scholarly journals To what extend corruption and free-riding behavior affect technical and Water Use efficiencies of small scale irrigated farms.

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Supply Shortage

This paper examines irrigation management within the Tunisian Water Users Association (WUA),in Nadhour public irrigated area (central of Tunisia). The functioning of 14 WUAs was evaluated based on questionnaires and related interviews. The methodology of this study consists of two main steps; (i) an estimation of technical efficiency scores of 90 smallholder farmers and the sub-vector of WUE (Water Use efficiency) using the non-parametric DEA model, (ii) a regression of a Tobit model to test the hypothesis regarding explanatory variables of differentiated technical efficiency scores. The investigation shows an average technical efficiency of 70.8% and WUE of 64.8%. It highlighted the Water turn, the infrastructure state, the water supply shortage, corruption, and free-riding behaviors as tightly correlated factors with farm’s productivity. This suggests that there is potential to improve production efficiency by implementing targeted programs and rules for inefficient farmers. The findings of this study show that it is important to fight corruption in the water sector by an increased government oversight, reform of regulations, and increased accountability

scholarly journals Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Markose Chekol Zewdie ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
Daregot Berihun Tenessa ◽  
Zemen Ayalew Ayele ◽  
Jan Nyssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

In the past decade, to improve crop production and productivity, Ethiopia has embarked on an ambitious irrigation farming expansion program and has introduced new large- and small-scale irrigation initiatives. However, in Ethiopia, poverty remains a challenge, and crop productivity per unit area of land is very low. Literature on the technical efficiency (TE) of large-scale and small-scale irrigation user farmers as compared to the non-user farmers in Ethiopia is also limited. Investigating smallholder farmers’ TE level and its principal determinants is very important to increase crop production and productivity and to improve smallholder farmers’ livelihood and food security. Using 1026 household-level cross-section data, this study adopts a technology flexible stochastic frontier approach to examine agricultural TE of large-scale irrigation users, small-scale irrigation users and non-user farmers in Ethiopia. The results indicate that, due to poor extension services and old-style agronomic practices, the mean TE of farmers is very low (44.33%), implying that there is a wider room for increasing crop production in the study areas through increasing the TE of smallholder farmers without additional investment in novel agricultural technologies. Results also show that large-scale irrigation user farmers (21.05%) are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation user farmers (60.29%). However, improving irrigation infrastructure shifts the frontier up and has a positive impact on smallholder farmers’ output.

Does cooperative membership impact the yield and efficiency of smallholder farmers? Evidence from potato farmers in Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ahado ◽  
Jiří Hejkrlík ◽  
Anudari Enkhtur ◽  
Tserendavaa Tseren ◽  
Tomáš Ratinger
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of agricultural cooperative membership on potato production and technical efficiency.Design/methodology/approachA combination of propensity score matching technique and sample selection stochastic frontier framework that addresses potential selection bias due to observable and unobservable attributes is used to estimate the effect of participation between cooperative members and non-members. Using a stochastic meta-frontier approach, the technical efficiency of farmers was estimated and compared.FindingsThe empirical results show that the effect of participation in agricultural cooperatives is associated with increased yield and technical efficiency. A comparison of group-specific frontiers indicates that cooperative members perform better than non-members. Cooperative membership decisions is significantly associated with household and farm characteristics (e.g. education, participation in off-farm work, total farmland, distance to market and geographic location).Practical implicationsThe findings of this study demonstrate that cooperative organisations can be an important tool to enhance the productivity and efficiency of smallholder farmers. Successful cooperative models together with training programs designed to enlighten farmers on the importance and tangible benefits of collective action should be used to enlarge participation in cooperative organisations. In addition, governments and development agencies should implement targeted investment and capacity building programs related to irrigation management, gender-sensitive awareness and development of the internal institutional mechanisms in cooperatives for the transfer of knowledge and mutual learning so that all members benefit from cooperatives.Originality/valueDespite the pervasive evidence of the impact of cooperatives on productivity and technical efficiency in the Asian region, this study is probably the first attempt in the crop sector in Mongolia. It provides a rigorous empirical analysis of the impact of agricultural cooperative membership on potato production and technical efficiency through a counterfactual design.

scholarly journals Inclusive participation, self-governance, and sustainability: Current challenges and opportunities for women in leadership of communal irrigation systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 251484862093471
Author(s):  
Laura Imburgia ◽  
Henny Osbahr ◽  
Sarah Cardey ◽  
Janet Momsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Current Water

