STUDYING OF TERSKO-SULAKSKAYA LOWLAND VEGETATION UNDER THE RESULTS OF GROUND-BASED RESEARCH AND AUTOMATED INTERPRETATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
M. I. Dzhalalova ◽  
A. B. Biarslanov ◽  
D. B. Asgerova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Internet Resource

The state of plant communities in areas located in the Tersko-Sulak lowland was studied by assessing phytocenotic indicators: the structure of vegetation cover, projective cover, species diversity, species abundance and elevated production, as well as automated decoding methods. There are almost no virgin soils and natural phytocenoses here; all of them have been transformed into agrocenoses (irrigated arable lands and hayfields, rice-trees and pastures). The long-term impact on pasture ecosystems of natural and anthropogenic factors leads to significant changes in the indigenous communities of this region. Phytocenoses are formed mainly by dry-steppe types of cereals with the participation of feather grass, forbs and ephemera, a semi-desert haloxerophytic shrub - Taurida wormwood. At the base of the grass stand is common coastal wormwood and Taurida wormwood - species resistant to anthropogenic influences. Anthropogenic impacts have led to a decrease in the number of species of feed-rich grain crops and a decrease in the overall productivity of pastures. Plant communities in all areas are littered with ruderal species. The seasonal dynamics of the land cover of the sites was estimated by the methods of automatic decoding of satellite images of the Landsat8 OLI series satellite for 2015, dated by the periods: spring - May 20, summer - July 23, autumn - October 20. Satellite imagery data obtained by Landsat satellite with a resolution in the multispectral image of 30 m per pixel, and in the panchromatic image - 10 m per pixel, which correspond to the requirements for satellite imagery to assess the dynamics of soil and vegetation cover. Lower resolution data, for example, NDVI MODIS, does not provide a reliable reflection of the state of soil and vegetation cover under arid conditions. In this regard, remote sensing data obtained from the Internet resource https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ was used.

Experience in assessing the dynamic state of vegetation based on a large-scale map of modern vegetation (on the example of the area “Levashovskiy les”, St. Petersburg)

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Volkova ◽  
V. N. Khramtsov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Short Term

The article is devoted to the vegetation mapping of the “Levashovskiy les”— a large forest-mire massif located in the northern part of St. Petersburg (Fig. 1). It continues a series of articles on the vegetation of existing and proposed specially protected natural areas of St. Petersburg (Volkova, Khramtsov, 2018). Large-scale map of modern vegetation (Fig. 2) is presented; the map legend includes 67 main numbers, the signs and numeric indexes at the numbers made it possible to show 93 mapping units (associations and their variants). Brief description of the main types of plant communities (spruce, pine, birch, aspen, gray alder and black alder forests; raised bogs, transitional mires and fens, floodplain and upland meadows) reveals the content of the legend. Vegetation cover is characterized by the dominance of secondary communities. The main anthropogenic impacts on modern vegetation are following: drainage reclamation, deforestation and former agricultural use, forest fires, gas pipelines, highways. Most of the forest communities are secondary ones; they have grown under the pressure of various anthropogenic factors and at different time. Nowadays an active process of natural regeneration of conife­rous (mainly spruce) trees goes in the forests. Plant community structure and species composition were taken into account as well as their dynamic state. To assess the degree of disturbance of plant communities and the potential for their restoration, the analysis of all mapped vegetation categories with respect to their position in the ranks of restorative successions was made. Then an assessment map “Dynamic state of plant communities” (Fig. 3) was compiled. The map shows following categories of dynamic types of communities: conventionally primary; relatively long-term secondary and stable long-term secondary (Sukachev, 1938; Isachenko, 1964; Karpenko, 1965; Gribova, Isachenko, 1972); short-term secondary that were divided into 3 categories representing different stages of restorative series. Present state of the vegetation cover of the “Levashovskiy les” can be determined by the ratio of the areas of conventionally primary and secondary communities. Areal analysis of dynamic categories of plant communities showed that only a bit more than 20 % of the territory is occupied by conventionally primary communities and about 60 % – by short-term secondary ones with good restorative potential. Without strong anthropogenic and natural disturbances, a significant part of the disturbed plant communities will be able to self-restore to their natural state. The establishment of a specially protected natural area as well as the regulation of conservation regime will support restoration process of nature ecosystems.

