scholarly journals Segetal flora of some regions of Russia: characteristics of the taxonomic structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Tretyakova ◽  
O. G. Baranova ◽  
N. N. Luneva ◽  
T. A. Terekhina ◽  
S. M. Yamalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Rostov Province ◽  
Segetal Flora

The authors’ data on the weed species composition in 8 geographic regions of the Russian Federation were laid at the basis of this survey. The segetal flora comprised weeds of cereals, root crops, and perennial grasses. The composition and taxonomic structure of weed species were analyzed. The total number of weedy plants encompassed 686 plant species. The level of regional weed species diversity was positively related to the area planted. Altai Territory, Udmurtia, and Rostov Province had the greatest weed species diversity, with more than 300 species, while Vologda Province had the lowest diversity (193 species). Most species-rich plant families (Asteraceae Dumort., Poaceae Barnhart, Fabaceae Lindl., Brassicaceae Burnet), genera (Potentila L., Artemisia L., Veronica L., Chenopodium L., Silene L., Trifolium L.), their subsequences, contributions of singlespecies families (17–39%) and genera (57–74%) were relatively stable systematic structure indicators. Only 18% of the species were common for all the regions. In each region there were region-specific groups of species. Weed species compositions in geographically close regions – the European part of Russia and the Urals – showed the greatest similarity. As for geographically distant regions (Altai Territory and Rostov Province), their weedy species compositions were distant and contained large groups of region-specific species.

scholarly journals A database of weed plants in the European part of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyona Tretyakova ◽  
Nickolay Grudanov ◽  
Pavel Kondratkov ◽  
Olga Baranova ◽  
Natalya Luneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
European Part ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Winter Crops

Weeds are plants that, although not specially cultivated, grow and often adapt to growing in arable lands. They form an ecological variant of flora, as a historically-formed set of species growing on cultivated soils. For the rational use of the chemical and biological crop protection products and to produce safe and high-quality food, up-to-date data on the floristic diversity of weeds and the patterns of its geographical change are required. The need for a weeds' database arises that allows many specialists to work together independently. However, the great value of any database lies not in its existence, but in the accumulation of data that can be used to analyse the factors affecting the species diversity of weeds. A dataset of weed species diversity and their distribution in the European part of Russia, based on the results of the authors' own research from 1999 to 2019, has been created. The dataset includes 24,284 observations of occurrences of weed plants, which were obtained on the basis of 2,049 relevés of segetal plant communities in seven regions of the European part of Russia. In total, the dataset includes information about 329 species of vascular plants growing in 65 farmlands: cereals, spring and winter crops, industrial crops, row crops and perennial grasses (Tretyakova et al. 2020).

scholarly journals The species diversity of cereal and root communities in the municipalities located in the strug river valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Maria Ziaja
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Segetal Flora

The research on segetal flora and agricultural ecosystems has gained special importance in recent years, since they are an important element in biodiversity conservation. An evaluation of the status of the segetal flora was made on the basis of a study conducted in the period 1998–2002 in crop fields of four municipalities located in the Strug River valley in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. This research was carried out in root and cereal crops. Total species richness and the average number of species per relevé were determined in this study. In determining species diversity of the communities, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) was used. In cereal crops, the community <em>Vicietum tetraspermae typicum </em>was characterized by the greatest species richness (109 species), while <em>Vicietum tetraspermae consolidetosum </em>showed the lowest richness (57 species). In root crops, the association <em>Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi </em>exhibited the greatest richness (78 species), whereas <em>Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum </em>the lowest richness (53 species). In the cereal communities, a total 149 of weed species were recorded, while in the root communities their total number was 97. The values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranged from 3.10 to 2.42. The phytocoenoses <em>Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi, Vicietum tetraspermae typicum,</em> and<em> Vicietum tetraspermae</em>, the<em> </em>variant with<em> Vicia grandiflora, </em>were characterized by the highest values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), whereas the association <em>Galinsogo-Setarietum typicum</em> and the impoverished communities from the alliance <em>Aperion spicae-venti </em>showed the lowest values.

