The Influence of Fatness and Fat Change on the Performance of Breeding Gilts

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
P.R. Eastham ◽  
C.T. Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
High Level

Weight gains can occur with substantial fat losses and therefore liveweight change is unlikely to form the basis of feeding strategies, whereas the fatness of the animal may be a more appropriate criterion. Eighty Large White x Landrace gilts were first mated at 123.5 kg ± 1.54 with a P2 of 14.5 mm ± 0.24 [Meritronics] and 12.7 mm ± 0.19 (Vetscan]. Half these gilts were fed to be fat [F] at parturition [target 20-24 mm P2) and half were fed to be thin [T] [target 10-14 mm P2). F gilts consumed more feed during pregnancy and gained more weight and backfat than T gilts [all differences between the 2 treatments were significant P˂0.001). The number of piglets born and the number of live births were not affected by feeding gilts to be fat or thin, but fat gilts produced significantly heavier piglets. After parturition, half of both F and T gilts were offered either 7 kg of food per day [H] or 3 kg per day [L] and half were sucked by litters of 5 piglets and half by litters of 10 piglets during a 28 day lactation. Piglets were not given creep feed. Fatness of the gilts at parturition, feed level during lactation and sucking litter size all significantly influenced both the absolute and the change in liveweight and backfat from farrowing to weaning. Weight and P2 changes are shown in Figures 1 and 2. The performance of the litter was also significantly affected by the fatness of the gilt at parturition and by the number of piglets sucking. Results for each treatment group are given in Table 1. Animals offered the high level of feed during lactation had a significantly shorter interval between weaning and conception. There were also positive relationships between readiness to rebreed and absolute liveweight and absolute fatness.

Comparative farrowing to weaning performance in Meishan and Large White pigs and their crosses

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
C. S. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Breed Differences

AbstractGrowth and survival from birth to weaning were monitored during three generations of crossbreeding between British Large White (LW) and Chinese Meishan (MS) pigs. The design allowed comparisons between sow genotypes ranging from zero to all MS genes, which were mated toLWor MS boars, to produce progeny with proportions of 0·0 to 0·5 or 0·5 to 1·0 MS genes, respectively. Crossbreeding parameters of both maternal and direct piglet performance were estimated for the first two parities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods for litter traits (litter weight at birth, litter mean and within litter standard deviation of piglet weight at birth, proportion surviving to weaning, litter size and weight at weaning and litter mean piglet weight at weaning) and for traits of the piglet (birth weight, probability of survival and weaning weight). For litter traits, the estimated contribution of the additive maternal effect to the breed differences (MS-LW) was significant for litter mean piglet birth weight (–0·46 (s.e. 0·04) kg), survival to weaning (0·15 (s.e. 0·02)), litter size at weaning (1·6 (s.e. 0·16) piglets), litter weaning weight (–11·2 (s.e. 3·8) kg) and litter mean piglet weaning weight (2·54 (s.e. 0·24) kg). Adding litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight to the model removed the additive maternal contribution to the breed differences in survival, and litter size and reduced that for litter mean piglet weaning weight. The contribution of the direct additive effect to the breed difference (MS-LW) was significant for the within litter standard deviation in birth weight (0·018 (s.e. 0·006)), survival to weaning (0·12 (s.e. 0·02)) and litter size (1·12 (s.e. 0·64)) and weight (11·6 (s.e. 4·0) kg) at weaning, but not for piglet weight at birth or weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean birth weight had comparatively little impact on the direct additive effects. There were significant maternal heterosis effects for litter weight at birth and litter size and weight at weaning, the estimated deviation of the F1 from the midpoint of the two purebreds 3·22 (s.e. 0·55) kg, 2·20 (s.e. 0·47) piglets, and 20·1 (s.e. 3·3) kg respectively, but none for survival or piglet weights. There were direct heterosis effects for litter weight and litter mean piglet weights, the estimated deviation of the Fjfrom the mid point of the two purebreds being 1·16 (s.e. 0·41) kg and 0·14 (s.e. 0·02) kg, for survival to weaning (0·04 (s.e. 0·02)) and for litter weight (11·2 (s.e. 2·5) kg) and litter mean piglet weight (0·96 (s.e. 0·17) kg) at weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight removed or reduced both maternal and direct heterosis effects. Individual piglet analyses gave similar results to analyses of the equivalent sow trait. It was concluded that in litters born to MS cows, the lower piglet survival and lower weaning weights were related to the larger litter sizes and lower piglet birth weights. For their birth weight, however, MS piglets have a greater ability to survive and thrive. The large direct and maternal heterosis effects observed for litter and mean piglet weight at weaning werepartly associated with the heavier birth weight of the crossbred piglet.

