scholarly journals Potential Carbon Storage of Rubber Plantations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onofre S. Corpuz ◽  
Esmael L. Abas ◽  
For. Crissante Salibio
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Actual Field

The study was conducted at the three Municipalities of Cotabato province Southern Philippines between January to May 2011. The study aimed at determining the Carbon budget of the different age rubber plantation through field sampling and modeling. Actual field measurement of dbh, were done for the estimation of above-below ground biomass. The major carbon pools, such as above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, litter and understory vegetation were added and multiplied with 45% default value by IPCC to obtained the carbon density in Mt/ha. The total estimated biomass of the rubber plantation in Antipas were 103.91Mt/ha (10 years) and 573.21Mt/ha (20 years) with carbon density of 46.79Mt/ha and 257.95mt/ha respectively. For the Arakan plantation, the following were revealed in the estimation: (a). the 40 year plantation has total biomass of 1041.54Mt/ha biomass (468.69Mt/ha C), (b). the 11 year plantation has 158.79Mt/ha biomass (71.46Mt/ha C), (c). the 35 year plantation has total biomass of 246.23Mt/ha (110.8Mt/ha Carbon density), and (d). the 12 year plantation has 355.60Mt/ha biomass (160.02Mt/ha C). In Matalam Cotabato, the two different age rubber plantations has an estimated biomass density of 149.47Mt/ha in 8 years with 67.26 Mt/ha C and 70.82Mt/ha biomass density for the 6 year old plantation with 31.87 Mt/ha C.The soil organic carbons found in each plantation were: Antipas; 100.25t/ha (10 years) and 203.54t/ha (20 years), Arakan; 202.55t/ha (40 years), 142.67t/ha (11 years), 86.1t/ha (35 years) and 129.53t/ha (12 years), Matalam; 53.32t/ha (8 years) and 62.04t/ha in the 6 year plantation. T-test reveals significant differences of the biomass and carbon density of the rubber plantation with respect to age range (6-12 years and 20-40 years). This implies that biomass production and carbon storage potentials of rubber plantation is very much dependent on plantation age. Pearson regressioncorrelation analysis of the carbon density of each plantation with carbon pools found to be highly significant.

scholarly journals Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerong Wang ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Naiqian Guan ◽  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

Estimasi Kandungan Biomassa dan Karbon di Hutan Mangrove Perancak Kabupaten Jembrana, Provinsi Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryono Suryono ◽  
Nirwani Soenardjo ◽  
Edi Wibowo ◽  
Raden Ario ◽  
Edi Fahrur Rozy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Carbon Store ◽  
Lower Carbon

Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai penyerap dan penyimpan karbon. Mangrove menyerap CO2 pada saat proses fotosintesis, kemudian mengubahnya menjadi karbohidrat dengan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa pada akar ,pohon, serta daun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui total above ground biomass, belowground biomass, simpanan karbon atas, simpanan karbon bawah, dan karbon organik pada sedimen dasar  di Hutan Mangrove Perancak, Jembrana, Bali. Sampling dilakukan dengan  metode purposive sampling dengan dasar pertimbangan berupa jenis, kerapatan serta diameter pohon mangrove. Estimasi biomassa digunakan  metode tanpa pemanenan dengan mengukur diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) mangrove. Simpanan karbon diestimasi dari 46% biomasa. Kandungan karbon organik pada sedimen diukur dengan  menggunakan metode lost on ignition (LOI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total above ground biomass sebesar 187,21 ton/ha, below ground biomass sebesar 125,43 ton/ha, simpanan karbon atas sebesar 86,11 ton/ha, simpanan karbon bawah sebesar 57,69 ton/ha, sedangkan  karbon organik sedimen sebesar 359,24 ton/ha. The mangrove ecosystem has ecological functions as an absorber and carbon storage. Mangrove absorbs CO2 during the process of photosynthesis, then changes it into carbohydrates bystoring it in the form of tree biomass. The aim of this research is to know the total of above ground biomass, below ground biomass, upper carbon storage, lower carbon storage, and sediment organic carbon in Perancak Mangrove Forest, Jembrana, Bali. The selection of sampling location using purposive sampling method with consideration of type, density and diameter of mangrove. The estimatorion of biomass using the method without harvesting by measuring diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) mangrove. Carbon deposits are estimated from46% of biomass. The organic carbon content of sediment was measured using the lost on ignition (LOI) method. The results showedthat  the total of above ground biomass of 187.21 ton / ha, below ground biomass 125,43 ton / ha, upper carbon store of 86,11 ton / ha, lower carbon store of 57,69 ton / ha, and organic carbon sedimen to 359.24 tons / ha.