DYNAMICS OF SPECIES OF MEADOW COMMUNITIES RICHNESS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF UNSTABLE CASPIAN SEA LEVEL

1970 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
М. I. Dzhalalova
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Meadow Communities

Based on the analysis of phytocenotic indicators, the results of the study of the state of the meadow community of the Caspian lowland are presented. The coastal plains of the Caspian region are the youngest land areas, the vegetation cover of which has not yet formed and is at different stages of successional development. The flora and vegetation of the regions was significantly influenced by transgressive and regressive stages in the history of the Caspian Sea. Their coastline was constantly changing under the influence of natural, and now also anthropogenic factors. At the present stage, the Caspian Sea is in a transgressive phase, since 1978 the sea level has risen by 2 m. Long-term impact on meadow communities of natural and anthropogenic factors leads to significant changes in the indigenous communities of this region. The general trend in the dynamics of meadow vegetation in plain Dagestan has been associated in recent years with the processes of steppe formation, and in many cases - salinization and desertification. The coastal and deltaic phytocenoses of the young plain are formed not so much under the influence of zonal conditions, but more under the complex interaction of local conditions - the changing level regime of the Caspian Sea, groundwater, high summer temperatures, strong anthropogenic pressure (irregular grazing, wind erosion, secondary salinization), variegated lithological, soil and the associated complexity of the vegetation cover. Such changes in meadow and meadow-bog vegetation were first noted by E.V. Schiffers. The aim of the research was to study the state of the meadow community by assessing phytocenotic indicators: the structure of vegetation cover, projective cover, species diversity, abundance of species.

scholarly journals STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF THE FAULT ZONES ON VEGETATION COVER OF STATE TERRITORY OF THE NATURE SANCTUARY "DOLINSKY" (SAKHALIN ISLAND) USING EARTH’S REMOTE SENSING DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Olesya V. Kuptsova ◽  
◽  
Inna I. Lobishcheva ◽  
Alexey A. Verhoturov ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Melkiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
The State ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Sensing Data

Fault zones on the territory of Nature Sanctuary “Dolinsky” (Sakhalin Island), which are characterized by high geodynamic activity, are generally well distinguished when analyzing satellite imagery materials. In any territory, it is not difficult to identify the various plant communities that occupy it, as well as to determine their state by the content of phytomass determined by the vegetation index NDVI. The aim of the study is to test the validity of the hypothesis about the formation of abundant vegetation cover within the fault zones by analyzing the state of various plant communities by the volume of phytomass. Methods: decryption and analysis of Earth remote sensing data from Sentinel, Landsat and SRTM generation, geoinformation mapping on the ArcGIS platform. Results. In the course of the study, the state of the Nature Sanctuary “Dolinsky” analyzed by Landsat-8, Sentinel-2A satellite sur-veys, as well as SRTM data. Fault zones identified using the software systems ArcGIS, QGIS, and PyLEFA by lineament analysis, vegetation was classified by the maximum likelihood method, and its condition was determined by the values of the NDVI index, which reflects the content of phytomass in the study area. As result of the work carried out, an increase in phytomass revealed, and, consequently, good conditions for the growth of plant communities confined to the zones of distribution of faults of the earth's crust, and the reliability of the working hypothesis confirmed.

scholarly journals Analyze of Dynamics and Degree of Anthropogenic Impacts on the Ecogeomorphological Conditions (Case Study of the Kura-Araz Lowland and Surrounding Areas)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
J. Y. Gasimov
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Irrigation Network