Genuine inclusive participation in the self-governance of communal irrigation systems remains a challenge. This article analyses the mechanisms of participation in irrigation water users’ associations (WUAs) with focus on women as leaders of those organizations by drawing on cases from a comparative, multicase mixed-method study in Ethiopia and Argentina. After having being a topic for decades in gender and development debates, in many irrigated areas of the world, WUAs continue to be male dominated at all levels, especially in influential positions. Findings in this article suggest that despite large socio-economic and cultural differences, the current water management systems in both research locations reinforce problems of unequal gender participation; women have more obstacles and constraints in establishing equal access in membership, participation, and decision making in irrigation management. The lack of inclusive participation and the low representation of women in leadership roles lead to WUAs being poorly rooted in their community of users. Incomplete social rootedness of WUAs jeopardizes their effectiveness and equality in water management and, as a result, affects long-term sustainability. Through analysis of empirical data of communal small-scale irrigation systems in both countries, the article discusses who participates, how and why they participate, and the reasons for low numbers of women in leadership roles within the WUAs. Finally, the article reflects on possible enabling conditions that could foster inclusive participation, increase the quantity and capacity of women in management and leadership roles, and the benefits this may bring to sustainable irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Effisiensi Produksi Industri Skala Kecil Batik Semarang: Pendekatan Fungsi Produksi Frontier Stokastik

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngatindriatun Ngatindriatun ◽  
Hertiana Ikasari
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
High Price ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Production Function ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
Frontier Production Function

Batik is known since 17th century. In 2009, UNESCO took batik as the world heritage. Likewise, Batik Semarang. Batik Semarang is unpopular than other batik’s products on Central Java. Their productivity is on small scale and only for environment surroundings. The small productivity causes the high price on their product selling. The aims of this research are to estimate the function of production and technical efficiency of batik Semarang. Sample is 67 owners of small scale batik Semarang industry. Analysis instrument is Stochastic Frontier Production Function. The measuring of production efficiency are material, support material, labor force, instruments, kerosene, firewood, and large of trade location. The result shows that free variable is found significant and have an appropriate signal. Other result shows that technical efficiency of batik Semarang industry is 88, 9%

scholarly journals Efficiency of small scale vegetable farms: policy implications for the rural poverty reduction in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Shrestha ◽  
W.-Ch. Huang ◽  
S. Gautam ◽  
T.G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Parametric Data

Poverty and hunger reduction are intertwined challenges and enduring issues in the world, particularly in developing countries. Improvement in the efficiency in vegetable farming helps the farmers increase the per capita income, reduce poverty and eventually improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This paper evaluates economic efficiency of vegetable farms in Nepal using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. The results show evidence to suggest that vegetable farms in Nepal have a considerable potential for improving the vegetable production efficiency with a greater access to improved seed, agricultural credit, and training and extension services. Some policies options with regard to the vegetable production technology, and support services for farmers in general and women farmers in particular, are suggested to increase the farm efficiency. While some of these support services are currently available, we suggest that a more focus be given to creating the improved market access, to the women focused extension, and to training packages for the sustainable production. These support services can lead to increases in the farm income and to reduce poverty.

WATER REQUIREMENTS OF IRRIGATED SOYBEANS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. HOBBS ◽  
H.-H. MUENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Seasonal Water Use

Field experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1982 in southern Alberta to determine the seasonal water use of soybeans. Soil moisture was determined every 5–6 days throughout the growing season and irrigation water was applied when soil moisture tension in the top 30 cm reached −40 kPa, with an additional treatment of −60 kPa for 1980 and 1981. Seasonal water use in a year of normal growth (1980) varied from 426 to 482 mm for the drier and wetter treatments, respectively. The drier treatments in 1980 and 1981 resulted in more efficient use of water. Low early-season water use with peak use after full pod development (R4) was defined. Water use peaked in late July to early August with a requirement of 7 mm/day. Small changes in seed quality, tending towards higher protein and lower oil under wetter conditions, are corroborated in the literature. The possibility of integrating crop and cultivar selection with appropriate irrigation management to improve production efficiency in southern Alberta is discussed. The late-peak water requirement of soybeans combines well with the early-peak use of cereal crops to ensure efficient seasonal irrigation management.Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., évapotranspiration, seed protein, seed oil

scholarly journals Performance of Smallholder Soybean Farmers in Ghana; Evidence from Upper West Region of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Akabo Asodina ◽  
Faizal Adams ◽  
Fred Nimoh ◽  
Bright Owusu Asante ◽  
Amos Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Elasticity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
West Region ◽  
Production Practices

