scholarly journals Chracteristic of perspective common spring wheat accessions for resistance to foliar diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
A. S. Rsaliyev ◽  
E. I. Gultyaeva ◽  
E. L. Shaydayuk ◽  
N. M. Kovalenko ◽  
R. A. Moldazhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Effective Group

Leaf and stem diseases (rusts and blotches) are harmful to spring wheat in all areas of its cultivation. The use of resistant varieties is an environmentally safe way of protection. The objective of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate leaf and stem disease resistance in 44 promising cultivars of soft spring wheat, as well as to identify Lr‑ and Sr‑genes in them. The accessions were obtained from the Kazakhstan‑Siberian Spring Wheat Improvement Network (KASIB) in 2017 and 2018. Wheat resistance to leaf and stem rust, to septoriosis and to tan spot was evaluated in field conditions in Southern Kazakhstan (infection plot at the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems). Wheat seedlings resistance to septoriosis, leaf and stem rust was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The Lr and Sr genes were identified using a phytopathological test and molecular markers. Field studies resulted in selection of two lines, Lut. KS 14/09‑2 and SPCHS 69, with highly effective group resistance to rusts and blotches. By using molecular markers, the gene cluster Lr34/Sr57/Yr18/Pm38, Lr1 gene, and wheat‑rye translocation 1BL.1RS carrying genes Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8 were detected in Lut. KS 14/09‑2. A translocation from wheatgrass with highly effective genes of resistance to stem (Sr24) and leaf (Lr24) rusts, as well as 1AL.1RS translocation from rye with a complex of effective genes of resistance to fungous diseases and pests were detected in the line SPCHS 69. Eight wheat lines (Lut. 393/05, Lut. 2028, Lut. 261, Lut. 1103, Lut. 22‑17, Lut. 37‑17, line 4‑10‑16, Stepnaya 245) appeared to be resistant to Stagonospora nodorum blotch and tan spot; and four varieties (OmGAU‑100, Element 22, Stolypinskaya 2, and Silach) demonstrated resistance to leaf and stem rust. The molecular marker analysis showed moderate genetic diversity of the studied collection in terms of resistance genes. The genes Lr1, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19/Sr25, Lr24/Sr24, Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8, Lr34/Sr57/Yr18/Pm38, Lr37/Sr38/Yr17, both separately and in different combinations, were detected in the tested accessions. The evaluated material may be recommended for the use in wheat breeding for disease resistance in Russia and in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Wheat Breeding for Disease Resistance: Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadisa Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Breeding for disease resistance is a central focus of plant breeding programs, as any successful variety must have the complete package of high yield, disease resistance, agronomic performance, and end - use quality. Wheat breeding is focused on high yield, pathogen resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Among diseases of wheat yellow rust, stem rust, and leaf rust are the most damaging diseases of wheat and other small grain cereals . Disease resistance in wheat breeding with one exception, the diseases of wheat that is important because of their effect on yield. Resistance to all diseases together can is important to avoid an unexpected loss in effectiveness of the resistance of a cu ltivar to a major disease. The genetic resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust can be characterized as qualitative and quantitative resistances. Vertical resistance is specific to pathogen isolates based on single or very few genes. Race - specifi c is used to describe resistance that interacts differentially with pathogen races. Quantitative resistance is defined as resistance that varies in continuous way between the various phenotypes of the host population, from almost imperceptible to quite str ong. With the need to accelerate the development of improved varieties, genomics - assisted breeding is becoming an important tool in breeding programs. With marker - assisted selection, there has been success in breeding for disease resistance. Generally, bre eding programs have successfully implemented molecular markers to assist in the development of cultivars with stem, leaf and stripe rust resistance genes. When new rust resistance genes are to be deployed in wheat breeding programs, it unfortunately takes several years before the new sources of resistance will become available in commercial wheat cultivars. This is due to the long process involved in the establishment of pure breeding wheat lines. Biotechnology based techniques are available to accelerate t he breeding process via doubled haploid production.

