scholarly journals Carbon dioxide fumigation of Thrips tabaci in export onions

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B.C. Page ◽  
M.J. Bendall ◽  
A. Carpenter ◽  
C.W. Van_Epenhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Air Control ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

As an alternative to chemical pesticides elevated carbon dioxide atmospheres were examined as a method for controlling thrips on export onions A replicated gas delivery system was used to deliver a constant supply of various concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) to thripsinfested onions within sealable bags Six CO2 treatments an air control and 15 30 45 60 and 100 CO2 (all in balance air) were applied for 6 12 24 48 and 72 h Mortality was 100 at CO2 concentrations of 30 or more after at least 24 h However the control treatments also had a high level of mortality and although there were significant differences between the control treatment and the CO2 treatments these differences were not large

scholarly journals Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on biology and morphometric parameters of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas infesting rice (Oryza sativa)

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GOURI SHANKAR GIRI ◽  
S. V. S. RAJU ◽  
S. D. MOHAPATRA ◽  
MUNMUN MOHAPATRA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

An experiment was conducted at Research Farm, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India to quantify the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on the biology and morphometric parameters of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, Pyralidae, Lepidoptera). Yellow stem borer is one of the major pest of rice in the whole rice growing regions of South East Asia. The effect of three carbon dioxide concentrations i.e. 410 ppm (ambient), 550 ppm and 700 ppm on the duration of the developmental period as well as morphometric parameters of each stage of the lifecycle of the pest was analysed. It was found that, there was an increase in the duration of the developmental period of each stage of life cycle as the concentration of CO2 increases. However, the life span of the adult moth was significantly lower under the elevated CO2 concentrations when compared with ambient CO2 concentration. Morphometric parameters viz., mean length, width and weight of each larval instar, pupa and adult were found to be significantly higher in elevated concentrations of CO2 as compared to ambient concentration.

scholarly journals Ocean warming and elevated carbon dioxide: multiple stressor impacts on juvenile mussels from southern Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Navarro ◽  
Cristian Duarte ◽  
Patricio H. Manríquez ◽  
Marco A. Lardies ◽  
Rodrigo Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pco2 Level ◽  
Scope For Growth ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Natural Range

Abstract The combined effect of increased ocean warming and elevated carbon dioxide in seawater is expected to have significant physiological and ecological consequences at many organizational levels of the marine ecosystem. In the present study, juvenile mussels Mytilus chilensis were reared for 80 d in a factorial combination of two temperatures (12 and 16°C) and three pCO2 levels (380, 700, and 1000 µatm). We investigated the combined effects of increasing seawater temperature and pCO2 on the physiological performance (i.e. feeding, metabolism, and growth). Lower clearance rate (CR) occurred at the highest pCO2 concentration (1000 µatm) compared with the control (380 µatm) and with the intermediate concentration of pCO2 (700 µatm). Conversely, CR was significantly higher at 16°C than at 12°C. Significant lower values of oxygen uptake were observed in mussels exposed to 1000 µatm pCO2 level compared with those exposed to 380 µatm pCO2. Scope for growth (SFG) was significantly lower at the highest pCO2 concentration compared with the control. Mussels exposed to 700 µatm pCO2 did not show significantly different SFG from the other two pCO2 treatments. SFG was significantly higher at 16°C than at 12°C. This might be explained because the experimental mussels were exposed to temperatures experienced in their natural environment, which are within the range of thermal tolerance of the species. Our results suggest that the temperature rise within the natural range experienced by M. chilensis generates a positive effect on the processes related with energy gain (i.e. feeding and absorption) to be allocated to growth. In turn, the increase in the pCO2 level of 1000 µatm, independent of temperature, adversely affects this species, with significantly reduced energy allocated to growth (SFG) compared with the control treatment.

scholarly journals Atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide observations from two European coastal stations 2000–2005: continental influence, trend changes and APO climatology

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1599-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sirignano ◽  
R. E. M. Neubert ◽  
C. Rödenbeck ◽  
H. A. J. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

