Formation of the Belarusian University as a National and State Project

Belarusian history is woven of a multitude of events and processes that defy unambiguous assessment. First of all, this refers to their political component: the Belarusian lands and population for more than a thousand years belonged to states that had nothing in common with the Belarusian ethnos in their names. However, it was this ethnic community that was a most important component of Ancient Rus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. It becomes clear that in the educational and scientific environment, as well as in the general intellectual sphere, the ancestors of Belarusians were somewhat outshadowed, which today motivates them to prove their priorities to their neighbors in the West and the East. It was only in the revolutionary upheavals of early 20th century that the Belarusian statehood began to form. And the most important factor in its approval was the first university – the Belarusian State University. The article is devoted to the consideration of its formation in the conditions of 1917–1921, the transformation of the original idea into a fully functioning educational and scientific organism. On the basis of archival material and little-known facts, an attempt is made to show that the university, as a state project, contributed to the strengthening of the Belarusian state, and its activities fully experienced all political and national demands and outlooks. In support of this, the article quotes examples of strict adherence of the BSU staff to all state guidelines, which primarily aimed at the continuous improvement of the educational process, at the training of professionals for the most important spheres of the national economy of the republic. The university strengthened its human potential, paying special attention to the development of fundamental and applied science (not only physics, mathematics, chemistry, and biology but also philosophy, history, and philology). In the 1920s, its scientists and students were in demand as disseminators of state plans among urban and rural population. A special place in the activities of the university was the policy of Belarusianization, which gave both an obvious positive effect and led to negative consequences. As a result, the author concludes that the two key words of the name of the university initially contained the ideas of its national, ethnic. and state affiliation and mission, which BSU strictly follows at the present time.