scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN ABU KULIT BUAH KELAPA SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT MENJADI METIL ESTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Ritonga ◽  
Doni Hermanto Sihombing ◽  
Allen Rianto Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Potassium Methoxide

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s catalyst involves coconut shell burnt ash at temperature of 550, 600, 650 °C for 8 hours and uses 1%, 2%, 3% (w/w) of ash. Ash used was dissolved in 75 ml of methanol to obtain potassium methoxide compound and was analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) to determine potassium content. Palm oil involved in the processing stage of degumming with the addition of 0,6% (w/w) H3PO4 85% to remove gum then followed by an esterification reaction using 3,0% (w/w) H2SO498% as the catalyst to reduce FFA<1%. The temperature of transesterification reaction was at 65 °C for 2 hours, ratio of methanol: CPO 6:1 (n/n) and 500 rpm agitation. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of 81% methyl esters is gained with shell burnt ash at temperature of 600 ° C, 1% (w/w) of ash with the specification of methyl esters as density, kinematic viscosity and flash point are relatively conformed to SNI04-7182-2006 biodiesel and 92.99% purity methyl ester with 4.62% total glycerin,2.39% free glycerin based on GC (Gas Chromatography).

Confirmation of Chlorophenoxy Acid Herbicide Residues by Transesterification

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-345
Author(s):  
George Yip
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Propyl Esters ◽  
Chlorophenoxy Acids

Abstract Low level residues of 5 chlorophenoxy acids (MCP, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-TP, 2,4,5-T, and 2,4-DB) can be easily confirmed by a transesterification reaction in which the methyl esters are converted to the propyl esters. An aliquot of the methyl ester is heated 5 min with n-propanol and sulfuric acid. Water is added and the organic phase is analyzed by either electron capture or microcoulo metric gas chromatography. A fruit sample fortified with 0.02 ppm 2,4,5-T illustrates the usefulness of the procedure.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN ABU CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK JELANTAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Bernandus Petrus ◽  
Andika Prasetyo Sembiring ◽  
Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Blood Clam ◽  
Anadara Granosa

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s involves catalyst of blood clam shell ashes of combustion at temperatures of 900 ° C for 3 hours and the amount of ash that is used by 8%, 10%, 12% (w / w). Ash used in dissolved in methanol with a molar ratio of methanol: oil of 9: 1, 12: 1 (n / n) to obtain a compound of calcium methoxide. Used cooking oil is filtered and then esterified with catalyst 3.0% (w / w) H2SO4 98% and methanol: oil TG (6: 1) to reduce the FFA to <1%. Transesterification reaction is carried out at a reaction temperature of 65 ° C for 3 hours, and keep stirring 700 rpm. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of methyl ester in the amount of ash produced is 12% (w / w) and the molar ratio of methanol: oil at 12: 1 (n / n) of 56.51% with specification methyl esters such as density, kinematic viscosity and purity methyl ester biodiesel in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006, based on the analysis of GC (Gas Chromatography), the purity of the resulting methyl ester was 98.79%.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil Using Sulfuric Acid and K2O Catalysts through a Two-Stage Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3150-3160
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

This study examines biodiesel production from crude palm oil (CPO) through an esterification reaction with methanol as a solvent and transesterification reactions catalyzed by calcium oxide (K2O). K2O catalyst synthesized from the oil palm empty fruit bunches ash (PEFB-ash) with impregnation method and calcined at a temperature of 700 ºC. The esterification reaction results showed that the free fatty acid content decreased from 5.47% to 0.57% at 60 ºC, while the results transesterification reaction showed the highest methyl ester content of 39.33% at optimal conditions, which was K2O catalyst amount of 3%. The GC-MS analysis results showed that as many as eleven fatty acid methyl esters were confirmed from biodiesel crude palm oil (CPO) based on their respective retention times and fragmentation patterns. The main components of the methyl ester formed include methyl hexadecanoic (17.75%), methyl 9.12-octadecadienoate (3.97%), and methyl 9-octadecenoate (12.06%). Biodiesel properties were examined using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-6751).

scholarly journals Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Detergent Based on Crude Palm Oil and Titania Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2394-2396
Author(s):  
P.P. Wulandari ◽  
M.T. Adiwibowo ◽  
A.S. Redjeki ◽  
M. Ibadurrohman ◽  
Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Titania Nanoparticles ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Tension Analysis

In this work, we report the synthesis of eco-friendly detergent from crude palm oil and titania. Crude palm oil was converted into methyl ester sulfonate through esterification, transesterification and followed by sulfonation process. As-produced methyl ester sulfonate was characterized with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LCMS) and surface tension analysis. Detergents were synthesized by dispersing titania nanoparticles into methyl ester sulfonate solution, forming a nanofluid. Stability and detergency of the nanofluidic detergents were then evaluated. The results showed that the nanofluid detergents were stable in the presence of 0.1 wt % titania and the photocatalytic activity of titania nanoparticles improved the ability of nanofluidic detergents to remove dirt as well as degrading the surfactant residues in the laundry waste stream.

Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Rice Bran Oil through the Esterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Abdurrohman ◽  
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽  
Dedek Sukarianingsih ◽  
Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Vegetable oil is one of rice bran components. As triglycerides, vegetable oil can be converted to fatty acid and alkyl esters for further treatments. Synthesis of alkyl ester oil can be carried out by esterification or transesterification reaction, depending on the quality of the oil and the catalyst. The purposes of this study are 1) Rice bran oil isolation, 2) Oil esterification 3) Characterization and identification of the methyl ester that compose rice bran oil. The stages in this research are 1) Extraction of rice bran oil, 2) Synthesis of methyl ester from rice bran through esterification reaction, 3) Methyl ester characterization of rice bran oil and its potential test as biodiesel included determination of density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number test, 4) The identification of synthesized methyl esters composition using GC-MS. The results showed that rice bran oil has a yield of 18.09%. Synthesis of methyl esters from rice bran oil through the esterification reaction with a catalyst acid yields 72.37%. The characters of the synthesized methyl ester are on the range of biodiesel quality standards, namely, the density is 0.850 g/mL, viscosity is 4.73 cSt, a refractive index is 1.45871, and an acid number is 0.76 g KOH/g methyl ester, therefore it is claimed that the synthesized methyl esters have the potential as biodiesel. The GC-MS result showed the presence of compounds methyl tetradecanoate (0.38%), methyl hexadecanoate (40.67%), methyl 9-octadecenoate (53.68%), methyl octadecanoate (5.02%), and methyl eicosanoate (0.14%).

scholarly journals Estudio cinético de la sulfonación de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina de palma

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Jesús Alfonso Torres Ortega ◽  
Luis Alejandro Díaz Aldana ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
Other Substances

<strong><strong></strong></strong>Los ésteres metílicos como alternativa oleoquímica permiten sintetizar compuestos para la fabricación de detergentes, polímeros, recubrimientos, cosméticos, pinturas y otras sustancias. Así, la transformación del aceite de palma se establece como una cadena productiva con múltiples aplicaciones industriales. Las propiedades biológicas del éster metílico sulfonado, derivado del aceite de palma, permiten desarrollar detergentes de baja toxicidad al medio ambiente, son una fuente renovable de materia prima, y con su desarrollo se explota este recurso nacional; se generan así conocimiento y fuentes adicionales de trabajo. La sulfonación de ésteres metílicos es una reacción altamente exotérmica en la que la velocidad de reacción determina la carga térmica que debe disipar el reactor, y por tanto es trascendental para el diseño del reactor de sulfonación y su modelamiento matemático. Mediante técnicas instrumentales se estableció una expresión cinética para la velocidad de reacción. Los ensayos realizados en el laboratorio permitieron la deducción de una cinética de segundo orden para el mecanismo de reacción propuesto; esta velocidad de reacción describe adecuadamente la sulfonación con SO3 de ésteres metílicos derivados de la estearina hidrogenada de palma. Se verificó la cinética de segundo orden de la reacción global del proceso de sulfonación de ésteres metílicos con SO3. <p class="Corpoica"><strong>Kinetic study of methyl esters sulfonation derived from palm stearin </strong></p><p class="Corpoica">The methyl esters as an alternative to oil-chemical compounds, is an feedstock to manufacture of detergents, polymers, coatings, cosmetics, paints and other substances, establishing them the palm oil transformation like a productive chain with multiple applications at the industry level. Biological properties of biodiesel (methyl ester) sulfonated allow to develop low toxicity detergents to the environment, they are a renewable source of raw material, and with its development it is possible to take advantage of a national sources of knowledge and employment. Methyl esters sulfonation is a reaction highly exothermic, where reaction velocity determines the charge of heat, which should be dissipated by reactor. Therefore, it is important for sulfonation reactor design and its mathematical modelling. In this investigation, a kinetic study for methyl ester from palm oil stearin with sulfur trioxide SO3 sulfonation is presented, whereby with experimental techniques, it was possible to obtain a kinetic expression for reaction velocity. Tests in the laboratory allowed the deduction of a second-order kinetics for the reaction mechanism proposed, the reaction rate described adequately with SO3 sulfonation of methyl esters derived from hydrogenated palm stearin. It was observed second order kinetics of the reaction for the overall process of sulfonation with SO3 methyl esters. </p>

scholarly journals Synthesis of palm oil based polymeric ester through cationic addition polymerisation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Yan Irawan ◽  
Ika Juliana ◽  
Emil Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Polymeric Surfactant ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Distribution Type

In this study, the synthesis of palm oil-based polymeric ester for application as a polymeric surfactant was carried out by a cationic addition polymerisation method through two steps. The initial step is a synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters oleate (FAMEO) through esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol. The optimum conditions of the esterification reaction were carried out at a temperature of 70–80oC for 4 hours with the addition of 1wt% sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The molar ratio between oleic acid and methanol was 1:3. FAMEO was analysed using GCMS to determine the methyl ester content. The second step is the polymerisation of FAMEO. The polymerisation reaction of FAMEO was carried out at 120, 140, and 160oC with 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% of boron trifluoride dihydrate as a catalyst and an initiator of polymerisation reaction for 4 to 24 hours of reaction. The reaction conversion of the product was 66%. The polymeric ester was analysed H-NMR. Meanwhile, the molecular weight of that product was 1714 g/mol which analysed using GPC and the PDI was 1.12346 or equal to 1.12. It means that the polymerisation technique was controlled or living polymerisation, which indicates that the distribution type of this product was narrow monodisperse.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION AND ESTIMATION OF AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Hagen ◽  
W. Black
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Amino Acid Derivatives ◽  
Constant Proportion ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

It has been possible to prepare the N-trifluoroacetyl methyl esters of the 19 amino acids commonly found in proteins and to separate them by gas chromatography on two types of column, Carbowax 1540 and Carbowax 20M. There is a constant relation between the amount of each amino acid and the size of the recorded peak. This indicates either that the conversion to the derivative is quantitative or that a constant proportion of each amino acid is converted to its N-trifluoroacetyl methyl ester.

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