Analysis of Soil Liquefaction Potential through Three Field Tests-Based Methods: A Case Study of Babol City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hasanzadeh ◽  
◽  
Sadegh Rezaei ◽  
Issa Shooshpasha ◽  
Yasser Ebrahimian Ghajary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
Seismic Area ◽  
Liquefaction Assessment

During earthquakes, ground failure is commonly caused by liquefaction. Thus, assessment of soil liquefaction potential in earthquake-prone regions is a crucial step towards reducing earthquake hazard. Since Babol city in Iran country is located in a high seismic area, estimation of soil liquefaction potential is of great importance in this city. For this purpose, in the present research, using field-based methods and geotechnical data (such as unit weight of soil, relative density, SPT number, shear wave velocity and cone tip resistance) of 60 available boreholes in Babol, three liquefaction maps were provided. Finally, one comprehensive liquefaction map was presented for soil of Babol city. The obtained results in this paper are well in line with the previous investigations. Based on the results, the factor of safety in 45% of the study area is less than one (liquefaction occurrence). In addition, the results indicate that since each field-based method requires particular data, applying various field tests is necessary for a more accurate liquefaction assessment.

scholarly journals Liquefaction hazard assessment and ground failure probability analysis in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandip Subedi ◽  
Indra Prasad Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Scenario Earthquakes ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard

AbstractDuring the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake (Mw7.8), extensive soil liquefaction was observed across the Kathmandu Valley. As a densely populated urban settlement, the assessment of liquefaction potential of the valley is crucial especially for ensuring the safety of engineering structures. In this study, we use borehole data including SPT-N values of 410 locations in the valley to assess the susceptibility, hazard, and risk of liquefaction of the valley soil considering three likely-to-recur scenario earthquakes. Some of the existing and frequently used analysis and computation methods are employed for the assessments, and the obtained results are presented in the form of liquefaction hazard maps indicating factor of safety, liquefaction potential index, and probability of ground failure (PG). The assessment results reveal that most of the areas have medium to very high liquefaction susceptibility, and that the central and southern parts of the valley are more susceptible to liquefaction and are at greater risk of liquefaction damage than the northern parts. The assessment outcomes are validated with the field manifestations during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. The target SPT-N values (Nimproved) at potentially liquefiable areas are determined using back analysis to ascertain no liquefaction during the aforesaid three scenario earthquakes.

scholarly journals THE RESULTS OF CORELATION BETWEEN CONE TIP RESISTANCE, PUSH-IN PRESSURE LOAD CELLS AND A COMPRESSION DEVICE / KŪGINIO STIPRIO IR GILIOJO SPRAUSTINIO PAMATO PAGRINDO LAIKOMOSIOS GALIOS BANDYMU, TAIP PAT KITAIS METODAIS NUSTATYTŲ DEFORMACIJŲ MODULIŲ PRIKLAU

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tautvydas Statkus ◽  
Vaidas Martinkus
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Cohesionless Soil ◽  
Soil Deformation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Compression Device ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The article is aimed at identifying the correlation between soilcone resistance and soil deformation modules determined referringto the results of tested data on deep foundation bearingcapacity, the push-in pressure cell and the use of an oedometer.Physical and mechanical properties of soil have been determinedconducting laboratory and field tests. After regression analyses,the correlation between cone resistance and different kinds ofsoil deformation modules have been given. The results of theexperimental study can be used for predicting a practical approachto deep foundation in cohesionless soil. Santrauka Šio straipsnio tikslas yra nustatyti priklausomybes tarp grunto kūginio stiprio ir grunto deformacijų modulių, gautų iš giliojo pamato pagrindo laikomosios galios bandymų duomenų, taip pat grunto tyrimo įspraudžiamaisiais horizontaliojo slėgio matuokliais bei kompresiniu aparatu. Straipsnyje pateiktos tiriamojo orasausio smėlinio grunto fizinės ir mechaninės savybės nustatytos laboratoriniais ir lauko tyrimo metodais. Atlikus regresinę bandymų duomenų analizę straipsnio išvadose pateiktos minėtų dydžių priklausomybės. Tyrimo duomenys gali būti panaudoti sudarant praktinį metodą giliųjų spraustinių pamatų smėlinių pagrindų nuosėdžiams prognozuoti.

scholarly journals EVALUATING LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL OF PUMICEOUS DEPOSITS THROUGH FIELD TESTING: CASE STUDY OF THE 1987 EDGECUMBE EARTHQUAKE

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Rolando Orense ◽  
Mohammad Asadi ◽  
Mark Stringer ◽  
Michael Pender
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Resistance ◽  
Testing Case

Pumice materials, which are problematic from an engineering viewpoint, are widespread in the central part of the North Island. Considering the impacts of the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes, a clear understanding of their properties under earthquake loading is necessary. For example, the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake showed evidence of localised liquefaction of sands of volcanic origin. To elucidate on this, research was undertaken to investigate whether existing empirical field-based methods to evaluate the liquefaction potential of sands, which were originally developed for hard-grained soils, are applicable to crushable pumice-rich deposits. For this purpose, two sites, one in Whakatane and another in Edgecumbe, were selected where the occurrence of liquefaction was reported following the Edgecumbe earthquake. Manifestations of soil liquefaction, such as sand boils and ejected materials, have been reported at both sites. Field tests, including cone penetration tests (CPT), shear-wave velocity profiling, and screw driving sounding (SDS) tests were performed at the sites. Then, considering estimated peak ground accelerations (PGAs) at the sites based on recorded motions and possible range of ground water table locations, liquefaction analysis was conducted at the sites using available empirical approaches. To clarify the results of the analysis, undisturbed soil samples were obtained at both sites to investigate the laboratory-derived cyclic resistance ratios and to compare with the field-estimated values. Research results clearly showed that these pumice-rich soils do not fit existing liquefaction assessment frameworks and alternate methods are necessary to characterise them.

