scholarly journals Perception of the parents of children with intestinal stoma regarding the nursing orientations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Maria Bezerra Maia ◽  
Gisela Maria Assis
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Study Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Intestinal Elimination ◽  
Search For Information

Objective: The present study aimed to identify the perception of the parents of children with intestinal elimination stoma about the guidelines received by the health team during hospitalization for their preparation. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study. Data collector occurred in the pediatric surgery ward of a university hospital through a semi-structured interview, recorded and composed of open and closed questions. Results: Nine parents of children with intestinal elimination stoma were followed up by the pediatric surgery team. Subsequently, it was submitted to the simple and categorical statistical analysis of Bardin. Regarding the main complications, the presence of dermatitis was indicated by 100% of the sample and the fungal infections followed by prolapse by 44.4%. The study showed that the lack of knowledge results in complications and insecurity. The support network is one of the resources used to search for information. A manual with guidelines was pointed out as a strategy for home care. Conclusion: Despite the failures in the guiding and supporting parents of children with a stoma, the feedbacks to help with changes and suggestions for valid strategies were important.

scholarly journals Infecções fúngicas e bacterianas em portadores de hiv hospitalizados

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lemes de Aquino ◽  
Adriana Lemos Sousa Neto ◽  
Lorena Silva Vargas ◽  
Anaísa Filmiano Andrade Lopes ◽  
Aline Maria Santos Aganhoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

RESUMOObjetivo: investigar a ocorrência de infecções fúngicas e bacterianas nos pacientes portadores de HIV hospitalizados em um hospital universitário. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, tipo transversal. Coletar-se-ão dados dos pacientes que estiveram internados em um hospital universitário, acometidos por infecção pelo HIV, por meio de pesquisa em prontuários impressos e eletrônicos. Resultados esperados: pretende-se conhecer a frequência de infecções fúngicas e bacterianas, especialmente a tuberculose, que acometem o paciente portador do HIV e a eficiência da hemocultura como diagnóstico de infecções bacterianas e fúngicas invasivas. Descritores: HIV; Coinfecção; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Infecções Bacterianas; Infecção Hospitalar; Terapia Combinada. ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the occurrence of fungal and bacterial infections in hospitalized HIV patients in a university hospital. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Data will be collected from patients who were hospitalized in a university hospital, suffering from HIV infection, through research in printed and electronic medical records. Expected results: we intend to know the frequency of fungal and bacterial infections, especially tuberculosis, that affects the patient with HIV and the efficiency of blood culture as a diagnosis of invasive bacterial and fungal infections. Descriptors: HIV; Coinfection; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Bacterial Infections; Hospital Infection; Combined Therapy. RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar La ocurrencia de infecciones fúngicas y bacterianas en los pacientes portadores de VIH hospitalizados en un hospital universitario. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo transversal. Se recolectarán los datos de los pacientes que estuvieron internados en un hospital universitario, acometidos por infección por el VIH, por medio de investigaciones en prontuarios impresos y electrónicos. Resultados esperados: se pretende conocer la frecuencia de infecciones fúngicas y bacterianas, especialmente la tuberculosis, que afectan al paciente portador del VIH y la eficiencia de la hemocultura como diagnóstico de infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas invasivas. Descritores: VIH; Coinfección; Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida; Infecciones Bacterianas y Micosis; Infección Hospitalaria; Terapia Combinada. 

Communication Difficulties and Psychoemotional Distress in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Khalaila ◽  
Wajdi Zbidat ◽  
Kabaha Anwar ◽  
Abed Bayya ◽  
David M. Linton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stressful Experiences ◽  
Communication Methods

Background Difficulties in communication in intensive care patients receiving mechanical ventilation are a source of stressful experiences and psychoemotional distress. Objectives To examine the association between communication characteristics and psychoemotional distress among patients treated with mechanical ventilation in a medical intensive care unit and to identify factors that may be predictive of psychological outcomes. Methods A total of 65 critically ill patients, extubated within the preceding 72 hours, were included in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected by using a structured interview. Separate regression analysis of data on 3 psychoemotional outcomes (psychological distress, fear, and anger) were used for baseline variables, communication characteristics, and stressful experiences. Results Difficulty in communication was a positive predictor of patients’ psychological distress, and length of anesthesia was a negative predictor. Fear and anger were also positively related to difficulty in communication. In addition, the number of communication methods was negatively associated with feelings of fear and anger. Finally, the stressful experiences associated with the endotracheal tube were positively related to feelings of anger. Conclusions Patients treated with mechanical ventilation experience a moderate to extreme level of psychoemotional distress because they cannot speak and communicate their needs. Nurses should be aware of the patients’ need to communicate. Decreasing stressful experiences associated with the endotracheal tube and implementing more appropriate communication methods may reduce patients’ distress.

