STUDYING OF FROST RESISTANCE OF CHERRY VARIETIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRUIT CROP BREEDING

1970 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelyeva ◽  
P. S. Prudnikov ◽  
I. N. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Russian Research

The studies were conducted on the basis of the laboratory physiology resistance of fruit plant at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in 2017-2018. The objects of research were cherry varieties by the Institute selection. The year of setting was 2015. The scheme of setting – 5×2 m. Inter-row spacing and zone near a tree trunk – weedfree fallow. The purpose of the research was to study some physiological and biochemical adaptation processes in the autumn-winter period and evaluated the frost resistance of cherry varieties by artificial freezing method. The dynamics of the fractional composition of water in the tissues of annual branches of cherry varieties was studied. At the same time, the maximum proportion of bond water to free water was found in the varieties Bystrinka, Livenskaia, Muza, Novella, Shokoladnitsa. During the autumn period, the increase of bound water and the decrease of free water depended on the accumulation of the amino acid proline in annual cherry branches. The high level of dependence of bound to free water ratio and the proline amount on the minimum air temperature in the autumn period was noticed in the cherry varieties, which were studied. At the beginning of winter, the average dependence between the degree of freezing of varieties and the amount of bound water in the tissues of annual cherry branches was established. The dependence of the accumulation of the amino acid proline on the effects of low-temperature stress in winter was revealed. The resistance to early winter frosts (t = -25°C) was marked in all studied cherry varieties. The maximum frost resistance was marked in Livenskaia, Novella, Orlitsa, Shokoladnitsa varieties at t = -35°C. As a result of artificial freezing, frost-resistant varieties of cherry Livenskaia, Novella and Shokoladnitsa, which showed the highest level of resistance of generative and vegetative buds, bark and wood substance to the damaging factors of winter, were identified.

scholarly journals Apple breeding process duration and ways of its reduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Sedov ◽  
S. A. Korneyeva ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
Z. M. Serova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Russian Research

A careful 63-year-old work on apple breeding, resulting in the creation of 54 its varieties, included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use, makes it possible to speak about the ways of reduction in the time of the actual breeding process and the subsequent stages of accelerating the introduction of new varieties into production. According to the experience of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, an average of 19 years is spent from hybridization to the adoption of a variety for State trials, and from hybridization to inclusion in the State Register it is spent 27 years. The requirements for new apple varieties are changing and becoming tougher to a large extent during this period. We off er the possibility of reducing the time to create a new variety by combining in time the actual breeding process and the primary variety study. For this purpose already during the selection and transfer of biannual seedlings to the breeding orchard it is necessary to multiply and include the best seedlings on morphological features with a culture of 5 points (no more than 1 seedling per thousand selected ones) in the primary study. In this case the actual breeding process is combined with the primary study. When transferring the variety to the state trial, it is necessary to lay orchards of a small production testing of 20-40 trees of a new variety in each of the three replications. The time of single breeders is a thing of the past. To create varieties that meet high requirements of production (convenient for cultivation, highly adapted to local conditions, with a certain shape of tree crowns, with the fruits of high commodity and consumer qualities), interdisciplinary teams are needed, which include not only breeders, but also pomologists, geneticists, cytoembryologists, biochemists, physiologists, phytopathologists, and agricultural technicians. Usually years, and sometimes decades are spent on the creation of well-coordinated teams of professionals of diff erent specialties, but only such teams are able to create varieties that meet all main requirements. At Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding such a team consists of 22 people.

scholarly journals Intensification of the breeding process and acceleration of the introduction of apple cultivars into production

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Sedov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Long Period ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Small Production ◽  
Russian Research

Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) is the main supplier of new apple cultivars for the middle zone of Russia. 54 zoned apple cultivars of different dates of maturing have been created at the Institute and included in the State Register of breeding achievements. The reasons of a very long period from the beginning of the breeding process (hybridization) to the wide introduction of a cultivar into broad production are considered in this pa-per. Examples of acceleration and intensification of the breeding process are given. If in 1950s at VNIISPK it took 39-49 years (43, on the average) from the hybridization to transfer a cultivar to the State Register, then in 1980s-1990s it took just 18-23 years (21, on the average). The techniques and methods of reducing this period are given in this paper. Often not less period passes from the inclusion of a cultivar in the State Register (zoning) before introduction of a cultivar in wide production. To reduce this period, it is proposed in the original institution to lay plots of small production cultivar testing of 20-30 trees in each of the 3 repetitions (60-90 trees) for each new cultivar and the control cultivar simultaneously with the transfer of a cultivar to the State Register.