Abstract. Seeking for baseline conditions has biased the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and later on also oxygen (O2) monitoring networks towards remote marine stations, missing part of the variability that is due to regional anthropogenic as well as land biotic activity. We present here a five-year record of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and oxygen/nitrogen (O2/N2) ratio measurements from the coastal stations Lutjewad (LUT), The Netherlands and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland, derived from flask samples. O2/N2 ratios, a proxy for O2 concentrations, concurrently measured with CO2 concentrations, help determine regional CO2 fluxes by separating land fluxes from sea fluxes. Mace Head is the closest marine baseline station to Lutjewad, located at the same latitude, and therefore is taken as a reference. During the studied period, from 2000 until 2005, we observed an average increase of CO2 in the atmosphere of (1.7±0.2) ppm y−1, and a change of the O2/N2 ratio of (−20±1) per meg y−1. The difference between the CO2 summer minimum and the winter maximum is 14.4 ppm and 16.1 ppm at Mace Head and Lutjewad, respectively, while the paraphase variation in the O2 signal equals 113 per meg and 153 per meg, respectively. We also studied the atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) tracer at both stations. By this analysis, evidence has been found that we need to be careful when using APO close to anthropogenic CO2 sources. It could be biased by combustion-derived CO2, and models need to take into account daily and seasonal variations in the anthropogenic CO2 production in order to be able to simulate APO over the continents.

scholarly journals Correlation of Respiratory Aerosols and Metabolic Carbon Dioxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12203
Author(s):  
Niklas Kappelt ◽  
Hugo Savill Russell ◽  
Szymon Kwiatkowski ◽  
Alireza Afshari ◽  
Matthew Stanley Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Metabolic Carbon

Respiratory aerosols from breathing and talking are an important transmission route for viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Previous studies have found that particles with diameters ranging from 10 nm to 145 μm are produced from different regions in the respiratory system and especially smaller particles can remain airborne for long periods while carrying viral RNA. We present the first study in which respiratory aerosols have been simultaneously measured with carbon dioxide (CO2) to establish the correlation between the two concentrations. CO2 concentrations are easily available through low-cost sensors and could be used to estimate viral exposure through this correlation, whereas source-specific aerosol measurements are complicated and not possible with low-cost sensors. The increase in both respiratory aerosols and CO2 was linear over ten minutes in a 2 m3 chamber for all participants, suggesting a strong correlation. On average, talking released more particles than breathing, with 14,600 ± 16,800 min−1 (one-σ standard deviation) and 6210 ± 5630 min−1 on average, respectively, while CO2 increased with 139 ± 33 ppm min−1 during talking and 143 ± 29 ppm min−1 during breathing. Assuming a typical viral load of 7×106 RNA copies per mL of oral fluid, ten minutes of talking and breathing are estimated to produce 1 and 16 suspended RNA copies, respectively, correlating to a CO2 concentration of around 1800 ppm in a 2 m3 chamber. However, viral loads can vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the stage of the disease and the individual. It was therefore concluded that, by measuring CO2 concentrations, only the number and volume concentrations of released particles can be estimated with reasonable certainty, while the number of suspended RNA copies cannot.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbon dioxide (CO2) on mortality and reproduction of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller 1879), in mass rearing, aiming at the production of Trichogramma spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALOISIO COELHO JUNIOR ◽  
JOSE R.P. PARRA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller 1879) are widely used for mass rearing of Trichogramma spp. and other parasitoids and predators, largely commercialized in many countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) originated from larval metabolism on the biological parameters of A. kuehniella. For that purpose, we assess the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) per rearing tray of A. kuehniella and the effect of CO2 on the viability of egg-to-adult period and oviposition of A. kuehniella. Results allow to estimate that a rearing tray, containing 10,000 larvae between the 4th and 5th instars, produces an average of 30.67 mL of CO2 per hour. The highest egg production of A. kuehniella was obtained when the larvae were kept in rooms with lower concentration of CO2 (1,200 parts per million - ppm), producing 23% more eggs than in rooms with higher CO2 concentrations. In rooms with high density of trays (70 trays/room), CO2 concentration exceeded 4,400 ppm. The viability of the egg-to-adult period was not influenced by carbon dioxide.

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