Mouse Models of Osteoarthritis: A Summary of Models and Outcomes Assessment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Drevet ◽  
Bertrand Favier ◽  
Emmanuel Brun ◽  
Gaëtan Gavazzi ◽  
Bernard Lardy
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Multidimensional Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Compilation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multidimensional health problem and a common chronic disease. It has a substantial impact onpatient quality of life and is a common cause of pain and mobility issues in older adults. The functional limitations, lack of curative treatments, and cost to society all demonstrate the need for translational and clinical research. The use of OA models in mice is important for achieving a better understanding of the disease. Models with clinical relevance are needed to achieve 2 main goals: to assess the impact of the OA disease (pain and function) and to study the efficacy of potential treatments. However, few OA models include practical strategies for functional assessment of the mice. OA signs in mice incorporate complex interrelations between pain and dysfunction. The current review provides a comprehensive compilation of mousemodels of OA and animal evaluations that include static and dynamic clinical assessment of the mice, merging evaluationof pain and function by using automatic and noninvasive techniques. These new techniques allow simultaneous recordingof spontaneous activity from thousands of home cages and also monitor environment conditions. Technologies such as videographyand computational approaches can also be used to improve pain assessment in rodents but these new tools must first be validated experimentally. An example of a new tool is the digital ventilated cage, which is an automated home-cage monitor that records spontaneous activity in the cages.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

scholarly journals AB0602 IMPACT OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS ON PAIN AND FUNCTION IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1337.2-1337
Author(s):  
T. W. Swinnen ◽  
M. Willems ◽  
I. Jonkers ◽  
F. P. Luyten ◽  
J. Vanrenterghem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Background:The personal and societal burden of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) urges the research community to identify factors that predict its onset and progression. A mechanistic understanding of disease is currently lacking but needed to develop targeted interventions. Traditionally, risk factors for KOA are termed ‘local’ to the joint or ‘systemic’ referring to whole-body systems. There are however clear indications in the scientific literature that contextual factors such as socioeconomic position merit further scientific scrutiny, in order to justify a more biopsychosocial view on risk factors in KOA.Objectives:The aims of this systematic literature review were to assess the inclusion of socioeconomic factors in KOA research and to identify the impact of socioeconomic factors on pain and function in KOA.Methods:Major bibliographic databases, namely Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cochrane, were independently screened by two reviewers (plus one to resolve conflicts) to identify research articles dealing with socioeconomic factors in the KOA population without arthroplasty. Included studies had to quantify the relationship between socioeconomic factors and pain or function. Main exclusion criteria were: a qualitative design, subject age below 16 years and articles not written in English or Dutch. Methodological quality was assessed via the Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomized (ROB-II) and non-randomized intervention studies (ROBIN-I) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of non-randomised studies. Due to heterogeneity of studies with respect to outcomes assessed and analyses performed, no meta-analysis was performed.Results:Following de-duplication, 7639 articles were available for screening (120 conflicts resolved without a third reader). In 4112 articles, the KOA population was confirmed. 1906 (25%) were excluded because of knee arthroplasty and 1621 (21%) because of other issues related to the population definition. Socioeconomic factors could not be identified in 4058 (53%) papers and were adjusted for in 211 (3%) articles. In the remaining papers covering pain (n=110) and/or function (n=81), education (62%) and race (37%) were most frequently assessed as socioeconomic factors. A huge variety of mainly dichotomous or ordinal socioeconomic outcomes was found without further methodological justification nor sensitivity analysis to unravel the impact of selected categories. Although the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was the most popular instrument to assess pain and function, data pooling was not possible as socioeconomic factors estimates were part of multilevel models in most studies. Overall results showed that lower education and African American race were consistent predictors of pain and poor function, but those effects diminished or disappeared when psychological aspects (e.g. discrimination) or poverty estimates were taken into account. When function was assessed using self-reported outcomes, the impact of socioeconomic factors was more clear versus performance-based instruments. Quality of research was low to moderate and the moderating or mediating impact of socioeconomic factors on intervention effects in KOA is understudied.Conclusion:Research on contextual socioeconomic factors in KOA is insufficiently addressed and their assessment is highly variable methodologically. Following this systematic literature review, we can highlight the importance of implementing a standardised and feasible set of socioeconomic outcomes in KOA trials1, as well as the importance of public availability of research databases including these factors. Future research should prioritise the underlying mechanisms in the effect of especially education and race on pain and function and assess its impact on intervention effects to fuel novel (non-)pharmacological approaches in KOA.References:[1]Smith TO et al. The OMERACT-OARSI Core Domain Set for Measurement in Clinical Trials of Hip and/or Knee Osteoarthritis J Rheumatol 2019. 46:981–9.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