scholarly journals Introduction of Orel red currant varieties into the West-Siberian region

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
O. Golyayeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Red Currant ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract. The results of the state testing of red currant varieties in the Prokopievsky Fruit-Berry State Station of Variety Testing (West-Siberian region) in 2015–2017 are presented. The task of the research was to test the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant varieties in the soil-climatic conditions of the West-Siberian region. Methods. 13 varieties from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (Orel region), 5 varieties from the Novosibirsk Zonal Fruit-Berry Experimental Station (Novosibirsk region) and 3 varieties from the South-Urals Research Institute of Fruit and Potato Growing (Chelyabinsk) were studied. The red currant variety “Red Cross” in the West-Siberian region was taken as a standard. The observations and records were carried out according to the Methods of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. Results. For three year of the study, on the average, the productivity of the standard was 63.3 centner per hectare. The varieties from the former Novosibirsk Zonal Fruit-Berry Experimental Station “Valensiya”, “Khrustyashchaya” and “Eliza” were on the same level of productivity with the standard, while “Rozita” was inferior to the standard. The varieties from the South-Urals Research Institute of Fruit and Potato Growing significantly exceeded the standard in terms of the crop load: “Ilyinka”, “Ural’skaya krasnaya” and “Ural’skaya belaya” (93.3–84.4 centner/ha). The varieties from the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding had higher rate of productivity: 122.5 centner/ha (“Marmeladnitza” – 102.6 centner/ha (white-fruit variety “Belka”). “Gollandskaya krasnaya”, “Khrustyashchaya”, “Belka”, “Uralskaya belaya” and “Roza” are characterized by a dessert taste (5.0 point). In conditions of the Kemerovo region the varieties “Asya”, “Dar Orla”, “Dana”, “Ilyinka”, “Marmeladnitza”, “Orlovchanka”, “Podarok leta”, “Ural’skaya krasavitsa”, “Niva” and “Belka” are characterized by large size of fruit with maximal berry weight of 0.9–1.3 g. “Ilyinka”, “Marmeladnitsa”, “Ural’skaya krasnaya”, “Belka” and “Ural’skaya belaya” demonstrated a complex resistance the main diseases of red currants- anthracnose and septoria. Scientific novelty and practical importance. The results of the introduction showed that the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding red currant varieties have high environmental adaptability to the conditions of the sharply continental climate. As a result of the testing, the varieties “Asya”, “Dana”, “Marmeladnitsa”, “Orlovchanka”, “Dar Orla” and “Podarok leta” (Orel breeding) are included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use in the West-Siberian region.

ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PINE PLANTS VARIETIES OF THE PICEA GENUS IN ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN THE ORYOL REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Emelyanova ◽  
М. F. Tsoy ◽  
L. I. Masalova ◽  
G. А. Pavlenkova ◽  
А. N. Firsov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Research

Selection and introduction of a new high-quality range of plants that can grow in modern conditions is the main goal of studying plants in the genetic collection of the arboretum of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), which includes more than 300 species, forms and varieties of woody plants. The class of coniferous plants, which makes up 25% of the total number of taxa, is represented by three families and nine genera, one of which is Picea A. Dietr. The analysis of ecological and biological features was carried out for 10 native and introduced plant species of this genus in the collection of the VNIISPK arboretum. All the studied species and forms had high winter hardiness, with the exception of Picea omorica (Pancic) Purcyne. With the loss of decorativeness, the Picea canadensis Britt was damaged by pests; Picea omorica (Pancic) Purcyne. was affected by diseases. Two highly decorative genotypes that are resistant to a complex of adverse environmental factors have been identified for use in landscaping of objects of various purposes in the Orel region: P. abies f. cristata (L.) H. Karst and P. pungens f. glauca Reg. For landscape gardens and parks, it is also recommended to use the P. abies f. virgata (Jacq.) Casp.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document