scholarly journals Theoretical Bases and Sources for Breeding Wheat for Combined Disease Resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 127-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
P. Bartoš ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
A. Hanzalová ◽  
L. Širlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance in the world and in theCzech Republic are discussed. Attention was paid to possibilities of increasing resistance to rusts, powdery mildew, Fusarium head blight, leaf blotch, glume blotch, tan spot, common bunt and barley yellow dwarf virus on wheat. Methodical approaches adopted in national ring infection tests were outlined. New sources of resistance to the above-mentioned diseases were detected and described on the basis of three-year results of field infection tests.  

scholarly journals Identifcation of genotypescarriers of resistance to tan spot Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in common wheat collection

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 978-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. М. Kokhmetova ◽  
Sh. Ali ◽  
Z. Sapakhova ◽  
M. N. Atishova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Ptr Toxa ◽  
Race 1

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis(Ptr) is the causative agent of tan spot, one of the yield limiting diseases of wheat, rapidly increasing in wheat growing countries including Kazakhstan. The aim of this study was the identifcation of wheat genotypes with resistance to Ptr race 1 and race 5 and their host­selective effectors (toxins) Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB. A common wheat collection of 41 accessions (38 experimental and 3 controls) was characterized using the molecular markersXfcp623andXBE444541, diagnostic for theTsn1andTsc2genes conferring sensitivity to fungal toxins. The coincidence of the markerXBE444541with resistance to race 5 was 92.11 %, and with Ptr ToxB, 97.37 %. Genotyping results using the markerXfcp623confrmed the expected response to Ptr ToxA; the presence/absence of the markerXfcp623completely (100 %) coincided with sensitivity/resistance to race 1 and Ptr ToxA. This demonstrates the reliability of the diagnostic markerXfcp623for identifying wheat genotypes with resistance to the fungus and insensitivity to Ptr ToxA. The study of the reaction of wheat germplasm to the fungal inoculation and toxin infltration showed that out of 38 genotypes analyzed 30 (78 %) exhibited resistance to both race 1 and race 5, and insensitivity to toxins Ptr ToxA and ToxB. Of most signifcant interest are eight wheat genotypes that showed resistance/insensitivity both to the two races and two toxins. The results of phenotyping were reconfrmed by the molecular markers used in this study. Sensitivity to Ptr ToxB is not always correlated with susceptibility to race 5 and is dependent on the host’s genetic background of the wheat genotype, i. e. on a specifc wheat genotype. The results of the study are of interest for increasing the efciency of breeding based on the elimination of the genotypes with the dominant allelesTsn1andTsc2sensitive to the toxins Ptr ToxA and ToxB. The genotypes identifed will be used in wheat breeding for resistance to tan spot.

AC Intrepid hard red spring wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat

AC Intrepid, a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is adapted to the Canadian prairies. It expressed high grain yield, early maturity, and heavy kernels. It has resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust, and common bunt. AC Intrepid is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring wheat. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., red spring wheat, yield, maturity, disease resistance, seed size

scholarly journals Sources of Resistance to Stem Rust Race Ug99 in Spring Wheat Germplasm

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Rouse ◽  
R. Wanyera ◽  
P. Njau ◽  
Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
North American ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust

Wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) race TTKSK (Ug99), with virulence to the majority of the world's wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, has spread from Uganda throughout eastern Africa, Yemen, and Iran. The identification and spread of variants of race TTKSK with virulence to additional stem rust resistance genes has reminded breeders and pathologists of the danger of deploying major resistance genes alone. In order to protect wheat from this rapidly spreading and adapting pathogen, multiple resistance genes are needed, preferably from improved germplasm. Preliminary screening of over 700 spring wheat breeding lines and cultivars developed at least 20 years ago identified 88 accessions with field resistance to Ug99. We included these resistant accessions in the stem rust screening nursery in Njoro, Kenya for two additional seasons. The accessions were also screened with a bulk of North American isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in the field in St. Paul, MN. In order to further characterize the resistance in these accessions, we obtained seedling phenotypes for 10 races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici, including two races from the race TTKSK complex. This phenotyping led to the identification of accessions with either adult-plant or all-stage resistance to race TTKSK, and often North American races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici as well. These Ug99 resistant accessions can be obtained by breeders and introgressed into current breeding germplasm.