The impact of cognitive and behavioural change on quality of life of caregivers and patients with ALS and other neurological conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burke ◽  
Miriam Galvin ◽  
Sinead Maguire ◽  
Niall Pender ◽  
Orla Hardiman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive and behavioural changes are relatively common in patients with ALS, but often receive less emphasis than the loss of physical strength and function. There is extensive literature on the impact of cognitive and behavioural changes on Quality of Life (QoL) in caregivers and the patients themselves in a variety of other neurological conditions, the implications of which are directly applicable in many respects to ALS. Based on this information, a number of intervention strategies may be employed, including psycho-educational and psychotherapeutic interventions, group-based support services, cognitive stimulation/training, and multidisciplinary interventions, among others. Specific strategies can be used to manage cognitive and behavioural dysfunction in patients, and may serve to improve the QoL of patients and caregivers, while lessening caregiver burden.

scholarly journals Considerations for the Development of Innovative Foods to Improve Nutrition in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Lutz ◽  
Guillermo Petzold ◽  
Cecilia Albala
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
The Impact

The population of older adults is growing globally. This increase has led to an accumulation of chronic illnesses, so-called age-related diseases. Diet and nutrition are considered the main drivers of the global burden of diseases, and this situation applies especially to this population segment. It relates directly to the development of coronary heart disease, hypertension, some types of cancer, and type 2 diabetes, among other diseases, while age-associated changes in body composition (bone and muscle mass, fat, sarcopenia) constitute risk factors for functional limitations affecting health status and the quality of life. Older adults present eating and swallowing problems, dry mouth, taste loss, and anorexia among other problems causing “anorexia of aging” that affects their nutritional status. The strategies to overcome these situations are described in this study. The impact of oral food processing on nutrition is discussed, as well as approaches to improve food acceptance through the design of innovative foods. These foods should supply a growing demand as this group represents an increasing segment of the consumer market globally, whose needs must be fulfilled.

scholarly journals Perception of parents and caregivers regarding the impact of malocclusion on adolescents’ quality of life: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Guimarães Abreu ◽  
Camilo Aquino Melgaço ◽  
Mauro Henrique Abreu ◽  
Elizabeth Maria Bastos Lages ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parents And Caregivers

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this article was to assess the perception of parents and caregivers regarding the impact of malocclusion on adolescents’ oral health -related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of a sample of 280 parents/caregivers of 11 and 12-year-old adolescents who answered the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ). Parent-assessed quality of life of adolescents was the dependent variable. The main independent variable was adolescents’ malocclusion which was diagnosed by means of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Based on DAI cut-off points, adolescents were classified into four grades of malocclusion, with different orthodontic treatment recommendations assigned to each grade: no need/slight treatment need, elective treatment, highly desirable treatment and mandatory treatment. Adolescents’ age and sex, as well as family monthly income, were considered as confounding variables. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Of the 280 parents/caregivers initially accepted in this study, 18 refused to answer the P-CPQ. Therefore, 262 individuals participated in this assessment, providing a response rate of 93.5%. The severity of adolescents’ malocclusion was significantly associated with a higher negative impact on parents’/caregivers’ perception on the oral symptoms (p< 0.05), functional limitations (p < 0.001), emotional well-being (p < 0.001), and social well-being (p < 0.001) subscale scores as well as on the overall P-CPQ score (p < 0.001), even after having been adjusted for the controlling variables. Conclusions: Parents/caregivers reported a negative impact of malocclusion on adolescents’ OHRQoL. Increased severity of malocclusion is associated with higher adverse impact on OHRQoL.

scholarly journals Impact of Internet Aided Self-Managed Teams On Quality of Work-Life and Performance

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Dean Elmuti
Keyword(s):  
Work Life ◽  
Quality Of Work Life ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Life Attitudes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The impact of participation in an Internet aided self-managed (IASM) teamsprogram on employee quality of work life attitudes, and on performance was studiedamong employees in a manufacturing firm for a 36-month period. The attitudinalresults indicate that IASM teams improved participants' quality of work life. Theperformance results document a positive and substantial impact on employeeproductivity, efficiency, quality, and overall performance. However, implementationof IASM teams is a complex task that requires time and commitment of resources toreap potential rewards. In addition, the research findings suggest that using thisprogram gives employees the authority to act and make decisions on their own, makingtheir jobs more demanding and challenging at the same time.