Theoretical base of human effects on geomorphological environment, the evolution of anthropogenic impacts and modern situation of human activity were analyzed in the studied area. On the base of supervised and unsupervised classification of the Landsat images (1976–2017) Land use-Land cover map of the territory was compiled. The dynamic and transformation of land covers were determined with the change detection function. It was defined that the most increasing land cover in the area of transformation since 1976 to 2017 is the sown area. Due to the anthropogenic development of the study area, the largest decrease in the area of exposed (33,85%) and saline (25,43%) land cover occurred during this period. Among the listed anthropogenic factors (oil and gas production, production of building materials, grazing, settlements, etc.), it is established that irrigation erosion has a wide radius of encirclement and a high degree of influence. With the application of Geographic Information System technologies, on the base of remote sensing data the density of the irrigation network has been computed and mapped. Ecogeomorphological assessment and zoning of the territory has been carried out. According to the comparative analysis of horizontal (stream network) and anthropogenic (irrigation network) fragmentation it was determined that the estimated maximum cost of anthropogenic fragmentation in the study area is 2,5 times higher than natural horizontal fragmentation.

scholarly journals Monitoring of specially protected natural territories of forest-steppe landscapes of the Stavropol upland by means of remote sensing data

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-376
Author(s):  
Tigran Shahbazyan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Ndvi Index ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the methodology of monitoring specially protected natural areas using remote sensing data. The research materials are satellite images of the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites, obtained from the resource of the US Geological Survey. The key areas of the study were 3 specially protected areas located within the boundaries of the forest-steppe landscapes of the Stavropol upland, the reserves «Alexandrovskiy», «Russkiy Les», «Strizhament». The space survey materials were selected for the period 1991–2020, and the data from the summer seasons were used. The NDVI index is chosen as the method of processing the spectral channels of satellite imagery. To integrate long-term satellite imagery into a single raster image, the method of variance of the variation series for the NDVI index was used. The article describes an algorithm for processing satellite images, which allows us to identify the features of the dynamics of the vegetation state of the studied territory for the period 1991–2020. The bitmap image constructed by means of the variance of the NDVI index was classified by the quantile method, to translate numerical values into classes with qualitative characteristics. There were 4 classes of the territory according to the degree of dynamism of the vegetation state: “stable”, “slightly variable”, “moderately variable”, “highly variable”. The paper highlights the factors of landscape transformation, including natural and anthropogenic ones. In the course of the study, the determining influence of anthropogenic factors of transformation was noted. The greatest impact is on the reserve «Alexandrovskiy», the least on the reserve «Russkiy Les», in the reserve «Strizhament» the impact is expressed locally. The paper identifies the leading anthropogenic factors of vegetation transformation, based on their influence on vegetation.

scholarly journals Geobotanical characteristics of plant communities of the populations of the rare, endemic plant Rosa iliensis Chrshan. in the floodplain of the upper reaches of the river Ili

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
А.Zh. Childibayeva ◽  
◽  
A.A. Ametov ◽  
A.D. Serbaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
The State ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Rare Endemic ◽  
River Ili

The article gives a geobotanical characterization of plant communities of the population of the rare, endemic plant Rosa iliensis in the floodplain of the river Ili. The assocations of three cenopopulations and the percentages of vegetation cover in this population, the vegetation cover of tiers, are also described. Within each cenopopulation, a 10×10 transect was constructed and the age structure of the vegetation cover in it was determined. In the upper reaches of the river or the state of life of Rosa iliensis can be called satisfactory. Because here Rosa iliensis blooms and bears fruit every year. However, not a single seedling of this plant was found within the populations. This indicates that Rosa iliensis in natural conditions propagates by seeds extremely rarely and its renewal is mainly vegetative, root offspring. Taking this into account, we suggest that the floodplain of the upper Ili river, where the population of Rosa iliensis is found, conduct constant monitoring work and thereby keep the state of its population under control. In addition, we offer Rosa iliensis Chrshan. to be introduced in the main botanical garden of Almaty and the Ili Experimental Botanical Garden of the Balkhash district of Almaty region.