The effects of pattern of feed distribution during the reproductive cycle on the performance of sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThree groups of 10 Large White gilts were allocated on a littermate basis to 3 feeding regimes, for 3 successive pregnancies and lactations, to provide the following daily allowances: (A) 6 lb feed per day in pregnancy and 2 lb plus 1 lb per pig suckled in lactation; (B) the same total as (A) but given as 4 lb per day in regnancy and 6 lb plus 1 lb per pig suckled in lactation; (C) a lower overall allowance distributed during pregnancy as 5 lb during weeks 1, 2, 15 and 16, 3 to 5 lb during weeks 3, 4, 13 and 14 and 2 lb during weeks 5 to 12, and during lactation increasing by 1 lb per day to appetite or a maximum of 26 lb at the 21st day, and then decreasing by 1 lb every alternate day to a minimum of 5 lb. Creep-feed was provided ad libitum from 3 weeks of age until weaning at 8 weeks of age. Differences between groups in litter size and weight at birth were not significant but the combined measure of litter weight was significantly lower in C than in A and B (P<0·05); litter size (P<0·05) and litter weight (P<0·01) but not individual pig weight increased with parity. At 3 and 8 weeks of age there were no significant differences between groups in size or weight of litters or in individual pig weights. Pigs of Group C sows consumed significantly more (P< 0·001) creep feed (7 lb per head) than those of Groups A and B. Sows of Group A gained double the weight of Groups B and C during pregnancy (P<0001) and lost significantly more (P<0·001) during lactation; Groups B and C did not differ significantly in either respect. Efficiencies of feed conversion (EFC) of total food into total weight by sow and litter were poorest in Group A and best in Group C.

A preliminary study of the effects of the anthelmintic thiophanate (‘Nemafax’) on the breeding performance of sows naturally infested with Oesophagostomum spp

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
D. M. Baines ◽  
P. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Similar Comparison ◽  
The Third ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Median Dosage ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts

ABSTRACTThree trials were conducted on commercial premises using sows naturally infested with gastro-intestinal nematodes, primarily Oesophagostomum spp. In two trials the farrowing performance of sows treated approximately 7 days before farrowing with thiophanate (‘Nemafax’) in-feed at a median dosage of 62·5 mg/kg was compared with that of untreated controls. In the third trial a similar comparison was made between sows treated approximately 7 days before expected service and untreated controls. In all cases faecal egg counts indicated thiophanate was highly effective against the nematode burdens present. Administered pre-farrowing, thiophanate resulted in better pre-weaning weight gains and relatively lower creep feed consumptions of the piglets. This effect was most marked in the trial with a higher level of Oesophagostomum spp. infestation in the sows. Under similar circumstances, pre-service medication produced a response in terms of live piglets born and those surviving to weaning.

A note on correlations between milk production and milk composition of sows and the growth and haemoglobin of their pigs

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Veum ◽  
W. G. Pond ◽  
L. D. Van Vleck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Positive Correlations

Total milk yield of sows is positively correlated with litter size (Bonsma and Oosthuizen, 1935; Wells, Beeson and Brady, 1940; Smith, 1952; Allen and Lasley, 1960) even though the amount of milk obtained by each pig decreases with increasing litter size. Positive correlations between sow milk yield and the creep feed consumption of her litter and between weaning weight and milk production have been reported by Bonsma and Oosthuizen (1935), and by Allen and Lasley (1960). Braude (1964) has comprehensively reviewed the literature on the associations between litter size, birth weight and weaning weight. Ward, Rempel and Enfield (1964) reported a positive correlation between weaning weight and post-weaning growth rate in swine.

