Effects of Maternal Fenbendazole on Litter Size, Survival Rate, and Weaning Weight in C57BL/6J Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina L Hicks ◽  
Elysia Roche ◽  
James D Wilkerson ◽  
Krista E Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Animal Medicine ◽  
Environmental Decontamination ◽  
And Behavior

Fenbendazole is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole commonly used in laboratory animal medicine as an anthelmintic for elimination of pinworms. This drug is generally regarded as safe, with minimal side effects. Some data in rodent species indicate multiple physiologic effects of fenbendazole, including changes in immune parameters and behavior, but no studies to date have evaluated possible effects on reproduction in mice. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of several treatment regimens of fenbendazole on reproductive parameters in C57BL/6J mice. Uninfected mice were given fenbendazole-treated feed continuously or every other week until pups were born or weaned. This treatment also was combined with environmental decontamination. No significant differences in litter size, survival rate, or weaning weight were detected between groups. Under the conditions of this study, fenbendazole treatment does not affect reproduction in C57BL/6J mice.

scholarly journals 269 Effects of high phytase supplementation in lactation diets on sow and litter performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Batson ◽  
Hilda I Calderon Cartagena ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 109 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of increasing phytase concentration in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. On d 107 of gestation, sows were blocked by body weight and parity and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments of increasing phytase concentration (0, 1,000, or 3,000 FYT/kg; Ronozyme HiPhos 2700; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ). The control diet contained no phytase and was formulated to contain 0.50% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P; 0.45% available P) and 0.62% STTD calcium (0.90% total Ca). The same STTD P and Ca concentrations were formulated for the phytase diets considering a release of 0.132 STTD P and 0.094 STTD Ca in both diets. Diets were fed from d 107 of gestation until weaning (d 18 ± 2). Litters were cross-fostered within treatment until 48 h post-farrowing to equalize litter size. Linear and quadratic response to phytase concentration was evaluated using the lmer function in R. There was no evidence for difference in sow body weight change, farrowing performance, wean-to-estrus interval, or litter size among dietary treatments. Sow average daily feed intake from farrowing to weaning tended to increase (linear, P=0.093) as phytase increased. Although not significant (linear, P =0.226), farrowing duration decreased as phytase increased. Litter weaning weight increased (quadratic, P=0.039) and overall litter gain increased (quadratic, P=0.047) with 1,000 FYT of phytase. In summary, sow feed intake tended to increase linearly with increasing phytase; however, feeding 1,000 FYT/kg maximized overall litter gain and weaning weight. This small-scale study suggests sow and litter performance benefits due to high inclusions of dietary phytase; however, a commercial trial with more sows is warranted to confirm these results.

scholarly journals PSIX-19 The impact of piglet nursing location along the sow udder line on piglet gain and subsequent weaning weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Shannon L Dierking ◽  
Harold J Monegue ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract Piglet weaning weight is a critical factor that influences post-weaning growth and performance. Weaning weight is a function of birth weight and the amount and nutrient density of the milk consumed during lactation. Milk production is influenced by sow mammary gland development and diet consumption but may also be a biological function of teat location along the udder line. The objective of this study was then to determine the effects of piglet nursing location along the udder on overall piglet gain and weaning weight. A total of 1,078 individual piglets were observed during the nursing period at three time points during lactation. The teat pairs along the udder line were labeled from anterior to posterior (1-7, respectively) to define nursing location. At the end of the lactation period, the observed piglet nursing location was evaluated for both actual weaning weight and overall piglet weight gain during lactation. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance with the statistical model utilizing litter size as a covariate. As expected, when litter size was utilized as a covariate, there was a significant effect on piglet weaning weight (P < 0.0001), and there was both a linear and quadratic effect of location (L, P < 0.0001; Q, P = 0.0009) on both weaning weight and lactation piglet gain. Heavier piglets were weaned from more anterior teats (teat pairs 1-4), with the numerically heaviest piglets weaned from teat pair 4 (6.12 kg), with the lowest weight piglets being weaned from teat pair 7 (5.17 kg). Piglet weight gain during lactation was impacted by litter size (P < 0.0001), but nursing location did not affect lactation weight gain (P = 0.57). Due to the differences in piglet weights at weaning, it can be concluded that piglet nursing location influences overall piglet weaning weight.

