scholarly journals La Rinascita. L’opera di Bruno Morassutti a San Martino di Castrozza nell’alveo del suo tempo

ARCHALP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Surface ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Wise Use ◽  
Large Window ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Holiday Home ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Living Area

"The twin houses of San Martino di Castrozza constitute the beginning of an activity that led Bruno Morassutti to engage with the Alpine theme throughout his activity: at the beginning there were the two small, twin houses (1954-1957), then he moved on to a large family holiday home (1957-1958), both with Angelo Mangiarotti, and then he experimented with the “Fontanelle” in the 1960s. The traditional stylistic features in the houses of San Martino find a balance, a grace and an elegance that, over sixty years later, do not cease to convince. The restoration of San Martino is measured in a balanced relationship between empty and full, in continuity with the elements that characterize the alpine architecture and the wise use of the materials offered by the territory: wood and stone. The two buildings, identical but individually distinct, thanks to two simple movements of flanking and staggering, are characterized by a solid stone masonry that draws two L-shaped walls. The masonry, strongly anchored to the ground, is counterbalanced towards the valley by a large window in wood and glass that spreads over two levels and guarantees lighting and direct views of the surrounding landscape from the living area. The link with the rural architecture of the area is well summarized, in addition to the materials, by the typologically relevant elements including the traditional symmetrical pitched roof with the structural warp in fir trunks. The roof, detached from the perimeter walls, is supported by wooden columns and partitions, a refined compositional choice that generates an unusual glass surface."

scholarly journals Comparing the socialist rural architecture of the Baltic States: the past and the future of the administrative-cultural centres of collective farms.

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 11004
Author(s):  
Laura Ingerpuu
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Collective Farming ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Collective Farms

Collectivisation of agriculture in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania was a drastic change that shaped rural built landscapes of the Baltic countries for five decades. Although Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been independent states, and collective farming has been abolished for almost thirty years now, the physical legacy of collective farms still exists. This paper examines what are the present processes in terms of preservation and valorisation of collective farm architectural heritage in the Baltic States. The focus of the analysis is on the administrativecultural buildings of the collective farms, built between the 1960s and 1990s, which represent the modernist and postmodernist rural architectural gems. I compare the context of the establishment of the administrative-cultural centres in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania as well as developments in reuse and protection of these buildings after the abolishment of collective farming. I also analyse today's situation in terms of acceptance of this socialist legacy as a meaningful part of the history. My study is based on the field work in the relevant countries, available literature and data, and interviews conducted with the heritage conservation experts and researchers in this field.

scholarly journals Detailhandel på museum. Om arbejdet med Den Gamle Bys butikker og gademiljø.

Kulturstudier ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Guldmann Andersen ◽  
Allan Leth Frandsen
Keyword(s):  
Retail Trade ◽  
World War ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
New Town ◽  
Large Window ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres ◽  
Wide Assortment

<p>I 2002 besluttede Den Gamle By at fortælle 1900-tallets Danmarkshistorie ved at udvide museet med to nye bykvarterer – et 1927-kvarter og et 1974-kvarter. Indtil da havde museet i al væsentlighed arbejdet med 16-, 17- og 1800-tallets historie, og der forestod (og forestår) derfor et stort arbejde med vidensopsamling og -generering i form af forskning og undersøgelser om den moderne bys udseende. Da detailhandelen er en meget synlig nyskabelse i den moderne by i forhold til de perioder, museet allerede præsenterer, var behovet for viden på ikke mindst dette område af stor betydning. I artiklen giver vi et overblik over 1900-tallets butiksudvikling i Danmark, og vi gør rede for de undersøgelser, der er gået forud for etableringen af butikkerne i Den Gamle Bys nye bykvarterer.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>In connection with the development of two new town districts – for 1927 and 1974 respectively – at the open-air museum, Den Gamle By (”The Old Town”)  in Århus, its staff undertook a number of studies, one of which concerned the history of  retail trade in Denmark.</em></p><p><em>Retail trade is an important factor in the formation of the modern urban streetscape. Urbanisation and industrialisation prompted an increase in shops from the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century onwards. By the end of World War 1, retailing had developed from merchant’s houses offering a wide assortment of goods, to strictly specialised shops.</em></p><p><em>In tandem with this development, the visual appearance of the shops in the streetscape changed: from being next to invisible, marked only by a discrete sign on the wall around 1850, to the almost obtrusively large window sections, glossy advertisements and rich illumination of the interwar shop fronts.</em></p><p><em>The retail trade continued to develop significantly in the 20<sup>th</sup> century: from relatively small establishments of independent grocers, greengrocers, butchers and bakers to large supermarkets offering all such goods under one roof. Consequently, food shops were largely replaced by service enterprises. From the 1960s onwards, the pedestrian streets in the city centres, as well as the assemblages of large supermarkets and other businesses on the outskirts, came to characterise the larger cities.</em></p>