Effects of high inclusion levels of sugar beet pulp in diets for dry sows

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 126-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Edwards ◽  
A G Taylor ◽  
V R Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Large White ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Total

The dry sow is well suited to utilise high fibre diets and there are some suggestions that feeding such diets in pregnancy may enhance litter size and subsequent piglet performance. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects on performance of inclusion of a high level of fermentable fibre in the form of unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SBP) in the diet of dry sows.24 gilts and 20 multiparous Landrace x Large White sows were allocated to one of two diets according to weaning or entry date, parity and liveweight. The diets comprised a barley/soya basal diet with either 450 g/kg wheat (diet W) or SBP substituting for this wheat to provide the same quantity of corrected digestible energy (diet B). The two diets were fed at differential levels, to supply the same daily total of corrected digestible energy, from weaning or gilt entry until farrowing. The allocated amount of diet was given in a single daily feeding period to animals confined in individual feeding stalls, and a period of one hour was allowed for the ration to be consumed. After farrowing all animals were fed twice daily on a standard diet, according to a scale related to litter size.

Reproductive performance, body weight and body condition of breeding sows with differing body fatness at parturition, differing nutrition during lactation, and differing litter size

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yang ◽  
P. R. Eastham ◽  
P. Phillips ◽  
C. T. Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTOne hundred and two Large White × Landrace Fl hybrid sows were allocated over four parities in a factorial design to two levels of target P2 backfat thickness at parturition (20 mm, F v. 12 mm, T), two levels of lactation feeding {ad libitum, H v. 3 kg/day, L), and two sizes of sucking litter (six v. 10). Sows attained 13 mm P2 when first mated at 126 kg live weight. Fatness (P2, mm) at weaning was significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (14·2 v. 9·3), lactation feeding level (13·7 v. 10·0), and litter size (12·7 v. 11·0). Changes in backfat (P2, mm) during 28-day lactation were significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (—5·0 v. —2·5), lactation feeding (-2 0 v. —5·4), and litter size (—2·9 v. -4·6). Sow live weight (kg) at weaning was significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (211 v. 192), lactation feeding (218 v. 186), and litter size (208 v. 196). Changes in live weight (kg) during 28-day lactation were significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (—26 v. — 12), lactation feeding (—5 v. —31), and litter size (—12 v. —25). With multiparous sows only, total food intake during 28-day lactation was negatively related to total food intake in pregnancy. Change in backfat (P2, mm) during 28-day lactation = -0·28 - 0·27 P2 at parturition + 0·04 lactation food intake — 0·50 litter size. Change in live weight (kg) during 28-day lactation = -3·8 — 0·15 live weight post partum + 0·36 lactation food intake — 3·3 litter size. Sows with target fat levels of 20 mm P2 at parturition had better food conversion efficiencies than sows with target fat levels of 12 mm. Target fatness at parturition, and especially lactation food intake, but not litter size, significantly influenced the interval (days) from weaning to oestrus in parity 1 (9·1 v. 14·2 and 7·8 v. 15·3, but 11·6 v. 11·5), while n i subsequent parities only litter size influenced the interval (days) from weaning to oestrus (6·0 v. 8·0). Birth weight (kg) of piglets was influenced only marginally by target fatness at parturition (1·4 v. 1·2) in parity 1, and not by the other factors, or in subsequent parities. Piglet growth rate was affected by both target fatness at parturition and litter size, but by lactation feeding level only in the last week of lactation. The relationship between fatness at weaning (mm) and the weaning to oestrus interval (days) for primiparous sows can be expressed as 26·6 — 1·28 P2. High level feeding in lactation imparted production and efficiency benefit in both primiparous and multiparous sows, while pregnancy feeding to a target of 20 mm rather than 12 mm at parturition was of benefit for primiparous sows.