scholarly journals Perfil Clínico-Epidemiológico de Pacientes Assistidos em Clínica de Hipertensão

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Binca Rafaela Correia ◽  
Denize Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
Queliane Gomes da Silva Carvalho ◽  
Ana Larissa Gomes Machado ◽  
Cristina Albuquerque Douberin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica - HAS é uma doença crônica, que constitui importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de problemas cardiovasculares e cerca de 7,5 milhões de mortes no mundo são causadas por ela. Objetivos: o estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica atendidos em um Hospital Universitário de Pernambuco-PE. Material e Métodos: estudo transversal descritivo, realizado junto a 66 pacientes, no período de setembro a novembro de 2013. Foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico de HAS, maiores de 18 anos e se utilizou um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Foram respeitados os princípios éticos. Resultados: o perfil sociedemográfico dos pacientes evidenciou predominância de mulheres, indivíduos idosos, com baixa escolaridade e renda. Quanto ao perfil clínico e epidemiológico se observou alteração da pressão arterial, na maioria dos pacientes, acompanhados, e predominância da obesidade/sobrepeso. Verificou-se associação estatística entre as variáveis: tabagismo e os valores de Pressão Arterial Diastólica (P = 0,001). Conclusão: os dados subsidiam o reconhecimento do perfil dos usuários, reforçando a importância de acompanhamento no setor primário, primando pela prevenção de agravos e emponderamento do paciente neste contexto.Palavras-chave: Cuidados de Enfermagem. Hipertensão. Perfil de Saúde.AbstractSystemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is a chronic disease that is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and about 7.5 million deaths worldwide are caused by it. Objectives: The study aims to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension serviced in a University Hospital in Pernambuco-PE. Material and Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, performed with 66 patients in the period from September to November of 2013. The patients with SAH over 18 years old were included and used a semi-structured interview script. Ethical principles were respected. Results: The patients’ sociodemographic profile showed a predominance of women, elderly, with low education and income. The clinical and epidemiological profile demonstrated changes in blood pressure in most patients followed, as well as prevalence of obesity/overweight. There was a statistical association between smoking and variable values of diastolic blood pressure (P = 0,001). Conclusion: The research data subsidize the users’ profile, reinforcing the importance of monitoring the primary sector, striving for disease prevention and patient empowerment in this context.Keywords: Nursing Care. Hypertension. Health Profile.

Skilled attendance at delivery: profile of nursing staff in maternity units from Alfenas city, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Eliana Peres Rocha ◽  
Maria José Clapis ◽  
Christianne Alves Pereira Calheiros
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the profile of nursing professionals providing care to pregnant women in maternity Alfenas-MG. Method: this is about a descriptive cross sectional study from quantitative approach. All nursing professionals (24) who worked in the care of patients participated in this study. Data collection was performed during the period from June to September 2008 using a structured interview. This study was conducted according to ethical principles of research and approved by the Ethics in Research of Universidade Federal de Alfenas/MG, under protocol number3087.001016/2008-98. Results: there was a lack of midwife in the team, keeping workload of 49.17 hours/week, 91.6% being female. As the professional category, the prevailing mid-level professionals with informal training and monitoring at work those with greater experience in the area. Conclusion it is understood that these professionals are not qualified for the obstetric care according to criteria of World Health Organization (WHO), highlighting the need for qualification of this team that assists women in maternity Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descriptors: nursing; obstetric nursing; delivery; professional competence; qualified attention. RESUMOObjetivo: identificar o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem que atendem as parturientes em maternidades de Alfenas-MG. Método: estudo descritivo de corte transversal com abordagem metodológica quantitativa. Participaram deste estudo todos os profissionais de enfermagem (24) que atuam na assistência às parturientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de junho a setembro de 2008, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Este estudo foi conduzido segundo os preceitos éticos da pesquisa e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Alfenas/MG, sob o protocolo nº 23087.001016/2008-98. Resultados: verificou-se a ausência de enfermeira obstétrica na equipe, mantendo carga horária de trabalho de 49,17 horas/semana, sendo 91,6 % do sexo feminino . Quanto à categoria profissional, prevalecem os profissionais de nível médio com treinamento informal e acompanhamento durante o trabalho; os quais possuem maior experiência na área. Conclusão entende-se que esses profissionais não estão qualificados para o atendimento obstétrico segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), evidenciando-se a necessidade de qualificação dessa equipe que atende as mulheres nas maternidades de Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descritores: enfermagem; enfermagem obstétrica; parto; competência profissional; equipe de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar el perfil de los profesionales de enfermería que atienden a mujeres embarazadas en la maternidad Alfenas-MG. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal de enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron en este estudio, todos los profesionales de enfermería (24) que trabajan en el cuidado de los pacientes. Los datos fueron recolectados durante el período de junio a septiembre de 2008 utilizando una entrevista estructurada. Este estudio se realizó de acuerdo con los principios éticos de la investigación y aprobado por la Ética en la Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Alfenas - MG, en el marco del Protocolo 23087.001016/2008-98. Resultados Hubo una falta de matrona en el equipo, manteniendo la carga de trabajo de 49,17 horas a la semana, el 91,6% de ser mujer. A medida que la categoría profesional, la vigente de nivel medio profesionales con la formación informal y la supervisión en el trabajo, quienes tienen mayor experiencia en el área. Conclusión: se entiende que estos profesionales no están calificados para la atención obstétrica de acuerdo con los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), destacando la necesidad de calificación de este equipo que ayuda a las mujeres en la maternidad Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descriptores: enfermería; enfermería obstétrica; entrega; competencia profesional. 

