scholarly journals Resistance of barley cultivars approved for use in Russia to harmful organisms and toxic aluminum ions

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
R. A. Abdullaev ◽  
B. A. Batasheva ◽  
N. V. Alpatieva ◽  
M. A. Chumakov ◽  
E. E. Radchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
State Register ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Greenbug Resistance

Background. The most rational way to reduce barley crop losses from diseases, pests and adverse edaphic factors is cultivation of resistant varieties. The specificity of the host– pathogen interactions necessitates a constant search for new donors of resistance for breeding, and phytosanitary monitoring of cultivars.Materials and methods. The research material comprised 248 barley cultivars included in the State Register of Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage in the Russian Federation – 168 were developed domestically, and 80 by foreign breeders. Their resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust was studied in under laboratory and field conditions. Barley cultivars distinguished for powdery mildew resistance were analyzed using molecular markers. In the laboratory, barley was screened for greenbug resistance. To study the sensitivity to toxic aluminum ions in barley, we used the laboratory method for the early diagnosis of the trait – the root test method.Results and conclusions. Field and laboratory screening revealed a fairly wide diversity of barley cultivated in Russia in terms of resistance to harmful organisms and the edaphic stressor. It was established that 24 barley cultivars were resistant to powdery mildew, and 14 accessions were carriers of the effective mlo11 allele. Two cultivars manifested combined resistance to powdery mildew and barley leaf rust. In 11 cultivars, a distinct greenbug resistance was revealed. High resistance to toxic aluminum ions according to the root and sprout length indices was observed in 26 cultivars. Accessions with the complex resistance to harmful organisms and the edaphic stressor were identified. 

scholarly journals Resistance of modern spring barley cultivars to harmful organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
A. G. Semenova ◽  
A. V. Anisimova ◽  
O. N. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
State Register ◽  
Infection Pressure ◽  
Harmful Organisms

Background. Diseases and pests cause great damage to barley stands and harvests. Harvest losses from harmful organisms reach 25–30%.Materials and methods. During 2017–2020, 46 spring barley cultivars from the VIR collection, listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements, were studied for their resistance to fritfly, net and spot blotches, brown rust, and powdery mildew. The tests were carried out in the field with provocative colonization by fritfly and under natural infection pressure of leaf pathogens.Results and conclusions. In 2017, net blotch predominated over other diseases. In 2018, there was an epyphytotic outburst of spot blotch, and cultivars with weak development of this disease were identified. In 2019 and 2020, the incidence of brown rust and powdery mildew was significant, and the virulence of fritfly increased greatly in the same years. Field tests resulted in identification of 3 barley accessions resistant to fritfly: ‘Odon’ (k-31118, Buryatia), ‘Miar’ (k-31203, Orenburg Province), and ‘Omsky 99’ (k-31230, Omsk Province). Cv. ‘Posada’ (k-31245, Germany) was weakly affected by fritfly, brown rust and powdery mildew. Cultivars were selected for their low susceptibility to powdery mildew (up to 5%): ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Cheerio’ (k-31297, Denmark), and ‘Odyssey’ (k-31333, England), and brown rust: ‘Chiraz’ (k-31131, Denmark), ‘Eifel’ (k-31249, France), ‘Ursa’ (k-31339), and ‘Sunshine’ (k-31129, Germany). Such long-term assessment results can be used in breeding programs to develop cultivars with group or complex resistance to harmful organisms.

scholarly journals Greenbug resistance in barley landraces from Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
E. E. Radchenko ◽  
K. D. Dyatlova ◽  
D. E. Akimova ◽  
I. A. Zveinek
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Barley Landraces ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Greenbug Resistance

Background. The greenbug (Sсhizaphis graminum Rondani) can significantly reduce the yield of barley and other cereals in the southern regions of Russia. Cultivation of resistant varieties can significantly limit the pathogen’s harmfulness. At the same time, specific interaction with the genotypes of the host plant, characteristic of S. graminum, requires a continuous search for new resistance donors to broaden the genetic diversity of barley cultivars. Materials and methods. The resistance of 178 accessions of barley landraces from Uzbekistan to the Krasnodar greenbug population was tested in laboratory experiments. Juvenile plants were infested with aphids of different ages, and when the susceptible control died (cv. ‘Belogorsky’), resistance was assessed on a 0 to 10 (plant death) rating scale. Plants with a damage rate of 1–4 points (up to 30% of the leaf surface being damaged) belonged to the resistant class; damage rate of 5–8 points indicated moderate resistance of plants, and that of 9–10 meant susceptibility. In addition, we assessed the aphid damage of the winter barley cultivar ‘Post’, protected by the previously identified resistance gene Rsg1.Results and conclusions. We identified 52 barley accessions as heterogeneous for the studied trait. In six accessions, plants with high (points 3 to 4) and moderate (5 to 8) resistance were identified; 6 accessions were differentiated into 3 phenotypic classes: resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible; and in 40 accessions the manifestation of the resistance component varied within 5 to 7 points (from 31 to 60% of the leaf surface being damaged). The distinctly expressed resistance of 12 accessions is controlled by alleles of resistance genes that differ from Rsg1. After selection for resistance, the identified accessions can be used in breeding.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT BARLEY ACCESSIONS FROM ETHIOPIA FOR TOLERANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESSORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
R. A. Abdullaev ◽  
O. V. Yakovleva ◽  
I. A. Kosareva ◽  
E. E. Radchenko ◽  
B. A. Batasheva
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Harmful Organisms

