATUS AND GEOPARK ESTABLISHMENT IN GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Haidarlis ◽  
A. Sifakis ◽  
C. Brachou
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
Optimum Management

Under Greek (and EU) law, geo-conservation (geological conservation) is an issue not being dealt with in an organized and systematic way, in contrast with bio-conservation (nature conservation). Therefore geo-conservation approaches, as the ‘geopark’ concept, are not recognized under Greek legislation and elements of geological heritage can only be granted protection in isolation and in limited extension, mainly as playing a role to the biotic environment. However, to date, geoparks have been established and recognized by the European Geoparks Network (E.G.N.), in Greece. Those geoparks are protected under the Forestry Legislation, the Archeological Legislation or/and the Environmental Legislation. In view of the plans of the Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (I.G.M.E.) to expanding the Geoparks Network in Greece, a thorough examination of the available legal tools to protecting elements of geological importance in geoparks is required, with a view to proposing a legal protection regime that would realistically deal with the conservation of geosites and the establishment of geoparks focusing on overlapping with nature conservation areas, namely “Natura 2000 sites”. In addition, building on the experience of the administration and management of national parks and Natura 2000 sites, the available management options will be examined with a view to providing the optimum management alternatives.

scholarly journals Reinvigorating the vision: conservation boards’ role in 21st-century nature conservation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cheyne
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
National Parks ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Official Discourse

Public and stakeholder involvement in nature conservation through conservation boards has been a distinctive feature of New Zealand’s statutory framework for conservation, put in place in 1987. Since their inception, effective boards established for the purpose of ensuring that conservation stakeholders’ voices inform conservation planning have been regarded, at least in official discourse, as a key mechanism for achieving conservation outcomes. They replaced the existing national parks boards and, like their parent body, the New Zealand Conservation Authority, were intended to focus on the entire conservation estate. 

scholarly journals Landscape Conservation Planning to Sustain Ecosystem Services under Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Pin Lin ◽  
Chi-Ju Chen ◽  
Wan-Yu Lien ◽  
Wen-Hao Chang ◽  
Joy Petway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Stability And Resilience

Sustainable conservation aims to ensure the sustained conservation of landscape multi-functionality which in turn requires ensuring ecosystem service (ES) and habitat quality (HQ) sustainability with inclusive landscape-scale conservation planning. This study proposes a landscape conservation planning (LCP) framework for landscape-scale ES-HQ conservation and sustainability. Spatially explicit hotspots for five ESs and HQs are identified via InVEST and LISA software. Spatiotemporal changes in ES-HQ hotspots, in terms of stability and resilience, are delineated. The Zonation technique is applied to prioritize areas for conservation based on ES-HQ hotspot stability and resilience maps. High priority conservation areas are identified and are used as reserve area inputs for land use modeling with CLUE-S software to simulate future land use change under climate change scenarios. This study reports that varied rainfall and climate are major driving factors of ES-HQ sustainability disturbance in the study area. Furthermore, our proposed conservation Strategy 2 demonstrates that a larger extent of landscape multi-functionality can be sustained when the existing conservation area includes the total area of identified ES-HQ resilient hotspots. This study effectively identifies the stability and resiliency of ES-HQ hotspot areas affected by disturbances for high priority landscape conservation requirements to ensure ES-HQ sustainability and landscape multi-functionality in the study area.

scholarly journals Reflections on the relationships between communities and conservation areas of South Africa: the case of five South African national parks

Koedoe ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Simelane ◽  
G.I.H. Kerley ◽  
M.H. Knight
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation And Management

An evaluation of the relationships between communities around Addo Elephant National Park, Mountain Zebra National Park, Karoo National Park, Golden Gate Highlands National Park and Vaalbos National Park shows that these communities have limited ecological knowledge and understanding of resources occurring within the parks. People within these communities rate relationships with their neighbouring parks as relatively poor. Despite this, these communities are keen to support conservation and management of biodiversity through national parks. The study further revealed that two types of communities occur around the national parks of South Africa. These are neighbouring and the distant communities. The distant communities are more urban in character than the neighbouring communities. These communities are heterogeneous with people from a variety of cultures. The varying lifestyle, age groups, cultural backgrounds and income levels lead to differences in expectations from the national parks by these communities. This, which is critical in determining the level of appreciation of conservation of biodiversity by communities around conservation areas, requires the attention of the park managers. They need to ensure that when distributing the benefits or opportunities linked to conservation, cultural, income and education differences among communities are considered and used as the basis for development and implementation of community development projects.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Effects of National Park Governance and Management: Lessons from Post-Socialist Era Estonia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Henri Järv ◽  
Raymond D. Ward ◽  
Janar Raet ◽  
Kalev Sepp
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Local Conditions