scholarly journals Effect of anthropogenic disturbances on biomass and carbon storage potential of a dry tropical forest in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Pawar ◽  
Lalji Singh ◽  
M. K. Jhariya ◽  
K. P. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Girth Class ◽  
Disturbed Site

The forests of Chhattisgarh are very well known for its species richness, diversity, biomass, carbon stock and productivity. The present study was carried out at Katghora forest division under Bilaspur circle of Korba district, Chhattisgarh considering three sites viz., least, moderately and highly disturbed site to estimate biomass and carbon storage in relation to anthropogenic disturbances. For collection of data quadrats were selected under stratified random sampling design. For enumeration of tree and saplings ten quadrats of 10 m × 10 m were laid and each species counted separately. The tree density varies from 100-510 stems ha-1 across study sites. Total biomass in the present study was between 127.69 t ha-1 and 227.71 t ha-1. Total above ground biomass was between 111.20 t ha-1 and 199.42 t ha-1, whereas total below ground biomass varied from 16.49-28.29 t ha-1, respectively. The total carbon storage across the sites were ranged from 55.125 to 98.548 t C ha-1 found higher under least disturbed site and lowest under medium disturbed site. Carbon storage pattern according to girth class followed the similar trend of distribution as was in the case of biomass. It has least proportion in small girth class and maximum storage under the higher girth class. It is evident from the study that disturbances have significant impact on density, vegetation diversity, biomass accumulation and carbon storage pattern. Conservation affords are required to control on disturbances and for the natural recovery of forest ecosystem.

scholarly journals Cálculo y valoración del almacenamiento de carbono del humedal altoandino de Chalhuanca, Arequipa (Perú)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Alvis-Ccoropuna ◽  
◽  
José Francisco Villasante-Benavides ◽  
Gregory Anthony Pauca-Tanco ◽  
Johana del Pilar Quispe-Turpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Type Device ◽  
Below Ground

High Andean wetlands are important ecosystems due to their ecosystem services. Carbon storage is a result of the low decomposition rate due to flooded soils and low temperatures. Consequently, this study estimated the carbon content stored in the high Andean wetland of Chalhuanca and calculated the economic value of this service. For this purpose, 30 samples were taken at random, establishing three carbon pools: aboveground biomass (leaves and stems), belowground biomass (roots), and organic soil. The samples were obtained with an auger-type device; each sample was dried at 65°C for at least 24 hours and the carbon content was determined using the Walkey-Black method and calculations and statistical tests were performed. The total carbon stored in relation to the area of the wetland was approximately 795,415.65 tons of CO2. The fraction of carbon per sample is higher in aerial biomass (49%), followed by organic soil (43.1%) and below ground biomass. On the other hand, the amount of carbon stored differs significantly between reservoirs, since organic soil stores the highest amount with 218.3 TC/ha (90%), followed by below-ground biomass (roots) with 19.7 TC/ha (8%), and above-ground biomass (leaves and stems) with 4.8 TC/ha (2%). Finally, the ecosystem service of carbon storage amounts to a cost of 6462.18 USD/ha, 5703132.34 USD in sum.

Organic carbon storage in the biomass and soils of hedgerows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Drexler ◽  
Axel Don
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

