scholarly journals Pharmacological Review on Uricosuric activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Bandi Somasekhar ◽  
Kaipa Vanaja ◽  
Veeram Anjali
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Uricosuric Agents ◽  
The Common ◽  
Uricosuric Agent

The naturally available uricosuric agents are Tinospora cardifolia, Allium sepa, Cajanus Cajan, Piper nigrum etc., Natural medicinal plants having no side effects are more preferred when compared to synthetic medications. Uricosuric agents increase the urinary excretion of uric acid hence the natural uricosuric agent is preferred to prevent many diseases like gout, arthritis, kidney stones etc., without side effect. Uricosuric medications are the substances that increase the excretion of uric acid in urine, thus reducing the concentration of uric acid in blood plasma. Prolonged and untreated hyperuricemia results into gout, a severe inflammatory condition. Sustain hyperuricemia leads to impaired blood pressure control, renal impairment and nephropathy. The common factors for deposition of uric acid in blood are drinking alcohol and taking high purine diet. The various screening methods for the uricosuric activity are uricosuric activity in mice, Potassium oxonate induced activity, and Phenol red excretion methods are explained in this review.

scholarly journals Sex differences in response to allopurinol and benzbromarone in gout: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frouwke Veenstra ◽  
Sophie A C Wanten ◽  
Lise M Verhoef ◽  
Minke ter Stal ◽  
Wing-Yee Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Uricosuric Agents ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Uricosuric Agent

Abstract Objective Owing to lower mean uric acid excretion in women compared with men, uricosuric agents might be preferred in women over xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. We therefore investigated the differences in response to two urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) with different modes of action within and between sexes. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with a clinical diagnosis of gout who started allopurinol and/or benzbromarone. The successful response to ULT, defined as reaching a serum uric acid (sUA) target of <0.36 mmol/l within 6 months after commencing ULT, was compared between allopurinol and benzbromarone in women and men. Effect modification by sex on differences in response was evaluated. Results Allopurinol was started in 255 women and 1045 men, and benzbromarone in 60 women and 205 men. After 6 months, the proportions of women reaching the sUA target were 58.4% and 66.7% for allopurinol and benzbromarone, respectively (difference, −8%; 95% CI: −22%, 5%). The respective proportions in men were 61.0% and 75.6%, respectively (difference, −15%; 95% CI: −21%, −8%). Corrected for confounding, the odds ratio (OR) of reaching the target on benzbromarone vs allopurinol within women was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.47, 1.75), and within men 1.55 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.32). Corrected for confounding, sex was not an effect modifier of the difference in allopurinol and benzbromarone response (OR, 0.59; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.24). Conclusion This study did not demonstrate between-sex differences regarding the response to either a uricosuric agent or an XO inhibitor, negating different treatment choices by sex.

scholarly journals N-soliton solutions and the Hirota conditions in (1 + 1)-dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Xiu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Common Factors ◽  
Soliton Solutions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Kdv Equations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bilinear Formulation ◽  
Generalized Kdv Equations ◽  
Hirota Bilinear

Abstract We analyze N-soliton solutions and explore the Hirota N-soliton conditions for scalar (1 + 1)-dimensional equations, within the Hirota bilinear formulation. An algorithm to verify the Hirota conditions is proposed by factoring out common factors out of the Hirota function in N wave vectors and comparing degrees of the involved polynomials containing the common factors. Applications to a class of generalized KdV equations and a class of generalized higher-order KdV equations are made, together with all proofs of the existence of N-soliton solutions to all equations in two classes.

scholarly journals A Spatial Panel Structural Vector Autoregressive Model with Interactive Effects and Its Simulation

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 883
Author(s):  
Yaqing Liu ◽  
Hongbing Ouyang ◽  
Xiaolu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Model ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
The Common ◽  
Structural Vector Autoregressive Model ◽  
Structural Vector

The existing spatial panel structural vector auto-regressive model can effectively capture the time and spatial dynamic dependence of endogenous variables. However, the hypothesis that the common factors have the same effect for all spatial units is unreasonable. Therefore, incorporating time effects, spatial effects, and time-individual effects, this paper develops a more general spatial panel structural vector autoregressive model with interactive effects (ISpSVAR) that can reflect the different effects of common factors on different spatial units. Additionally, based on whether or not the common factors can be observed, this paper proposes procedures to estimate ISpSVAR separately and studies the finite sample properties of estimators by Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed ISpSVAR model and its estimation procedures.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Chronic Hyperuricemia: An Evidence-Based Update

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero ◽  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Masanari Kuwabara ◽  
Claudio Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Uricosuric Agents ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

This article aims to critically review the evidence on the available therapeutic strategies for the treatment of hyperuricemia. For this reason, several papers were reviewed. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are the safest and most effective uric acid lowering drugs for the management of chronic hyperuricemia, while the efficacy of uricosuric agents is strongly modulated by pharmacogenetics. Emergent drugs (lesinurad, peglotidase) were found to be more effective for the acute management of refractory hyperuricemia, but their use is supported by a relatively small number of clinical trials so that further well-designed clinical research is needed to deepen their efficacy and safety profile.

Determinants of total factor productivity in Visegrad Group Nuts-2 regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Danska-Borsiak
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Orthogonal Transformation ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Visegrad Group

This article attempts to estimate the total factor productivity (TFP) for 35 NUTS-2 regions of the Visegrad Group countries and to identify its determinants. The TFP values are estimated on the basis of the Cobb-Douglas production function, with the assumption of regional differences in productivity. The parameters of the productivity function were analysed with panel data, using a fixed effects model. There are many economic variables that influence the TFP level. Some of them are highly correlated, and therefore the factor analysis was applied to extract the common factors – the latent variables that capture the common variance among those observed variables that have similar patterns of responses. This statistical procedure uses an orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components. Each component is interpreted using the contributions of variables to the respective component. I estimated a dynamic panel data model describing TFP formation by regions. An attempt was made to incorporate the common factors among the model’s explanatory variables. One of them, representing the effects of research activity, proved to be significant.

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