Technological progress, diffusion, and opportunities for developing countries: lessons from China

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Technological Progress

Access to skilled labor, institutions and firm performance in developing countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charilaos Mertzanis ◽  
Mona Said
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Development Institutions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of access to skilled labor in explaining firms’ sales growth subject to the controlling influence of a wide range of firm-specific characteristics and country-level economic and non-economic factors. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses a consistent and large firm-level data set from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys that includes 138 developing countries. An instrumental variables model with a GMM estimator is used for estimating the impact of access to skilled labor on firm performance. In order to obtain more robust estimators, the analysis introduces country-level controls reflecting the influence of economic and institutional factors, such as economic and financial development, institutional governance, education and technological progress. Findings The results document a significant and positive association between access to skilled labor and firm performance in the developing world. The explanatory power of access to skilled labor remains broadly robust after controlling for a wide range of firm-specific characteristics: sectoral and geographical influences matter. The results also show that the association between labor skill constraints and firm performance is mitigated by country-level factors but in diverse ways. Development, institutions, education and technological progress exert various mitigating effects on firm-level behavior regarding access to skilled labor. Originality/value The paper’s novel contribution is threefold: first, it uses joint firm, sector and country-level information to analyze the role of access to skilled labor on firm performance; second, it uses consistently produced information at the firm level from 138 developing countries; and, third, it considers the controlling impact of a wide range of country-level factors that reflect a country’s overall development, institutions and evolution.

scholarly journals Tele-nuclear medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanael Sabbah ◽  
Sinclair Wynchank
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Cost Differences

This article presents a description of tele-nuclear medicine and, after outlining its history, a wide, representative range of its applications. Tele-nuclear medicine has benefited greatly from technological progress, which for several decades has provided greater data transfer rates and storage capacity at steadily decreasing cost. Differences in the practice of nuclear medicine between developed and developing countries arise mainly from disparities in their available infrastructure, funding and education levels of personnel involved. Consequently there are different emphases in their tele-nuclear medicine, which are elaborated. It is concluded that tele-nuclear medicine is important for all countries, but the emphasis on its application may differ between developed and developing nations, with an emphasis on distance learning in the latter.

PUBLIC INVESTMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND EMERGING ECONOMIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Presley Vasconcellos ◽  
Fabiola De Sampaio Rodrigues Grazinoli Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
International Market ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Effective Development

Emerging economies have unique characteristics. Governments should promote effective development policies taking into account the particularities of each country. Public spending in the educational system for stimulating technological and scientific progress should be part of the government’s agenda on socioeconomic development, creating successful strategies to stimulate robust and innovative processes directed to meet internal demands. The investment in research and development by developing countries such as China has improved their economy and it allows them to become leaders in different sectors of the international market.

Challenges of Developing Countries in Imitating Technological Progress

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-264
Author(s):  
Ikbal Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technological Capability ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Utilization Of Technology ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Developed Nations

Technological progress has become an important characteristics of economic progress. The most economically developed nations are also the most technologically advanced ones, that is, the ones that not only make a proper and innovative utilization of technology, but also develop it on their own. Newly developed countries, such as South Korea and China, have economically surpassed many Western countries, because they can catch up and surpass the technological capability of the latter. However, the technological progress of one country cannot be just imitated by another. Technological development is much more than just allocating a large budget for research and development. It involves and transform a heterogeneous network of actors, and hence requires a complex set of institutions and governance that enable the network to upgrade their collective capabilities.

scholarly journals Technologie, matières premières et pétrole : vers un monopole bilatéral?

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Product Life ◽  
International Specialization

Abstract What is the appropriate economic policy for primary commodity producing developing countries given that industrialized countries are specialized in the production of technological progress? Integrating the concept of product life cycle to the static theory of comparative advantage, Harry Johnson has argued that free trade will, by spreading the technology, dissolve the monopoly in technology, and thus constitutes the only policy capable of transmitting growth from one country to another. This article criticizes this thesis on the following points: 1) A rigorous interpretation of the concept of product life cycle and of the underlying assumptions suggests that only industrialized countries present the necessary conditions for the location of the production of exportable technological progress. 2) It follows that the monopoly of the industrialized countries is not temporary but dynamic and self renewing. 3) Free trade, in this case, will only reinforce the negative effects of this monopoly on international specialization and, therefore, reinforce the disparities between industrialized and developing countries. Given the absence of a supranational authority which could intervene against this monopoly, it is appropriate to consider the limits of the bilateral monopoly policy which the developing countries will apply, based on their primary commodities, and the role that OPEC can play in this context.

scholarly journals Green development of China’s Pan-Pearl River Delta mega-urban agglomeration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yue Li
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Green Development

AbstractMega-urban agglomerations in developing countries have been main parts of economic development. But at the same time, they have become the most prominent and sensitive areas of resource and environment problems. It is important to clarify the mechanism and driving factors of green growth in mega-urban agglomerations. Based on the panel data of 28 major cities in China's Pan-Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration from 2006 to 2015, this paper evaluates the level of green development of urban agglomeration by green total factor productivity index (GTFP) based on Global Malmquist DEA model, and decomposes GTFP into technological progress, pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and technological scale change. On this basis, this paper constructs a panel econometric model to analyze the influencing factors of GTFP and its decomposition factors. The results show that GTFP of Pan-Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration is growing, and the scale effect caused by technological progress is the main driving factor. Green development in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration takes into account efficiency and regional fairness, which causes differences in GTFP growth patterns of sub-urban agglomerations within mega-urban agglomerations. The technological progress and technical efficiency improvement are becoming the main driving force of GTFP growth in relatively backward areas. Furthermore, according to the influencing factors of GTFP and its decomposition factors, mega-urban agglomeration should eliminate internal administrative barriers to build an integrated market. It should also increase the proportion of technology industries in core cities, and give full play to the role of technology spillover effect on surrounding cities. In addition, improving the efficiency of resource and energy utilization is also helpful to promote the transformation of urban agglomeration development from factor-driven to efficiency-driven and innovation-driven. Our research results have implications for the coordinated development of economy and environment in developing countries.

scholarly journals Does the Impact of China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Reverse Green Technology Process Differ across Countries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songping Zhu ◽  
Azhong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

The reverse technology spillover effect of Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) has been widely discussed. In the context of pursuing green growth, a few scholars began to study the impact of OFDI on home country green technological progress or green total factor productivity. However, few of these papers have made a thorough analysis of how OFDI affects the home country’s green technological progress, and have not considered the impact of different types of OFDI on green technological progress. This paper extends the basic analysis framework of technological progress to green technological progress, and discusses for the first time the ways for China to invest in developed and developing countries to achieve green technological progress. Specifically, this paper combines the global Malmquist productivity concept with the directional distance function to construct the global Malmquist Luenberger (GML) index to describe green technological progress of China’s provinces, and uses panel data model from 2003 to 2016 to study the impact of China’s investment in different types of countries. The results show that: (1) China’s investment in developed countries can bring reverse green technology spillovers and promote China’s green technology progress. But this is also affected by China’s domestic human capital stock, the increase in human capital stock is conducive to the absorption of green technology. (2) OFDI flows to transition or developing countries have failed to bring about green technological progress, but domestic R&D capital stock can produce a control response. (3) Environmental regulation, import trade and domestic R&D capital stock can bring positive effects on green technology progress, while foreign direct investment, fiscal decentralization and economic growth hinder green technology progress. (4) There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of OFDI with different directions on green technological progress. Because of environmental regulation and economic development, the eastern region of China is easier to obtain reverse green technology progress than the central and western regions in the process of OFDI.

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