The state of soil microbiotes during sunflower growing with an herbicide of imidazolinone group

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kostyuchenko ◽  
Viktor Lyakh ◽  
Anatoliy Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The State ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The effects of various concentrations of herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus on the state of microbiota in the root zone of sunflower have been studied. Soil of plant rhizosphere and interrow soil after treatment with the herbicide at the doses of 1.2 and 2.5 l/ha were taken for the analysis at the end of sunflower growing season. Rhizosphere soil without herbicide application was used as a control. The herbicide was applied at the stage of 2–4 true leaves. The total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere of control plants was 12.82 million CFU/g of soil while in the rhizosphere and in the interrow soil after herbicide treatment with a dose of 2.5 l/ha it decreased by 1.4–1.5 times. A general trend of decline in number of the basic ecological and trophic groups of bacterial microorganisms with the increase in a dose of herbicide was established. Microbiological coefficients that reflect the functional activity of the microflora indicate changes in its biological activity under the influence of the herbicide Euro-Lightning Plus, which leads to deterioration in the agroecological state of the studied soils. It was also found that herbicide application resulted in a rearrangement of micromycete complexes in the root zone of sunflower which led to a two-fold reduction, compared to the control, of mycobiota species diversity and the formation of a specific species composition of mycocenoses. A greater genus and species diversity of fungi of the microflora in the rhizosphere of control plants, in comparison with the herbicide-treated soil, was revealed. A reduction in species diversity of the genus Penicillium from six species in the control to 1–2 species in the rhizosphere of experimental sunflower plants as well as the absence of rare saprophytic fungi species from the genera Acremonium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces were noted.

Effect of Artificial Grassland Establishing on the Vegetation Restoration in the Degraded Ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3474-3478
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Annual Grasses

Experiment was executed to plant Bromus inermis artificially in the degraded ecosystem, and study effect of grass planting on vegetation restoration. The results indicated that natural vegetation restored rapidly in the degraded ecosystem in two years after grass planted. But species diversity changed little in the early period of vegetation restoration, while vegetation biomass, coverage and anti-interference improved quickly. In addition, species number and important value of perennial grasses increased while those of annual grasses decreased. Then community composition with annual plants mainly changed gradually into that with perennial plants mainly after Bromus inermis planted. However, overground biomass and coverage of restored vegetation and dominance of Bromus inermis planted decreased after vegetation cut once a year. And species diversity and important value of annual grasses increased. Thus it could be good for uniformity of species distribution and stability of community composition and structure to develop.

scholarly journals Analysis of high-mountain vegetation of the Kurai Ridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00102
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Popova ◽  
Evgeniy Sinkovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Position ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Mountain Vegetation ◽  
Plant Families

The paper presents a taxonomic, areographic and belt-andzonal analysis of the high-mountain flora of the Kurai Ridge. The flora of the region in question contains 312 species of plants, referred to 143 genera belonging to 48 families. Analysis of the taxonomic structure of the high-mountain flora of the Kurai Ridge has shown the following most abundant plant families: Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Poaceae. For the variety of the genera, the following genera are predominant: Carex, Pedicularis, Salix, and Oxytropis. The areographic analysis has demonstrated that the said species are of the North Asian (21 %), South Siberian (19.4 %) and Holarctic (17.4 %) origins. Dominant in the belt-and-zonal range are the following species: high-mountain (23.2 %), light-coniferous forest (17.7 %) and Arctic Alpine (17.4 %) species. In general, the composition and structure of the high-mountain flora of the Kurai Ridge are determined by its geographic position at the boundary of Central and South-Eastern Altai and by decrease in the amount of precipitation in the south-eastern direction.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of distribution of unseeded species in crops of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
V. Olifirovich
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Weed Infestation

The article investigated the species composition and dynamics of changes in the contamination of agrophytocenoses of perennial grasses, depending on the composition of the grass mixture and the mode of use of the grass stand. In the crops of perennial grasses, 34 weed species belonging to 12 botanical kind were found in the first three years of use of the grass stand. In the structure of weed infestation of perennial grasses, the species of the Astra kind of weeds dominated, which were represented by stanktis annual, dandelion, yarrow, field thistle.

What drives plant biodiversity in the clay floodplain grasslands of NSW?

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lewis ◽  
Peter J. Clarke ◽  
Ralph D. B. Whalley ◽  
Nick Reid
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Plant Families

An assessment of the relative influences of management and environment on the composition of floodplain grasslands of north-western New South Wales was made using a regional vegetation survey sampling a range of land tenures (e.g. private property, travelling stock routes and nature reserves). A total of 364 taxa belonging to 55 different plant families was recorded. Partitioning of variance with redundancy analysis determined that environmental variables accounted for a greater proportion (61.3%) of the explained variance in species composition than disturbance-related variables (37.6%). Soil type (and fertility), sampling time and rainfall had a strong influence on species composition and there were also east–west variations in composition across the region. Of the disturbance-related variables, cultivation, stocking rate and flooding frequency were all influential. Total, native, forb, shrub and subshrub richness were positively correlated with increasing time since cultivation. Flood frequency was positively correlated with graminoid species richness and was negatively correlated with total and forb species richness. Site species richness was also influenced by environmental variables (e.g. soil type and rainfall). Despite the resilience of these grasslands, some forms of severe disturbance (e.g. several years of cultivation) can result in removal of some dominant perennial grasses (e.g. Astrebla spp.) and an increase in disturbance specialists. A simple heuristic transitional model is proposed that has conceptual thresholds for plant biodiversity status. This knowledge representation may be used to assist in the management of these grasslands by defining four broad levels of community richness and the drivers that change this status.

