scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF CORN FLOW AMERICA (Zea Mays) AS A SOURCE OF SILICA ON THE MAKING OF Na / SBA-15 CATALYSTES FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION OF OIL JELANTAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Drajat Bangun Utomo ◽  
R R Dirgarini Julia Nurlianti Subagyono ◽  
Rahmat GUnawan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Palmitate ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Used Palm Oil

Preparation of Na / SBA-15 from corn leaves ash (Zea mays) as a substitute for TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate) applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification reaction of used palm oil and methanol has been performed. The preparation of SBA-15 was conducted by surfactant template method and modification with Na was conducted by impregnation method. SBA-15 from corn leaves ash has a pore size ranging from 4.9 nm to 9.3 nm, a surface area of ​​595 m2/ g, a pore diameter of 3.95 nm and a pore volume of 0.99 cm3/ g. The yeild obtained from the first transesterification process was 96.46% with the free fatty acid content of the product 0.16 mg KOH/ g. The two most prominent methyl ester based on the chromatogram of the transesterification product, the two most prominent methyl ester in the product were methyl palmitate (36,32%) and methyl oleat (36,15%).   Keywords : Maize, SBA-15, TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate), Transesterification of used palm oil  

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil Using Sulfuric Acid and K2O Catalysts through a Two-Stage Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3150-3160
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

This study examines biodiesel production from crude palm oil (CPO) through an esterification reaction with methanol as a solvent and transesterification reactions catalyzed by calcium oxide (K2O). K2O catalyst synthesized from the oil palm empty fruit bunches ash (PEFB-ash) with impregnation method and calcined at a temperature of 700 ºC. The esterification reaction results showed that the free fatty acid content decreased from 5.47% to 0.57% at 60 ºC, while the results transesterification reaction showed the highest methyl ester content of 39.33% at optimal conditions, which was K2O catalyst amount of 3%. The GC-MS analysis results showed that as many as eleven fatty acid methyl esters were confirmed from biodiesel crude palm oil (CPO) based on their respective retention times and fragmentation patterns. The main components of the methyl ester formed include methyl hexadecanoic (17.75%), methyl 9.12-octadecadienoate (3.97%), and methyl 9-octadecenoate (12.06%). Biodiesel properties were examined using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-6751).

Esterification of Waste Palm Oil in Wastewater Pond for Community Biodiesel Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Athitan Timyamprasert ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Kasem Chunkao ◽  
Juan L. Silva ◽  
Tae Jo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

The aim of this research was to develop a two-step technique to prepare biodiesel from waste palm oil (WPO) with high free fatty acid content. The developed process consists of esterification and transesterification steps. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for investigating the experimental design for esterification step. Design of experiment was performed by application of 5-levels-3-factors central composite design in order to study the optimum condition for decreasing FFA in WPO. The WPO with low FFA was further experimented in transesterification step to obtain fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The investigated results showed that the WPO containing 48.62%wt of high FFA. The optimum condition of esterification step was 28 moles of methanol to FFA in WPO molar ratio, 5.5% sulfuric acid concentration in 90 min of reaction time and 60 °C of reaction temperature. After transesterification step, WPO biodiesel gave methyl ester content at 84.05% according to EN 14103 method. The properties of WPO methyl ester meet the standards of Thailand community biodiesel that can be used as fuel in agricultural machine.

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel over ZnO-TiO2 bifunctional oxide catalyst supported on natural zeolite

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
M Al Muttaqii ◽  
M Amin ◽  
E Prasetyo ◽  
R Alviany ◽  
L Marlinda
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Oleic Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Percent Area

Abstract In this paper, biodiesel is produced from palm oil and methanol via the transesterification process over the heterogeneous catalyst. The metal oxide ZnO-TiO2 was impregnated into natural zeolite over the dry impregnation method. The ZnO-TiO2/NZ catalyst was prepared over the dry impregnation method. The catalysts' characteristic was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The biodiesel was analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed a functional group of methyl ester (C=O, carbonyl group) at 1744.51 cm-1. The components of methyl ester such as hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17), cis-9-heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (C18), oleic acid methyl ester (C19), are present in the biodiesel with the percent area of 0.05%, 0.08%, 0.63%, 7.06%, 16.3%, respectively, over ZnO-TiO2/NZ catalyst with a metal ratio of 1:1. This catalyst was successful in the transesterification of palm oil to produce biodiesel.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT MENJADI METIL ESTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga ◽  
Doni Hermanto Sihombing ◽  
Allen Rianto Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Potassium Methoxide

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s catalyst involves coconut shell burnt ash at temperature of 550, 600, 650 °C for 8 hours and uses 1%, 2%, 3% (w/w) of ash. Ash used was dissolved in 75 ml of methanol to obtain potassium methoxide compound and was analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) to determine potassium content. Palm oil involved in the processing stage of degumming with the addition of 0,6% (w/w) H3PO4 85% to remove gum then followed by an esterification reaction using 3,0% (w/w) H2SO498% as the catalyst to reduce FFA<1%. The temperature of transesterification reaction was at 65 °C for 2 hours, ratio of methanol: CPO 6:1 (n/n) and 500 rpm agitation. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of 81% methyl esters is gained with shell burnt ash at temperature of 600 ° C, 1% (w/w) of ash with the specification of methyl esters as density, kinematic viscosity and flash point are relatively conformed to SNI04-7182-2006 biodiesel and 92.99% purity methyl ester with 4.62% total glycerin,2.39% free glycerin based on GC (Gas Chromatography).

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

Immobilized lipase-catalyzed transesterification for synthesis of biolubricant from palm oil methyl ester and trimethylolpropane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd Wafti ◽  
Robiah Yunus ◽  
Harrison Lik Nang Lau ◽  
Thomas Choong Shean Yaw ◽  
Suraini Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Immobilized Lipase

Influence of free fatty acid content on the oxidative stability of red palm oil

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (103) ◽  
pp. 101098-101104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella De Leonardis ◽  
Francesca Cuomo ◽  
Vincenzo Macciola ◽  
Francesco Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Red Palm Oil

A multi-technique approach used for the characterization of the oxidative stability of red palm.

scholarly journals Characteristics of direct transesterification using ultrasound on oil extracted from spent coffee grounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-478
Author(s):  
Yeong Su Kim ◽  
Duk Gam Woo ◽  
Tae Han Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Direct Transesterification ◽  
Coffee Grounds

Spent coffee grounds (SCG), the residue after brewing coffee beverage, is a promising biodiesel feedstock due to its high oil contents (15‒20%). However, SCG should be pretreated to reduce the high free fatty acid content, which hampers transesterification reaction. To overcome this, we explored a direct transesterification reaction of SCG using ultrasound irradiation and identified the optimal sonication parameters. A high fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content, up to 97.2%, could be achieved with ultrasound amplitude of 99.2 <i>μ</i>m, irradiation time of 10 min, and methanol to oil ratio of 7:1 in the presence of potassium hydroxide concentration of 1.25 wt.%. In addition, we demonstrated that ultrasound irradiation is an efficient method to produce biodiesel from untreated SCG in a short time with less energy than the conventional mechanical stirring method. The physical and chemical properties of the SCG biodiesel met the requirements for an alternative fuel to the current commercial biodiesel.

Impact of Palm Oil Methyl Ester Drops on a Surface

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Deepak Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil
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