Despite the significant increase in protected territory globally, there is a common understanding that the designation of protected areas alone does not guarantee their effectiveness nor halt the loss of biodiversity. In addition to biodiversity conservation, protected areas are expected to perform a number of other functions, such as provide ecosystem services and improve local socio-economic conditions. Therefore, the need to strive towards mixed, decentralized conservation management and stakeholder involvement is increasingly emphasized. Although there is limited research, it has been noted that protected areas have not served wider objectives effectively enough. The current study provides insight concerning socio-economic effects of different governance and management practices of protected areas based on perceptions of residents and stakeholders of five national parks of Estonia. It was found that conservation status has an important impact on local socio-economic conditions largely depending on governance and management practices, resulting in both, positive and negative effects. It was concluded that the centralization of nature conservation and the abolition of protected area administrations have led to a gradual distancing of nature conservation from local conditions and the population, causing concern about the preservation of the living environment.

scholarly journals Kimberley tropical monsoon rainforests of western Australia: perspectives on biological diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-228
Author(s):  
Kevin F. Kenneally
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
The Status ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Monsoon Rainforest

There are more than 1,500 patches of monsoon rainforest, totaling 7,000 hectares, scattered across 170,000 square km of the tropical Kimberley region of Western Australia. They are small, isolated and embedded within a mosaic of mostly flammable eucalypt savanna woodlands. The status and condition of Kimberley monsoon rainforest biodiversity are assessed based on geographically comprehensive survey data from a total of 100 sites and opportunistic collecting in many others. Monsoon rainforests are rich in species not found in the region’s other vegetation communities. Most rainforests and their associated faunal assemblages are not currently reserved and many of the survey sites were found to be severely disturbed by fire and introduced feral cattle. The disturbance impact of fires, introduced animals and weeds is shown to apply generally across the three major forms of land tenure operating in the Kimberley; namely, Aboriginal land (including Indigenous Protected Areas), Crown land (including pastoral leasehold), and national parks and reserves. The implications of these disturbance factors on the conservation and management practices of monsoon rainforest patches in the region are considered. It is concluded that conservation of patches requires active fire and feral animal management. Equally, however, the long-term genetic viability of these small scattered patches and populations requires effective conservation at the landscape scale. Mounting evidence of the Kimberley as a historical and significant center of refugia warrants action from scientists, governments, conservation agencies, Indigenous landholders as well as local communities to protect and conserve its unique biota and the processes responsible for generating and sustaining it.

scholarly journals Whole genome approach in conservation biology and its perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-298
Author(s):  
Sergei F. Kliver
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
National Level ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Conservation Genomics ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
The Status

Conservation biology aims to maintain biological diversity and to defend species from extinction. The number of endangered species is constantly increasing from year to year, reflecting both a deteriorating situation and an increasing number of studied species. In order to obtain a reliable assessment of the status and conservation planning of threatened species, not only an estimate of current total abundance, but also data on population structure, demographic history, and genetic diversity are needed. The development of new approaches and lower costs of sequencing have made it possible to solve these problems at a level previously inaccessible and have led to the formation of conservation genomics. This review discusses the opportunities and prospects offered by the use of whole genome sequencing in conservation biology, features of sample gathering for sequencing, as well as some features of planning whole genome studies. In addition, emphasis is placed on the importance of the formation of open biobanks of samples and cell cultures at the national level.

scholarly journals SETTLEMENTS AND TOURISM IN NATURE CONSERVATION AREAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Екатерина Сергеевна Котова ◽  
Маргарита Сергеевна Сергеева ◽  
Светлана Ивановна Яковлева
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Geographical Analysis

Цель исследования - выявление особенностей расселения (сети населённых пунктов) и организации заповедного туризма на природоохранных территориях. Туризм в заповедниках и национальных парках - популярная тема междисциплинарных исследований и стратегических разработок, а также актуальный вопрос туристскорекреационного природопользования. Географический анализ особенностей расселения природоохранных территорий - актуальная, но слабо изученная тема. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of resettlement (a network of settlements) and the organization of tourism in nature conservation territories. Tourism in nature reserves and national parks is a popular topic of interdisciplinary research and strategic planning, as well as an urgent issue of tourist-recreational nature management. A geographical analysis of the features of the settlement of nature conservation areas is an urgent, but poorly studied topic.

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