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Companion Animal Pets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Jean Dodds
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis ◽  
The 1960S

Coronaviruses belong to a large family of related viruses that can infect and cause diseases of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of mammals and birds [1-8]. The human strains were first identified in the 1960s and were the cause of common colds, which could lead to bronchitis and pneumonia [1-3]. Coronaviruses are zoonotic microbes that can jump between species and are transmitted between animals and people [3,4]. For example, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS -CoV) of 2003 was transmitted by civet cats to humans, and the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-Co-V) of 2012-2018 had the dromedary camel as an intermediate host [1,2]. The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID -19 disease of 2019-2020 is believed to have been transmitted by bats, and not as originally thought by some to have arisen from certain snakes and ant-eating pangolins [4-6].The beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak that began in the Wuhan area of China in late 2019 has 70% genetic similarity to SARS-CoV and 96% similarity to a bat coronavirus, or even to a chimera of the two viruses [9]. The current spread of COVID-19 disease is a result of human to human transmission [3,4]. Most symptoms are mild but they can develop into severe respiratory infections in elderly people and those with compromised immunity (e.g, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and diabetes) [3]. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 infection of COVID-19 disease has been proven by gene sequencing to have evolved naturally as a mutation and was not a lab-constructed or purposely manipulated virus [9]. Regarding the alpha-coronaviruses of animals, the bovine and canine strains developed from a common ancestor in about 1950 [7,8]. These viruses were recognized in veterinary medicine to cause pathological conditions since the early 1970s. All have been intestinal (enteric) infections except for avian (mostly chicken) infectious bronchitis, which also targets the urogenital tract [7]. For dogs, there are two coronaviruses, the most common form that can cause mild gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and a different rare respiratory form [7].In cats, feline coronavirus is mainly a mild enteric infection, but it can undergo spontaneous mutation in some cats to cause feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) with high morbidity and mortality. In other species, the porcine coronavirus causes transmissible gastroenteritis, and both the bovine and porcine viruses cause diarrhea in young animals. Ferrets, rabbits, rats, and mice are also infected. In bats, the most closely related coronavirus diverged from SARS in 1986 [3,4].

scholarly journals POSTANARCHISM AS A PHILOSOPHY OF RADICAL POLITICS

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Radical Politics ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Left Movement