<p>The establishment of hedgerows as traditional form of agroforestry in Europe is a promising strategy to promote carbon sinks in the context of climate change mitigation. However, only few studies quantified the potential of hedgerows to sequester and store carbon. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to gain a quantitative overview about the carbon storage in the above- and below-ground biomass and soils of hedgerows.</p><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) data of hedgerows and adjacent agricultural fields of nine studies with 83 hedgerow sites was compiled. On average, the establishment of hedgerows on cropland increased SOC by 32%. No significant differences were found between the SOC storage of hedgerows and that of grassland. The literature survey on the biomass carbon stocks of hedgerows resulted in 23 sampled hedgerows, which were supplemented by own biomass data of 49 hedgerows from northern Germany. Biomass stocks increased with time since last coppicing and hedgerow height. The mean (± SD) above-ground biomass carbon stock of the analysed hedgerows was 48 ± 29 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>. Below-ground biomass values seemed mostly underestimated, as they were calculated from above-ground biomass via fixed assumed root:shoot ratios not specific for hedgerows. Only one study reported measured root biomass under hedgerows with a root:shoot ratio of 0.94:1 ± 0.084. With this shoot:root ratio an average below-ground biomass carbon stock of 45 ± 28 Mg C ha<sup>-1 </sup>was estimated, but with high uncertainty.</p><p>Thus, the establishment of hedgerows on cropland could lead to a SOC sequestration of 1.0 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> over a 20-year period. Additionally, up to 9.4 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> could be sequestered in the hedgerow biomass over a 10 year period. In total, hedgerows store 106 ± 41 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> more C than croplands. Our results indicate that organic carbon stored in hedgerows is similar high as in forests. We discuss how the establishment of hedgerows, especially on cropland, can thus be an effective option for C sequestration in agricultural landscapes, meanwhile enhance biodiversity, and soil protection.</p>

scholarly journals Allometric equations for total, above- and below-ground biomass and carbon of the Amazonian forest type known as campinarana

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia P.I.B. WOORTMANN ◽  
Niro HIGUCHI ◽  
Joaquim dos SANTOS ◽  
Roseana P. da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Biomass Equations ◽  
Below Ground

ABSTRACT The Amazon forest comprises many different forest types, amongst them are campinas and campinaranas, which occur on Amazonian sandy soils, representing 2.65% of Amazonian territory. An understanding of the ecology and quantification of the environmental goods and services of campinaranas is key to their conservation. Based on a direct method to estimate biomass and carbon content of campinarana, we harvested and weighted 89 trees and other forest components in ten randomly allocated plots of 100 m2 (10 x 10 m) and 11 additional trees outside the plots. The data allowed us to describe how biomass is distributed amongst campinarana vegetation and amongst tree compartments. We developed allometric equations to estimate the total, above- and below-ground biomass and carbon stock of this forest type. We used a Weibull function to test if the diameter distribution of the individual trees sampled was consistent with the diameter distribution of the forest type. We also tested if terra-firme forest biomass equations could be used to estimate campinarana biomass, and whether a correction factor based on dominant height would reduce the error from these estimates. Allometric equations are considered to be the most reliable and rapid method for calculating forest biomass, and are used in forest management and climate change studies. These are the first total biomass equations developed for central Amazonian campinaranas. The best fitted allometric equation for total fresh biomass was: ln (Total Biomass) = -1.373 + 2.546 * ln DBH (R ² = 0.98, Sxy% = 4.19%).

scholarly journals Structure and biomass accumulation of natural mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES G. KAIRO ◽  
MICHAEL NJOROGE GITHAIGA ◽  
KIPLAGAT KOTUT ◽  
FRANCIS KARIUKI
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Gazi Bay

Abstract. Githaiga MN, Kotut K, Kariuki F, Kairo JG. 2019. Structure and biomass accumulation of natural mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya. Bonorowo Wetlands 9: 18-32. The goal of this study was to determine the forest structure and estimate biomass accumulation above and below ground in the mangrove forest of Gazi Bay. The western, middle, and eastern forest blocks of the Gazi Bay mangrove forest were investigated for forest structure, whereas the western forest block was determined for biomass accumulation. To calculate below-ground biomass accumulation, in-growth cores of 80 cm long, 20 cm broad, and 60 cm deep were employed. Above-ground biomass accumulation was calculated using data on tree height and stem diameter at breast height (DBH-130). Leaf phenology was observed by tagging shoots. At the start, environmental variables were measured every four months for a year across four mangrove species zones. The linear regeneration sampling approach was used to determine the composition and distribution pattern of natural regeneration (LRS). Salinity revealed a strong negative connection with above-ground biomass accumulation among the soil environment characteristics studied. Sonneratia alba had the highest biomass accretion rate of 10.5 1.9 t ha-1 yr-1 among the four forest zones. Rhizophora mucronata (8.5 0.8 t ha-1 yr-1), Avicennia marina (5.2 1.8 t ha-1 yr-1), and Ceriops tagal (2.6 1.5 t ha-1 yr-1) were the next most abundant species. Above-ground and below-ground biomass accumulation differed significantly among zones (F (3, 8) = 5.42, p = 0.025) and (F (3, 8) = 16.03, p = 0 001), respectively. There was a significant difference in total biomass accumulation across zones (F (3, 8) =15.56, p = 0.001). For the entire forest, a root : shoot biomass accumulation ratio of 2 : 5 was calculated. This study's findings provide more accurate estimates of mangrove carbon capture and storage, which can be used in carbon credit discussions in the emerging carbon market.