Observations on the development of pore-water stresses during piezocone penetration in clays

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Mayne ◽  
Fred H. Kulhawy ◽  
J. Neil Kay
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
Porous Element ◽  
Penetration Tests

Piezocone data from 83 clay sites are reviewed to investigate first-order trends between measured penetration pore-water stresses (ut and ubt) and corrected cone-tip resistance (qT). It is shown that the presence of fissures in clay deposits and of fissured crusts significantly affects the pore water stress response. Commercially available piezocones primarily favor the location of the porous element either (1) on the cone tip or face (ut) or (2) just behind the tip (ubt). The former (ut) provides optimal profiling while the latter (ubt) is required for correcting measured cone-tip resistances for pore-water stress effects acting on unequal areas of the cone. The available data indicate that qT predominantly reflects penetration pore-water stresses (ut) with measured ratios of ut/qT on the cone face averaging in the order of 0.73 for most intact clays, 0.64 specifically for Leda clays, and 0.46 for fissured clays. Behind the cone tip, the ratio of ubt/qT averages about 0.53 for intact clays, 0.58 specifically for Leda clays, and near zero or slightly negative for heavily overconsolidated fissured clays. Key words: clays, cone penetrometers, field tests, fissuring, in situ tests, penetration tests, piezocones, pore-water stresses.

Correlation of Soil Liquefaction Potential Index and Geotechnical Properties for Baghdad City, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6A) ◽  
pp. 813-824
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Karim ◽  
Zeena W. Samueel ◽  
Dalia A. Abdul Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Liquefaction Potential Index ◽  
Potential Index

This paper comprises the study and analysis of Baghdad soil for eight geotechnical properties, which extract from field experiments of 630 boreholes with depth taken to 30m and representing 200 sites. Soil investigation reports are composed   from altered laboratory tests. The soil layers. Divided into each 2m, which means 15 studied’ layers and soil properties values were embraced and submitted.  in tables and charts which have been analysis-using excel2013 and check the charts using curve expert program to get the relationships between the properties values and the factor   of safety against liquefaction. The correlations between liquefaction potential represented by the safety factor and soil properties for the available data of 200   sites in Baghdad have been studied and statistically studied ‘to evaluate both of soil properties and liquefaction potential index. Eight factors affecting liquefaction have been correlated with factor of safety for all earthquake magnitudes (ML= 4to 6.5 with 0.5 interval). These factors are, groundwater table, fill layer depth, standard penetration test (SPT- N value), saturated unit’ weight (γ), Relative density (Dr %), soil fractions (clay, silt and sand %), and total settlement (Stot). For better correlations, the same factors have been correlated with safety factor but for each earthquake magnitude alone.

Reliability Analysis of Liquefaction for Some Regions of Bihar

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Sujeet Kumar Umar ◽  
Pijush Samui ◽  
Sunita Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
First Order ◽  
Seismic Liquefaction ◽  
Method Factor ◽  
First Order Second Moment ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Bihar State ◽  
Liquefaction Assessment

There are many deterministic and probabilistic liquefaction assessment measures to classify if soil liquefaction will take place or not. Different approaches give dissimilar safety factor and liquefaction probabilities. So, reliability analysis is required to deal with these different uncertainties. This paper describes a reliability technique for predicting the seismic liquefaction potential of soils of some areas at Bihar State. Here a reliability approach has been presented in order to find the probability of liquefaction. The proposed approach is formulated on the basis of the results of reliability analyses of 234 field data. Using a deterministic simplified Idriss and Boulanger method, factor of safety of soil has been accessed. The reliability index as well as corresponding probability of liquefaction has been determined based on a First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method. The developed method can be used as a robust tool for engineers concerned in the estimation of liquefaction potential.

scholarly journals Predicting the liquefaction potential of soil layers in Tabriz city via artificial neural network analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alizadeh Mansouri ◽  
Rouzbeh Dabiri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Prediction Approach ◽  
Empirical Approaches

AbstractSoil liquefaction is a phenomenon through which saturated soil completely loses its strength and hardness and behaves the same as a liquid due to the severe stress it entails. This stress can be caused by earthquakes or sudden changes in soil stress conditions. Many empirical approaches have been proposed for predicting the potential of liquefaction, each of which includes advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a novel prediction approach is proposed based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to adequately predict the potential of liquefaction in a specific range of soil properties. To this end, a whole set of 100 soil data is collected to calculate the potential of liquefaction via empirical approaches in Tabriz, Iran. Then, the results of the empirical approaches are utilized for data training in an ANN, which is considered as an option to predict liquefaction for the first time in Tabriz. The achieved configuration of the ANN is utilized to predict the liquefaction of 10 other data sets for validation purposes. According to the obtained results, a well-trained ANN is capable of predicting the liquefaction potential through error values of less than 5%, which represents the reliability of the proposed approach.

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