scholarly journals Synthesis of matched filters.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Degtyaryov ◽  
◽  
I.L. Afonin ◽  
A.L. Polyakov ◽  
A.S. Kozhemyakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Matched Filter ◽  
Matched Filters ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Pulse Characteristics ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Complex Transmission

Methods for approximating the impulse response of a matched, physically realizable filter with the minimum required number of functional nodes are in thei focus of the paper. Methods for approximating the pulse characteristics of a matched filter are proposed, namely: approximation by causal physically realizable functions, which are the correlation functions of the pulse characteristics of low-pass filters (LPF) Butterworth; using the Fourier series to describe the complex transmission coefficient of the filter; direct use of the Fourier series to approximate the impulse response of a matched filter. As a result, the number of elements of the matched filter is significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Computing efficiency of the three-stage interpolated low pass filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
I. S. Savinykh ◽  
D. A. Chemasov
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Transition Band ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters

Undoubted advantages of finite impulse response filters are their unconditional stability, the absence of limit cycles and the possibility of implementing a filter that does not introduce phase distortion. The disadvantage of such filters is the large cost required to compute the response. This paper considers three-stage interpolated finite impulse response low-pass filters. The maximum values of the interpolation factors are determined. Dependences of the coefficient of computational efficiency and the coefficient of increase in the registers of the three-stage interpolated low-pass filter on the values of the interpolation factors, the widths of the passband and the transition band are obtained. Relations for determining the optimal values of interpolation factors corresponding to the maximal value of computational efficiency coefficient are obtained. In addition, the dependencies of the maximum coefficient of computational efficiency and the optimal coefficient of increase in the registers of the three-stage interpolated low-pass filter on the widths of the passband and the transition band at the optimum values of the interpolation factors are obtained. Considered three-stage interpolated low-pass filters should be used in the case when the required stopband is significantly less than the sampling rate. In this case, three- stage interpolated filters require less computational resources for calculating the response than the two-stage interpolated filters or filter implemented by the transversal structure.

Quantitative uranium determinations from gamma‐ray logs by application of digital time series analysis

Geophysics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Conaway ◽  
P. G. Killeen
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Counting Interval ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
On Line ◽  
Complex Sequences ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
Point Detector ◽  
Digital Time

The desired output from a gamma‐ray logging system in mining applications is an accurate log of the quantitative distribution of radioelements with depth along the borehole. However, the measured log is not the desired output, but it may be visualized as the desired output modified by a series of low‐pass filters of various characteristics. These filters can be related to the distance interval over which each count is made (or the analog ratemeter time constant), the detector length, and the “geologic impulse response” (the response of a point detector to an infinitesimally thin layer of ore of a known grade). In effect, this means that the response due to thin beds is lower than expected, and the resolution will be reduced. An understanding of the nature and properties of these filters will aid in the proper evaluation of the log. To optimize the accuracy and resolution of quantitative uranium (or other radioelement) determinations, especially in thin beds and complex sequences, it is necessary to keep the counting interval short, and to compensate for the effect of the geologic impulse response. Although the effect of the geologic impulse response may be removed in any of several ways, the use of a simple inverse convolution operator as described here allows the data to be processed on‐line, essentially in real time, using a microprocessor or portable minicomputer.

Ku/Ka-band Compact Orthomode Junction with Low Pass Filters for High Power Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol E98.C (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Hidenori YUKAWA ◽  
Koji YOSHIDA ◽  
Tomohiro MIZUNO ◽  
Tetsu OWADA ◽  
Moriyasu MIYAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters

Mathematical Model of Low-Pass Filters

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Jose de Jesus Rubio ◽  
Diana M. Vazquez ◽  
Jaime Pacheco ◽  
Vicente Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters

scholarly journals Delay Equivalences in Tuning PID Control for the Double Integrator Plus Dead-Time

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Mikulas Huba ◽  
Damir Vrancic
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Implementation Problem ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
Double Integrator