scholarly journals Variability Assessment for Volume, Biomass and Carbon Stock in Cedrus deodara (Roxb) G.Don. Forests of Garhwal Himalaya

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Rathod Digvijaysinh ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Gaurav Chand Ramola ◽  
Dhaval Prajapati ◽  
C. S. Dhanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Ground Biomass

Deodar is typically gregarious and is usually found in pure stands. It is one of the most important timber species in the forests of North Indian Himalayas. The objective of the present study was the assessment of variation in volume and biomass along with the carbon holding capacity of different deodar forests. The present study was undertaken in ten different forests sites, assessed by laying out three 0.1 ha sample plots randomly on each location. Total enumeration of trees within the sample plot was done by measuring girth and height of all the trees. Further, data collected from stand were computed for dbh, basal area, volume, stand density and canopy cover. The above ground biomass densities (AGBD), below ground biomass density (BGBD), total biomass density (TBD), total carbon density (TCD) were examined for variation of biomass and carbon stock. The results derived from field data during the study revealed that the values range from 42.10 to 57.07 cm (diameter at breast height), 1.37 to 2.84 m2 trees-1 (basal area), 19.68 to 37.64 m (height), 1.44 m3 tree-1 to 4.27 m3 tree-1 (volume), 227 to 407 individual ha-1 (stand density) and 57.91% to 80.60% (canopy cover) respectively. The values of AGBD (428.57 to 1279.51 Mg ha-1), BGBD (97.41 to 256.14 Mg ha-1), TBD (525.98 to 1535.65 Mg ha-1), and TCD (767.83 to 262.99 Mg ha-1) were recorded in different study sites and highest values was observed in Kanasar-I site. On the basis of above results it can be concluded that the healthy stand growth means presence of trees in all diameter classes. The Kanasar-I has more prominent capacity to storage biomass and carbon stock. Deodar being a slow growing conifer will provide a long term and high carbon storage than broadleaf species forest. Therefore, protecting deodar forest would have the largest impact, per unit area, on reducing carbon emission from deforestation.

scholarly journals Biomass Production and Nutrient Accumulation by Natural Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Wild. Ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. Clones in a Humid Tropical Area in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Kannattuvadakkethil Krishnankutty Ambily ◽  
Arumugham Ulaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Below Ground

Natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Wild. Ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. is an important commodity crop grown in world over for industrial raw material rubber latex for various products, mainly tyre manufacturing. Hevea propagation is through clones evolved by breeding as cultivars with desired characters. This article presented the biomass and nutrient accumulation of four important Hevea clones viz. RRII 105, RRII 118, RRII 203 and GT1 at 30 years age. Biomass and nutrient concentration of tree components viz. trunk, branches, leaf and root were assessed by uprooting the trees in the field and standing trees using allometric equation. Among the different clones, RRII 118 and GT1 recorded higher biomass compared to RRII 105 and RRII 203. Above-ground biomass (88-93 per cent) varied more than below-ground biomass (7-11 per cent). The high yielding clones had higher leaf and root biomass. Drought tolerant and timber clones viz. RRII 118 and RRII 203 recorded higher K and high yielding clone RRII 105 had higher Ca accumulation. Biomass removal of these clones may lead to deficiency of K and Ca in soil and hence needs the external supplements. The relation of high Ca content and leaf disease of fungal origin is promising for further studies. The higher accumulation of iron and manganese indicated the tolerance of Hevea to these elements and possibility of phytoremediation. The per cent contribution of nutrients to total biomass varied less between clones and was below 3 percent at the age of 30 years and this is evidence of adjustments in proportions of nutrients in Hevea irrespective of clonal variations.

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