Factors Influencing a University Hospital Nurses’ Intentions to Leave the Unit, Organisation and Profession: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250
Author(s):  
Hatice Çamveren ◽  
Gülseren Kocaman
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Intent To Leave ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related

Nurses’ organisational and professional attitudes play an important role in their intent to leave nursing, a serious problem worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the demographic and work-related characteristics, organisational-professional commitment, and job satisfaction, which are the predictors of nurses’ intent to leave their unit, organisation and profession. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 335 nurses working at a university hospital in Turkey. The multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the study data. While job satisfaction was the more powerful predictor of intent to leave the unit than were the commitment variables, affective commitment to the organisation was the more powerful predictor of intent to leave the organisation, and affective commitment to the profession was the more powerful predictor of intent to leave the profession. Different dimensions of commitment and job satisfaction are the predictors of intent to leave the unit, organisation and profession. The present study provided useful evidence for nurse managers and policy makers.

scholarly journals Knowledge about breast cancer and hereditary breast cancer among nurses in a public hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Maria Dornelles Prolla ◽  
Patrícia Santos da Silva ◽  
Cristina Brinckmann Oliveira Netto ◽  
José Roberto Goldim ◽  
Patricia Ashton-Prolla
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Hereditary Breast Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge of nurses involved in the care of oncology patients in a public university hospital, regarding breast cancer and hereditary breast cancer, and to verify the use of such knowledge in their daily practice.METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained through a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Out of 154 nurses, 137 (88.9%) agreed to participate in the study. Two questionnaires were excluded such that 135 questionnaires were analyzed.RESULTS: The global percentage of correct answers was not associated with age (p=0.173) or degree/specialization (p=0.815). Questions were classified into categories. In categories involving knowledge of established breast cancer risk factors and indicators of hereditary breast cancer, the rate of correct answers was 65.8% and 66.4%, respectively. On the practice of genetic counseling, 40.7% of those interviewed were not sure about the definition of genetic counseling and 78.5% reported never having identified or referred a patient at genetic risk for specialized risk assessment. Practice of educational actions regarding this subject was reported by 48.5% of those interviewed.CONCLUSION: This study reinforces the need to develop qualifying actions for nurses, so that strategies to control breast cancer become effective in their health care practice.

scholarly journals Public preferences for involvement in the governance of health data

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C De Freitas ◽  
M Amorim ◽  
E Leão Teles ◽  
T Maia ◽  
H Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Public involvement in the governance of epidemiological and public health studies can foster needs-driven research, enhance participants' recruitment, reduce attrition and improve the quality of and ethics in research and surveillance. However, it can also reinforce health inequalities if it fails to ensure public representation across socioeconomic gradients. This study aimed to assess patients' and carers' preferences for involvement in collective health data governance, and its associated factors, to strengthen the evidence base for policy development. Methods Between June 2019 and January 2020, 644 people (157 patients and 487 carers; participation rate=89.3%) followed at two reference centres for rare diseases in a university hospital from Northern Portugal were enrolled in an observational cross-sectional study. Data about willingness to participate in data governance was collected through four intersecting options: periodic or sporadic meetings, by either giving opinions (consultation) or participating in decision-making (deliberation). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results From a total of 629 respondents, 39% are willing to get involved through at least one of the four participatory options and 16% do not want to participate. Patients and carers do not differ in their preferences for involvement. Sex and education are associated with willingness to participate, after adjustment for participant type (patient/carer), occupation and trust in national and international institutions (OR:1.60; 95%CI 1.05-2.45 for men vs. women and OR:1.65; 95%CI 1.07-2.56 for >12 vs. ≤12 educational years). Participants' preferred option for participation is consultative sporadic meetings (29.5%). Conclusions Anticipating which social groups are likely to become under-represented in participatory exercises is crucial to inform policy aimed at promoting inclusive involvement in health data governance. Key messages Men and higher educated participants are more willing to participate. Forecasting potential for subgroup under-representation is crucial to develop policy for inclusive participatory data governance.