The paper investigates and explains a new simple analytical tuning of proportional-integrative-derivative (PID) controllers. In combination with nth order series binomial low-pass filters, they are to be applied to the double-integrator-plus-dead-time (DIPDT) plant models. With respect to the use of derivatives, it should be understood that the design of appropriate filters is not only an implementation problem. Rather, it is also critical for the resulting performance, robustness and noise attenuation. To simplify controller commissioning, integrated tuning procedures (ITPs) based on three different concepts of filter delay equivalences are presented. For simultaneous determination of controller + filter parameters, the design uses the multiple real dominant poles method. The excellent control loop performance in a noisy environment and the specific advantages and disadvantages of the resulting equivalences are discussed. The results show that none of them is globally optimal. Each of them is advantageous only for certain noise levels and the desired degree of their filtering.

scholarly journals 1.0 V-0.18 µm CMOS Tunable Low Pass Filters with 73 dB DR for On-Chip Sensing Acquisition Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Jorge Pérez-Bailón ◽  
Belén Calvo ◽  
Nicolás Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Current Steering ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Low Pass Filters

This paper presents a new approach based on the use of a Current Steering (CS) technique for the design of fully integrated Gm–C Low Pass Filters (LPF) with sub-Hz to kHz tunable cut-off frequencies and an enhanced power-area-dynamic range trade-off. The proposed approach has been experimentally validated by two different first-order single-ended LPFs designed in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology powered by a 1.0 V single supply: a folded-OTA based LPF and a mirrored-OTA based LPF. The first one exhibits a constant power consumption of 180 nW at 100 nA bias current with an active area of 0.00135 mm2 and a tunable cutoff frequency that spans over 4 orders of magnitude (~100 mHz–152 Hz @ CL = 50 pF) preserving dynamic figures greater than 78 dB. The second one exhibits a power consumption of 1.75 µW at 500 nA with an active area of 0.0137 mm2 and a tunable cutoff frequency that spans over 5 orders of magnitude (~80 mHz–~1.2 kHz @ CL = 50 pF) preserving a dynamic range greater than 73 dB. Compared with previously reported filters, this proposal is a competitive solution while satisfying the low-voltage low-power on-chip constraints, becoming a preferable choice for general-purpose reconfigurable front-end sensor interfaces.

scholarly journals Frequency-preference response in covalent modification cycles under substrate sequestration conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Reves Szemere ◽  
Horacio G. Rotstein ◽  
Alejandra C. Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Covalent Modification ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Pass Filters ◽  
Periodic Inputs ◽  
Preferred Frequency Response

AbstractCovalent modification cycles (CMCs) are basic units of signaling systems and their properties are well understood. However, their behavior has been mostly characterized in situations where the substrate is in excess over the modifying enzymes. Experimental data on protein abundance suggest that the enzymes and their target proteins are present in comparable concentrations, leading to substrate sequestration by the enzymes. In this enzyme-in-excess regime, CMCs have been shown to exhibit signal termination, the ability of the product to return to a stationary value lower than its peak in response to constant stimulation, while this stimulation is still active, with possible implications for the ability of systems to adapt to environmental inputs. We characterize the conditions leading to signal termination in CMCs in the enzyme-in-excess regime. We also demonstrate that this behavior leads to a preferred frequency response (band-pass filters) when the cycle is subjected to periodic stimulation, whereas the literature reports that CMCs investigated so far behave as low-pass filters. We characterize the relationship between signal termination and the preferred frequency response to periodic inputs and we explore the dynamic mechanism underlying these phenomena. Finally, we describe how the behavior of CMCs is reflected in similar types of responses in the cascades of which they are part. Evidence of protein abundance in vivo shows that enzymes and substrates are present in comparable concentrations, thus suggesting that signal termination and frequency-preference response to periodic inputs are also important dynamic features of cell signaling systems, which have been overlooked.

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