scholarly journals Study protocol of comprehensive risk evaluation for anorexia nervosa in twins (CREAT): a study of discordant monozygotic twins with anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Seidel ◽  
Stefan Ehrlich ◽  
Lauren Breithaupt ◽  
Elisabeth Welch ◽  
Camilla Wiklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mz Twins

Abstract Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe disorder, for which genetic evidence suggests psychiatric as well as metabolic origins. AN has high somatic and psychiatric comorbidities, broad impact on quality of life, and elevated mortality. Risk factor studies of AN have focused on differences between acutely ill and recovered individuals. Such comparisons often yield ambiguous conclusions, as alterations could reflect different effects depending on the comparison. Whereas differences found in acutely ill patients could reflect state effects that are due to acute starvation or acute disease-specific factors, they could also reflect underlying traits. Observations in recovered individuals could reflect either an underlying trait or a “scar” due to lasting effects of sustained undernutrition and illness. The co-twin control design (i.e., monozygotic [MZ] twins who are discordant for AN and MZ concordant control twin pairs) affords at least partial disambiguation of these effects. Methods Comprehensive Risk Evaluation for Anorexia nervosa in Twins (CREAT) will be the largest and most comprehensive investigation of twins who are discordant for AN to date. CREAT utilizes a co-twin control design that includes endocrinological, neurocognitive, neuroimaging, genomic, and multi-omic approaches coupled with an experimental component that explores the impact of an overnight fast on most measured parameters. Discussion The multimodal longitudinal twin assessment of the CREAT study will help to disambiguate state, trait, and “scar” effects, and thereby enable a deeper understanding of the contribution of genetics, epigenetics, cognitive functions, brain structure and function, metabolism, endocrinology, microbiology, and immunology to the etiology and maintenance of AN.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Minireview: Abnormal uterine bleeding in users of rivaroxaban and apixaban

Hematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 538-541
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Jacobson-Kelly ◽  
Bethany T. Samuelson Bannow
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Up to two-thirds of menstruating women experience abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) when treated with oral anticoagulants. However, the true prevalence of AUB for specific agents remains uncertain, as many of these episodes, while interfering significantly with quality of life and overall health, are not captured by definitions of major bleeding (MB) or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) used in clinical trials. A 2017 systematic review determined that women taking rivaroxaban, but not edoxaban or apixaban, had a twofold higher risk of AUB than women taking warfarin. Since then, new data have become available from extension trials, cancer-associated venous thromboembolism trials, pediatric trials, and a few observational studies specifically examining AUB as an outcome. Reported rates of uterine CRNMB were low (around 1%) and similar for rivaroxaban and apixaban in all these studies, and no episodes of uterine bleeding meeting MB criteria were reported. Rates of AUB not meeting MB or CRNMB criteria were much higher, affecting up to 50% of women on rivaroxaban. Only 1 such study included women on apixaban, and no AUB was reported. In pediatric trials, 19% of girls experienced menorrhagia when treated with rivaroxaban. In conclusion, rates of uterine MB and CRNMB were low in all studies, but rates of other types of AUB not meeting these criteria ranged from 15.8% to 50%. We conclude that AUB is underreported due to the limitations of MB/CRNMB criteria despite its substantial impact on quality of life. We urge future investigators to include broader definitions of AUB to better capture the impact of this outcome in menstruating women treated with oral anticoagulants.

Monitoring the Progressing Glaucoma Patient – What Are the Challenges?

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Karolien Termote ◽  
Thierry Zeyen ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Glaucoma Patient ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Diagnosing glaucoma progression is complex. It is essential to assess both structure and function to detect progression. Establishing a reliable baseline is crucial in this process. A functional baseline requires repeated visual field testing. Documentation of the optic disc appearance is necessary for the acquisition of the structural baseline. This can be achieved by the complementary modes of both clinical and imaging devicebased optic disc documentation. Imaging-based methods to assess progression and rate of progression are likely to prove important in the future, but currently more guidance for their use in clinical practice is required. Rate of progression provides important information about the risk of vision loss. Guidelines therefore recommend determining the rate of progression for the individual patient when planning management. Adherence issues need to be addressed before changing treatment strategy, since poor compliance may play a considerable role in the progression of disease in many patients. In conclusion, we must strive to improve the management of glaucoma to limit the impact disease progression has on the patient’s quality of life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document