scholarly journals Monitoring Coastline Dynamics of Alakol Lake in Kazakhstan Using Remote Sensing Data

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Adilet Valeyev ◽  
Marat Karatayev ◽  
Ainagul Abitbayeva ◽  
Saule Uxukbayeva ◽  
Aruzhan Bektursynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Sensing Data

Alakol Lake is one of the largest hydrologically closed lake located in Balkash-Alakol River Basin in southeast Kazakhstan. Having a coastline approximately at 490 km, Alakol Lake has faced multiple threats due to both natural and anthropogenic factors as a result of tectonic movements, geology, wind-wave conditions, growing tourism activities, fishing, and transport, etc. The present study aims to investigate the historical trends in coastline changes along Alakol Lake in Kazakhstan and estimate its change rate by using remote sensing data in particular scale-space images Landsat-5 TM, 7 ETM+, 8 OLI, and Sentinel-2A. Based on Landsat and Sentinel data, the modified normalized difference water index was calculated to demonstrate the coastline changes along Alakol Lake between 1990 and 2018. Moreover, the monitoring and analysis of coastline dynamics is based on the main morphometric characteristics of Alakol Lake including water surface area, coastline length, geomorphology of the coast, etc. Our results reveal that there is a continuous coastline retreat, depending on the coast types. For example, in the case of the denudation coasts, a land inundation was from 120 to 270 m between 1990 and 2018. In the case of the accumulative coast (mainly northeast, north, and northwest coasts) a land inundation was from 200 to 900 m. A vast area of agricultural land around Alakol Lake become flooded and lost. This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring coastline dynamics because it provides essential information for understanding the coastal response to contemporary nature and anthropogenic impacts.

scholarly journals Landscape­ anthropogenic factors of vegetation cover at southern cost of Sivash

2014 ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Lidiya Garkusha ◽  
Lidiya Sockova ◽  
Viktor Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Key Words Transformation ◽  
Transformation Processes

In the article questions of landscape-anthropogenic conditionality of vegetable cover of south cost of Sivash are considered. The display of the most ponderable transformation processes on different pitch levels are considered. A ponderable value to influence of irrigation on the state of landscapes of territory is spared. Key words: transformation processes, irrigations, vegetable cover, south cost of Sivash.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation cover in North-West Algeria using remote sensing data

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Si Tayeb Tayeb ◽  
Benabdeli Kheloufi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Land cover change is the result of complex interactions between social and environmental systems which change over time. While climatic and biophysics phenomena were for a long time the principal factor of land transformations, human activities are today the origin of the major part of land transformation which affects natural ecosystems. Quantification of natural and anthropogenic impacts on vegetation cover is often hampered by logistical issues, including (1) the difficulty of systematically monitoring the effects over large areas and (2) the lack of comparison sites needed to evaluate the effect of the factors. The effective procedure for measuring the degree of environmental change due to natural factors and human activities is the multitemporal study of vegetation cover. For this purpose, the aim of this work is the analysis of the evolution of land cover using remote sensing techniques, in order to better understand the respective role of natural and anthropogenic factors controlling this evolution. A spatio-temporal land cover dynamics study on a regional scale in Oranie, using Landsat data for two periods (1984–2000) and (2000–2011) was conducted. The images of the vegetation index were classified into three classes based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and analysed using image difference approach. The result shows that the vegetation cover was changed. An intensive regression of the woody vegetation and forest land resulted in -22.5% of the area being lost between 1984 and 2000, 1,271 km2 was converted into scrub formations and 306 km2 into bare soil. On the other hand, this class increased by around 45% between 2000 and 2011, these evolutions resulting from the development of scrub groups with an area of 1,875.7 km2.

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