scholarly journals The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
S. Kramarenko ◽  
◽  
A. Kramarenko ◽  
S. Lugovoy ◽  
D. Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Size Type

The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs The aim of this study was to determine the effect of some important factors influencing on the birth and weaning weight variability in lambs. Data from 2603 ewes was included in the analysis, where 3961 lambs were obtained during the five years of the research. Data was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the GLM procedure of Minitab Release 13.1. Our results presented significant influence on the year of lambing, breed, ram genotype, age of a dam, type of a birth (litter size), sex of a lamb and on the birth weight and weaning weight of lambs. Keywords: birth and weaning weight of lambs; ram genotype; year of lambing; age of ewes; litter size (type of birth); sex of a lamb; the Ascanian fine-fleece breed.

scholarly journals Effect of parity on reproductive performance sows of different breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
R. Klimas ◽  
A. Klimienė ◽  
W. Sobotka ◽  
W. Kozera ◽  
P. Matusevičius
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parity on reproductive performance by sows of different breeds. The sows were raised on three farms, and had seven or more litters of not fewer than seven piglets. A total of 1511 litters from various parities of Lithuanian White (N =721), Large White (N = 162) and Landrace (N = 628) sows were contained in the data that were used in this study. Multiparous sows had larger litters than primiparous sows. Piglet survival rate declined from parity 7. An increase in litter size was observed until parity 5 in Large White and until parity 6 in improved Lithuanian White (P <0.05). In comparison with parity 1, Landrace sows up to parity 5 showed not only increased prolificacy, but also increased number and litter weight of piglets at 21 days old, and the number and litter weight of weaned piglets (P <0.01). The current findings indicate that sows of these breeds can be used effectively in breeding herds until parity 5 and parity 6.Keywords: Landrace, Large White, Lithuanian White, litter size

The Influence of Fatness and Fat Change on the Performance of Breeding Gilts

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
P.R. Eastham ◽  
C.T. Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
High Level

Weight gains can occur with substantial fat losses and therefore liveweight change is unlikely to form the basis of feeding strategies, whereas the fatness of the animal may be a more appropriate criterion. Eighty Large White x Landrace gilts were first mated at 123.5 kg ± 1.54 with a P2 of 14.5 mm ± 0.24 [Meritronics] and 12.7 mm ± 0.19 (Vetscan]. Half these gilts were fed to be fat [F] at parturition [target 20-24 mm P2) and half were fed to be thin [T] [target 10-14 mm P2). F gilts consumed more feed during pregnancy and gained more weight and backfat than T gilts [all differences between the 2 treatments were significant P˂0.001). The number of piglets born and the number of live births were not affected by feeding gilts to be fat or thin, but fat gilts produced significantly heavier piglets. After parturition, half of both F and T gilts were offered either 7 kg of food per day [H] or 3 kg per day [L] and half were sucked by litters of 5 piglets and half by litters of 10 piglets during a 28 day lactation. Piglets were not given creep feed. Fatness of the gilts at parturition, feed level during lactation and sucking litter size all significantly influenced both the absolute and the change in liveweight and backfat from farrowing to weaning. Weight and P2 changes are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The performance of the litter was also significantly affected by the fatness of the gilt at parturition and by the number of piglets sucking. Results for each treatment group are given in Table 1. Animals offered the high level of feed during lactation had a significantly shorter interval between weaning and conception. There were also positive relationships between readiness to rebreed and absolute liveweight and absolute fatness.

The effect of energy or protein supplementation on embryo survival rate in ewes

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
M.G. Diskin ◽  
J.P. Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Embryo survival rate is a major factor determining litter size and overall reproductive efficiency in sheep. In sheep, as ovulation rate increases the proportion of embryos surviving decreases. There is evidence, from cattle, that feeding a rumen-undegradable protein supplement enhances embryo survival rate. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect on embryo survival rate in high prolific ewes of feeding an energy or protein supplement.

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