Background. Analyzing the adaptive potential of cultivated barley with the aim of using new genotypes selected and developed in the process of work is a priority trend in scientific research. The Ethiopian barleys adapted to a variety of soil and climate conditions are characterized by many valuable biological and agronomic traits. Of particular value are genotypes that combine resistance to harmful organisms and environmental stressors.Materials and methods. The collection accessions of Ethiopian barley possessing powdery mildew resistance were studied for tolerance to adverse edaphic factors (chloride salinity and high content of toxic aluminum ions in the soil). Resistance to abiotic stressors was assessed in laboratory experiments. In the study of salt tolerance, a ‘roll-based’ assessment technique was used, which takes into account the inhibition of root growth under salt (NaCl) stress conditions, compared with the reference conditions without salinization. Aluminum sensitivity of barley accessions was diagnosed in the early stages of plant development using the root test.Results and conclusions. A polymorphism of Ethiopian barleys for resistance to adverse edaphic factors was revealed. Twentyone new sources of barley resistance to toxic aluminum ions were identified, of which accessions k-8552 and k-22933 were classified as highly resistant. Accessions k-17554, k-19975, k-20029, k-20048, k-22752, k-23450 and k-25009 proved resistant to soil salinization. Barley accessions k-17554, k-22752 and k-25009 were characterized by complex resistance to powdery mildew, toxic aluminum ions, and chloride soil salinity.

scholarly journals Isolation of sources of resistance of winter wheat samples to the group of pathogens as a component of immunological protection of plants

2017 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. Afanasieva ◽  
G. Lisova ◽  
L. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Group Resistance

In 2014—2016 on the artificial infectious background of the pathogens of Septoria leaf blotch, leaf rust and bunt, and on the natural background of powdery mildew and root rot, the stability of the collection of cultivars of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin was assessed. Perspective sources of group resistance to pathogens are identified to powdery mildew and root rot — Midas (Austria); to pathogens of powdery mildew and bunt — Radiance (Ukraine), Miranda (Romania), F94578G3-1/Bucur // Delabrad (Romania); to leaf rust and root rot — Mukhran (Germany) and Mv17/Zrn (Iran). To the pathogen Septoria leaf bloth of winter wheat resistant varieties is not detected.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

scholarly journals Dissimilarity of barley powdery mildew resistances Lomerit and Heils Hanna

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Isolate ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Reaction Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Old Japanese

  The resistance Heils Hanna (HH) was postulated in several tens of 471 previously tested winter barley cultivars. In this paper, new tests on 29 of these cultivars are reported. Thirty-two reference isolates of Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei held in the pathogen genebank at the Agricultural Research Institute in Kromeriz, Ltd. including a Japanese isolate and five Israeli isolates were used for response tests. However, the resistance HH conferred by the gene Mla8 and herein characterised by reaction type 0 to an old Japanese isolate known as Race I was now postulated only in four cultivars. In the other 25 cultivars another resistance, characterised by reaction type 0 to Race I and also to two Israeli isolates, was detected. In addition to the two mentioned resistances, eight known (Bw, Dr2, Ha, IM9, Ln, Lv, Ra and Sp) resistances were found in the set examined. Lomerit was the only registered cultivar tested here in which the newly detected resistance was present alone, therefore, it is recommended that this resistance be designated Lo.

Allelism and resistance loci of powdery mildew and leaf rust in Egyptian hexaploid bread wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sobhy Draz ◽  
Ahmed Fawzy Elkot ◽  
Abdelrazek Shaarawy Abdelrhim
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat

Achievements in breeding and main directions for improving black currant adssortment in Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
F. F. Sazonov
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
State Register ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Horticultural Research

The article presents the main results of twenty years of research carried out at the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Kokino Base Station) on the search and creation of various genetic origin genotypes and the possibility of their use in further breeding work on black currants. The created genetic sources of resistance to American powdery mildew, leaf spots (canker, septoria, cercosporosis), large-fruited, berries’ high vitamin С content, fruit strength, plant productivity are presented: 7-37-2 (Litvinovskaya × Dar Smolyaninovoy), 37-27-4/05 (Debryansk, free pollination), 63-35-1 (Lentyay × Debryansk), 68-03-1 (Charodey × Yadryonaya), 5-66-5 (Dobrynya, free pollination), 13-51-1 (Shalunya, free pollination), 33-27-1 (Strelets × Selechenskaya 2) etc. As a result of breeding research, 12 black currant varieties have been created, eight of which (Bryanskiy Agate, Debryansk, Mif, Vera, Gamayun, Strelets, Charodey, Barmaley) are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, approved for using.

Resistance of Tangmai 4 wheat to powdery mildew, stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust and its chromosome composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Li ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
B. D. McCallum ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale L

The hard red winter wheat Tangmai 4 did not develop symptoms of infection following inoculation with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. tritici E. Marchal) isolates from regions of western Canada and northern China. Tangmai 4 exhibited resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) and leaf rust (P. triticina Eriks.) races from western Canada. This wheat line was resistant to individual stripe rust (P. striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) races from the U.S. and Canada. Sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and electrophoretic analyses of high molecular weight glutenins and gliadins demonstrated that Tangmai 4 carried a pair of T1BL·1RS wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) translocated chromosomes. Since the genes located on T1BL·1RS are no longer effective in controlling powdery mildew and the rust diseases, Tangmai 4 must carry additional genes for resistance to these diseases, which makes it a valuable resource for the improvement of resistance in wheat against these diseases. Key words: T1BL·1RS translocation, disease resistance, sequential C-banding and GISH, glutenin, gliadin

Cytological and molecular analysis of nonhost resistance in rice to wheat powdery mildew and leaf rust pathogens

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulin Cheng ◽  
Juanni Yao ◽  
Hongchang Zhang ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Zhensheng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew ◽  
Rust Pathogens
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