CONNECTION g.307 G > A SNP POLYMORPHISM OF THE ALPHA-FUKOZYLTRASFERAZA 1 GENE WITH ECONOMIC-USEFUL TRAITS IN THE LARGE WHITE PIG BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
H. S. Rudoman ◽  
V. M. Balatsky ◽  
V. Y. Nor ◽  
V. O. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
High Level

One of the top priorities at the present stage of development of pig breeding remains the development of a set of measures aimed at increasing the resistance animals to various diseases, especially – to colibacteriosis .One of the recent and effective approaches to prevent colibacillosis is using markers of selection; it involves pig genotyping by genome locuses. Chosen locuses are associated with animal sensitivity to the disease and selection of the results of genotyping of animals with increased resistance. Due to researches, one of such locuses is alpha-fukozyltrasferаza 1 gene (FUT1). Gene FUT1 is located in chromosome 6. As a result of its sequencing in the swine breeds of Large White and Swedish Landrace, single-nucleotide polymorphism (g.307 G > A SNP) has been detected. AA genotype determines the resistance of animals to colibacteriosis, while AG and GG genotypes are susceptible to this disease. According to the results of previous studies, the positive effect of allele A was determined not only on the resistance of pigs to colibacteriosis, but also on indicators of fattening and meat productivity and on reproductive performance. In Ukraine, the studies of polymorphism FUT1 g.307 G > A SNP were held fragmentedly and only on certain populations of Ukrainian Meat and Large White breed but without establishing its association with the indicators of productivity of pigs. The aim of our work was to study the genetic structure of Ukrainian Large White breeds, type 1 and the establishment of association. g. 307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with pigs indicators of productivity. For research the 96 samples of hair were used. DNA isolation from samples with biomaterial were carried out using ion exchange resin Chelex-100. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP by method of Jorgensen et al. (2006). Using DNA analysis of this breeds locus FUT1 was determined by genetic structure. Allele frequency of allele G (0,573) and allele A (0,427) was established The distribution of genotype frequencies was not statistically significantly different from the theoretically expected, calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg criterion. Thus, according to the locus of FUT1 g.307 G > A, the breeds investigated are in a state close to the genetic equilibrium. The negative value of the fixation index by the locus FUT1 g.307 G > A indicates an excess of heterozygotes in the population, and hence the lack of targeted selection for this marker. The valuation was performed by calculating the PIC (polymorphic information content) – information content of polymorphism marker. In the analyzed pig herd for this marker, the PIC has an average value (0,367), which indicates the high level of polymorphism of the given locus and is favorable for the possibility of conducting a search for links between individual genotypes and indicators of productivity. To establish the association g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with indicators of animal productivity, a one-way analysis of variance of the experimental data was used. Based on the results of a one-way analysis of variance, a significant effect of the genotypes of the FUT1gene (g.1849 G > C) on the indicator of the average daily weight gain (р ≤ 0,001), the thickness of the bacon at the level of the VI-VII vertebrae (p ≤ 0.01), reaching live weight of 100 kg (р ≤ 0,001) and breeding index of fattening qualities (р ≤ 0,01) was found. The parameter of the influence of the genetic factor on the test feature was 28,54%, 10,4%, 33,4% and 8,8% respectively. According to the investigated indicators of productivity, animals with genotype AA, which determines resistance to colibacteriosis, dominated the animals with genotypes GG and AG. Based on the results of our research and pre-published data, the multiple effect of the g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene is observed, which is associated with the indicators of productivity, which again confirms the polygenicity of the quantitative trait loci of farm animals. Taking into account a high level of polymorphism of the investigated gene and reliable associations of genotypes with indicators of productivity found, it can be recommended to carry out breeding of pigs using genetic information of the g.307 G > A SNP gene FUT1.

Effects of Buserelin on day of service or 12 days post service on farrowing rate and litter size to first service in outdoor sows and gilts

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
A.R. Peters ◽  
L.A. Dwyer ◽  
A. Dawson ◽  
P.A. Canham ◽  
J.D. Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prolonged Weaning ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Buserelin Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Infertility ◽  
Farrowing Rate

The problem of seasonal infertility in pigs has been recognised for many years. The infertility complex can may be manifested by increased returns to service, prolonged weaning to oestrus intervals and decreased litter size. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects of Buserelin treatment on fertility in sows and gilts during the seasonally infertile period.A total of 1231 mixed parity sows and gilts from five outdoor herds in East Anglia were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Any sows not presented for service at first post weaning oestrus were excluded. All sows and gilts judged to be in adequate health and condition to be kept in a commercial breeding herd were included. Group C sows and gilts were given no treatment. Group R1 sows and gilts were injected i.m. with 8μg Buserelin (2.0ml Receptal; Hoechst Roussel Vet UK Ltd) on the day of service.

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