scholarly journals ONLINE HEALTH FORUM AS A SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE WHO PERFORM INTERMITTENT VESICAL CATHETERIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Favoretto ◽  
Fabiana Faleiros ◽  
Filipe Lopes ◽  
Giselle Freitas ◽  
Christoph Käppler
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Intermittent Catheterization ◽  
Online Forum ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the use of an online forum for people with myelomeningocele and their families and the profile of the users, based on intermittent catheterization. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study. Data was collected from users of the online forum, based on an online questionnaire available from March 20 to April 20, 2015. Sample consisted of 30 users. Descriptive statistical data analyses and chi-square test were performed. Results: among users, 27% were people with myelomeningocele and 73% were family members. Age, considering the total sample, ranged from 22 to 58 years old. Women represented 67% of the sample. Most users considered the language used in the forum understandable, and also thought the forum had a proper layout and was easy to navigate. It was noted that the mother and the person with myelomeningocele are the main responsible people for intermittent catheterization; 86% use a simple plastic catheter and 14% use a hydrophilic catheter; 81% do not reuse the catheter, 10% use the same catheter for one day and 9% for up to one week. The main place chosen to perform intermittent catheterization was the bed, followed by the toilet and wheelchairs. Conclusion: the use of the online forum was well evaluated by the users. It can be considered a means to obtain information, create a support network and clarify any doubts, empowering users and contributing to adherence to intermittent catheterization, which is one of the treatments for neurogenic bladder.

scholarly journals Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome (CSWS) and Potentially Fatal Neurosurgical Hyponatremia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Study Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Cerebral Salt Wasting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Wasting ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Salt Wasting Syndrome

Background: Hyponatremia is considered as a common electrolyte imbalance in hospitalized patients. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is an abnormality in the renal sodium transport in patients with intracranial disease, in the face of preserved thyroid and adrenal function. However, treatment of CSW and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) varies, making an accurate diagnosis significant. In order to differentiate CSWS from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), this study aimed to detect CSWS related hyponatremia (benign and reversible condition) in its early stages. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Ziauddin Medical University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from August 2016 to August 2019. All patients who had a cerebral lesion along with hyponatremia and natriuresis were included. Patients with SIADH, though considered in the differential diagnosis, were not included in the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 39 patients in a period of three years were found with CSWS-related hyponatremia, predominantly males 28(71.8%), who were operated for cranial tumors 15(38.46%). All 39(100%) had an increased uric acid level. After treatment 31(79.5%) developed post-florinef hypokalemia, while, potassium remained unaffected in 8(20.5%). Hypokalemia was noted in majority of the patients 31(79.5%) treated with fludrocortisones. Conclusion: Cerebral salt wasting syndrome was found high among males with cranial tumors. Hyponatremia in CSWS patients was found challenging if untreated might lead to mortality. However, treatment with intravenous normal saline and fludrocortisone was successful in this course. Keywords: Hyponatremia; Natriuresis; Hypovolemia; Syndrome.

scholarly journals Assessing The Knowledge and Attitudes of Group of Practicing Dentists in Saudi Arabia with Regards to Antifungal Prescriptions for The Treatment of Oral Candidiasis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 4358-4362
Author(s):  
Wael Mansy ◽  
Abdulaziz Alwakeel ◽  
Abdullah Alwakeel ◽  
Waad Alomran
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Fluconazole ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Candida albicans is the most prevalent causative species of oral fungal infections. This study was designed to assess the knowledge of dentists who are practicing in a dental university hospital regarding antifungal prescriptions for the treatment of oral candidiasis in a Riyadh city, SA. Material and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire were distributed among dentists of different specialties to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward antifungal prescription for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Statistical  analysis  was  carried out  to describe the properties of the sample in terms of frequencies and distribution while chi square test was used to compare the results between groups at level of significant P value ≤0.05 using  the  Statistical Packages for the Social Science (SPSS) Program. Results: A total of 130 completed questionnaires were received.  Males contributed 55.4% compared to 44.6% female counterparts. Topical antifungals were preferred by 85.4% of the participants. Topical Nystatin and oral fluconazole were the chosen antifungal agents by the dentists for the treatment of local (55.4%) and systemic (58.4%) fungal infections respectively. The challenge that was faced by most respondents (46%) is the lack of knowledge about the recommended dosage to be prescribed. Also, a significant difference in the knowledge was detected between dentists of different specialties. Conclusion: Most dentists will start with topical antifungal agents, nystatin suspension is the first medication of choice follow by miconazole and for the systemic antifungal agents oral fluconazole is first medication of choice. As for the adjunctive therapy most participants prescribed 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash.

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