Management of Ventenata dubia in the inland Pacific Northwest with indaziflam

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay E. Koby ◽  
Timothy S. Prather ◽  
Harold Quicke ◽  
Jared Beuschlein ◽  
Ian C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Cover Class ◽  
Visual Assessments

AbstractVentenata [Ventenata dubia (Leers) Cross] is a winter annual grass relatively new to the inland Pacific Northwest that is capable of displacing desired vegetation. Indaziflam was evaluated for the management of V. dubia on two Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sites near Moscow, ID, and Pullman, WA. While perennial grasses were dormant, applications of indaziflam in mixture with various herbicides were made in spring 2016. Treatment effects were evaluated for 2 yr by visual assessments of community composition and canopy cover of V. dubia and other non-weedy species (assessments occurred 3 to 6 mo after treatment, depending on location) and by representative cover class assessments. Biomass samples of all plant species were collected in the summer of 2017. Reduced V. dubia cover was observed in 2016, except when glyphosate was used alone. In 2017 indaziflam applied alone or in mixture with rimsulfuron effectively controlled V. dubia with minimal impact on desirable vegetation. Plant biomass from nontreated plots averaged 40 g m−2 for V. dubia and 100 to 179 g m−2 for perennial grasses. Plant biomass averaged <11 g m−2 for V. dubia and 371 to 490 g m−2 for perennial grasses when indaziflam at 102 g ai ha−1 plus glyphosate at 474 g ai ha−1 was applied. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) biomass was positively associated with the reduction of V. dubia, and there was a decrease in diversity associated with the removal of V. dubia through effective treatments. Indaziflam is an effective tool for the management of V. dubia in perennial grass stands, and spring applications of indaziflam should be in mixture with herbicides with POST activity.

scholarly journals Phytogeographic support tor the theory of Pleistocene forest refuges in the Amazon Basin, based on evidence from distribution patterns in Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dichapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Refuge Areas

Abstract In recent years it has generally been accepted that Amazonia was subject to long dry periods in the late Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene which induced forest cover to a few limited areas or refuges. It has been proposed that the subsequent genetic isolation into separate populations is a mnjor factor in the evolution of the species diversity within the lowland forest of Amazonia. Most of the previous evidence for this theory is based on studies of animals, for example: lizards, butterflies, and birds. Here data are presented to confirm the theory of forest refuges using evidence from phytogeography. Distribution patterns of the lowland species of the woody plant families Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Dichapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae are discussed and concur with the possibility of forest refuges. A map is given of the refuge areas that seem most likely, based on evidence from species distribution of the above plant families. The refuges proposed here correspond closely with the refuge areas proposed by Haffer and Brown rather than the extremely reduced areas proposed by Vanzolini.

The Rediscovery and Distribution of Rumex drummondii (Polygonaceae) in South-Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Scott ◽  
PB Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Search Theory ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
North West ◽  
River Region ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Road Verges ◽  
Western Australian

Rumex drummondii Meisn., a south-western Australian endemic vascular plant species recorded from widely separated localities, had not been collected for 46 years and was considered possibly extinct. The methods developed from search theory, which has been used for finding lost people or objects, were applied to finding R. drummondii, starting from previous records. Eleven populations of the species were discovered within a 50 km radius in the Kalgan River and Manypeaks region. A disjunct population of six plants was found in 1992 in a parking area at a crossing of the Moore River, 480 km north north west of the others, but had disappeared by 1994. Surveys in the Gingin Brook and Moore River region and between Kalannie and Kulja, another disjunct record, failed to find further plants. The species occupies temporarily wet depressions, lake edges and roadside excavations and dam edges protected from grazing by sheep; habitats also occupied by congeneric weedy species. The species occurs on road verges and farmland and is known from one nature reserve. The rediscovery of R. drummondii enables it to be included in the assessment of potential biological control agents for related weed species in the genera Emex and Rumex.

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