The article presents the postanarchist conceptualization of radical politics. The methodology of this study was a critical analysis and use of historical and philosophical methods, the method of contextualism, the method of discursive analysis. In connection with the intensification of protest movements, including those aimed at combating the omnipotence of the state, the spread of the ideology of anti-globalization is growing theoretical interest in anarchism. Anarchism today is not the only political doctrine. This is a large family of like-minded people, united by hostility to uncontrolled power, distrust of the hierarchy and optimistic belief in the ability of ordinary people to control their lives and organize social relations on the basis of freedom, equality and solidarity. In the framework of the announced “anarchist turn”, anarchism is manifested as the basis of radical policy in recent times. The theoretical foundations of modern anarchism remain poorly understood. Modern political radicalism is based on a certain philosophy, which in a new way substantiates the ideas and actions in the socio-political sphere, aimed at radical change of existing social institutions. This is a philosophy of action, struggle, protest. Postanarchism is seen as a new view of radical politics. The features of philosophical essentialism as the basis of conceptual modeling in classical anarchism are formulated. Postanarchism is presented as a philosophy that avoids essentialism, its tools are analyzed. The connection between the left movement of the 1960s and modern post-capitalist movements is analyzed. Political theory here is further developed, ceases to be abstract, filled with human meaning. Within the framework of the “anarchist turn” there is a gradual destruction of the main stereotypes or narratives about anarchism (about its theoretical insolvency, unscientificity, utopianism) formed over many years in literature and public opinion. It is proved that the theory of anarchism is constantly evolving and updated over time in order to find solutions to acute social, political and economic problems. The author sees the prospects of post-anarchism in its political philosophy, which has certain values. In the modern era, such a philosophy was supplanted by positivist political science in theory and for the triumph of moral nihilism and relativism in practice. The obtained results allow us to find out what distinguishes modern anarchism as a movement and philosophy from the left movements of the past and the features of the theoretical language of description of the modern protest movement.

Home, sweet home

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
Hildi Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

As a child, on visits to Finland in the 1960s and '70s, I was constantly amazed by the way people lived. At home, in the Yorkshire army officer's quarter where we lived, I barely encountered the modern, let alone the really comfortable. Designed before the First World War for a large family plus servants and animals – the accommodation included a scullery, butler's pantry, paddock and orchard – our house was huge, rambling and uncomfortable not to mention freezing cold in the rainswept, windswept northern winters.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Improving x-ray map resolution with image restoration techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Richard B. Mott ◽  
John J. Friel ◽  
Charles G. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Small Object ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mapping Parameters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Map Resolution

X-rays are emitted from a relatively large volume in bulk samples, limiting the smallest features which are visible in X-ray maps. Beam spreading also hampers attempts to make geometric measurements of features based on their boundaries in X-ray maps. This has prompted recent interest in using low voltages, and consequently mapping L or M lines, in order to minimize the blurring of the maps.An alternative strategy draws on the extensive work in image restoration (deblurring) developed in space science and astronomy since the 1960s. A recent example is the restoration of images from the Hubble Space Telescope prior to its new optics. Extensive literature exists on the theory of image restoration. The simplest case and its correspondence with X-ray mapping parameters is shown in Figures 1 and 2.Using pixels much smaller than the X-ray volume, a small object of differing composition from the matrix generates a broad, low response. This shape corresponds to the point spread function (PSF). The observed X-ray map can be modeled as an “ideal” map, with an X-ray volume of zero, convolved with the PSF. Figure 2a shows the 1-dimensional case of a line profile across a thin layer. Figure 2b shows an idealized noise-free profile which is then convolved with the PSF to give the blurred profile of Figure 2c.

Crystal chemistry of high-Tc superconductors

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1119
Author(s):  
Maryvonne Hervieu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Copper Oxides ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bismuth Cuprates ◽  
New Compounds

Four years after the discovery of superconductivity at high temperature in the Ba-La-Cu-O system, more than thirty new compounds have been synthesized, which can be classified in six series of copper oxides: La2CuO4 - type oxides, bismuth cuprates, YBa2Cu3O7 family, thallium cuprates, lead cuprates and Nd2CuO4 - type oxides. Despite their quite different specific natures, close relationships allow their structures to be simply described through a single mechanism. The fifth first families can indeed be described as intergrowths of multiple oxygen deficient perovskite slabs with multiple rock salt-type slabs, according to the representation [ACuO3-x]m [AO]n.The n and m values are integer in the parent structures, n varying from 0 to 3 and m from 1 to 4; every member of this large family can thus be symbolized by [m,n]. The oxygen deficient character of the perovskite slabs involves the existence or the co-existence of several types of copper environment: octahedral, pyramidal and square planar.Both mechanisms, oxygen deficiency and intergrowth, are well known to give rise easily to nonstoichiometry phenomena. Numerous and various phenomena have actually been characterized in these cuprates, strongly depending on the thermal history of the samples.

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