Abstract The economic importance of soybean towards poverty alleviation and food security is gaining wider popularity and common acceptance among smallholder farmers in sub-Sahara Africa, especially in Ghana. Commercial soybean cultivation is relatively new in Ghana; hence it has recently benefited from several productivities enhancing innovation/technologies. However, despite these efforts, productivity has remained low. This paper investigates factors affecting production efficiency among commercial soybean farmers, across the three commercial districts of the Upper West region of Ghana. A cross-sectional data collected from 271 soybean farmers were used to investigate technical efficiency of soybean production. The overall mean technical efficiency estimate is 59% with a scale elasticity of 0.89-indicating a huge scope for efficiency improvement. The result shows that, factors affecting technical efficiency are dependent on the farmer’s socioeconomic status. With the existing technology and production recourses, soybean farmers can improve their current levels of soybean production by 41% through the adoption of best production practices.

scholarly journals Analysis on Efficiency and Influencing Factors of New Soybean Producing Farms

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Yanqi Wang ◽  
Xiuyi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Soybean Price ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

The efficiency of new soybean producers is of great importance to the agricultural development of China. Based on the survey data of some counties (cities) in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the efficiency of new soybean producers in these regions is calculated by means of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. Then, the Tobit model is used to select relevant explanatory variables to study the factors affecting the production efficiency, and relevant conclusions and suggestions are put forward. The results show that (1) in 2017, the new soybean producers’ average technical efficiency of soybean production in the research samples was 0.618, of which the average pure technical efficiency was 0.680 and the average scale efficiency was 0.872; (2) factors such as the degree of education, the soybean planting area, the degree of mechanization, and the soybean sales channel have positive impacts on the efficiency of new soybean producers, while the ones such as the stability of the soybean price, the difficulty in obtaining soybean market information, and the implementation of the soybean subsidy policy have negative impacts.

scholarly journals The Extent, Dynamics, and Potential Predictors of Technical Efficiency and Capacity Utilisation in Small-Scale Fisheries in Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED AL-SIYABI ◽  
SHEKAR BOSE ◽  
HUSSEIN AL-MASROORI
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Capacity Utilisation ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

This paper investigates the extent, dynamics, and factors influencing technical efficiency (TE) and capacity utilisation (CU) in small-scale fisheries (SSF) using a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach covering the period 2010–2012. A considerable extent of boat-level technical inefficiency, capacity underutilisation and scale inefficiency were evident. On average, TE and CU levels under the constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) models declined over time. The TE and CU scores of 2010 remained unaltered with the addition of ‘fishing time’ as an input to the model. The proportion of boats with unitary scale efficiency (SE) decreased from 26 % in 2010 to 12 % in 2012. The underutilisation rates of the inputs ‘crew’ and ‘fishing time’ ranged from 15.5 % to 31.6 % and 15.8 % to 28.6 %, respectively. Among the species category, the extent of excess capacity was 70 % to 156 % and 47 % to 119 % under the CRS and VRS models, respectively. The second-stage DEA results indicated that the explanatory variables ‘fishing location’, ‘catch per unit of effort’ (CPUE), ‘fuel costs’ and ‘crew share’ significantly influenced CU under the CRS model. In contrast, the significant influence of subsidies and other operating costs were noted under the VRS model. For the TE case, ‘age’, ‘education’, ‘subsidy’ and ‘CPUE’ were found to be significant under the CRS and VRS models. Other significant variables were found in the study under CRS and VRS models. Finally, the results from the descriptive and empirical analysis under the two-stage DEA model are discussed together with policy implications.

Participation in the Water Body Irrigation Management in Saline Zone in West Bengal in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wietze Lise ◽  
Sebak Kumar Jana ◽  
Siddhartha Manna
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hired Labor ◽  
Saline Zone

This study analyzes farmers’ participation in irrigation management for small scale irrigation through water bodies in a saline zone in India. Principal Component Analysis shows that key decision variables of farmers are (i) strength of decision making body, (ii) water body quality and maintenance, (iii) water sharing fairness and (iv) water sufficiency. Regression analysis indicates that the farmers’ participation increases with variables like membership of water users’ association, proximity to the market, possession of agricultural assets, hired labor in the family, higher shares of aman paddy and vegetable crops, existence of fish cultivation. Four non-cooperative participation games were estimated and the results show that sharing of water body irrigation benefits among the farmers is not harmonious.

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