scholarly journals Complex resistance of spring and winter bread wheat lines to biotic and abiotic stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-731
Author(s):  
I. F. Lapochkina ◽  
N. R. Gainullin ◽  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
N. M. Kovalenko ◽  
L. A. Marchenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Group Resistance

An original initial material of spring and winter bread wheat with group resistance to stem and leaf rust was developed using new donors of resistance to stem rust: winter soft wheat GT 96/90 (Bulgaria) and accession 119/4-06rw with genetic material of the species Triticum migushovae and (Aegilops speltoides and Secale cereale), respectively, a line of spring wheat 113/00i-4 obtained using the species Ae. triuncialis and T. kiharae, as well as spring accession 145/00i with genetic material of the species Ae. speltoides resistant to leaf rust. The transfer of effective Sr-genes to progeny was monitored using molecular markers. New lines underwent a field assessment of resistance to leaf and stem rust in the epiphytotic development of diseases in the Central Region of the Russian Federation, as well as in the North Caucasus and Western Siberia, and showed high resistance to these pathogens. Fourteen genotypes of spring wheat with group resistance to these diseases and parental forms that participated in the origin of the lines were evaluated for resistance to spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) and tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) using isolates from Kazakhstan and Omsk in laboratory conditions. A highly resistant parental form of winter soft wheat from “Arsenal” collection 119/4-06rw (wheat-Ae. speltoides-rye hybrid 2n = 42) with group resistance to two spots, four medium-resistant genotypes to both isolates of tan spot from Kazakhstan and Omsk populations of the pathogen, as well as genotypes resistant to the Omsk isolate of P. triticirepentis (parental form 113/00i-4 and lines 1-16i, 6-16i, 9-16i) were isolated. Among the lines of winter wheat, four were identified with group resistance to spot blotch and tan spot. Additionally, the stress resistance of the lines to NaCl salinization and prolonged flooding of seeds with water was evaluated at the early stages of ontogenesis in laboratory conditions. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 9-16i showed a high ability to withstand excess moisture. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 3-16i were characterized by high salt tolerance, exceeding the average of 49.7 %. Among the winter genotypes, lines were identified with increased resistance to hypoxia (37-19w, 32-19w, 16-19w, 90-19w) and with increased salt tolerance (20-19w, 9-19w, 37-19w, 90-19w), significantly exceeding the standard cv. Moskovskaya 39. The listed lines are of interest as sources of resistance to anaerobic and salt stress, as well as donors of resistance to a group of fungal diseases: leaf and stem rust and tan spot. We attribute the increased level of resistance of the new initial material to the presence of alien translocations in the original parental forms involved in the origin of the lines.

scholarly journals Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bartoš ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
J. Vacke ◽  
E. Stuchlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Czech Republic

Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance in the world and in the Czech Republic are reviewed. Attention is paid to rusts, powdery mildew, leaf blotch, glume blotch, tan spot, fusarium head blight, common and dwarf bunt, eyespot, barley yellow dwarf virus on wheat and wheat dwarf virus. Genes for resistance to rusts and powdery mildew in the cultivars registered in the Czech Republic are listed. Promising resistance genes and sources of resistance to the above mentioned diseases are reviewed. Prospects of resistance breeding including application of methods of molecular genetics and development of synthetic hexaploids are outlined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Molecular Marker Associated with the Tan Spot Disease Response in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Pao Theen See ◽  
Caroline S. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Tan Spot Disease

After nearly 40 years of DNA molecular marker development in plant breeding, the wheat research community has amassed an extensive collection of molecular markers which have been widely and successfully used for selection of agronomic, physiological and disease resistance traits in wheat breeding programs. Tan spot is a major fungal disease of wheat and a significant global economic challenge and is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr). Here, the potential for using a PCR-based marker (Ta1AS3422) present on the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A, was evaluated for effectiveness in distinguishing tan spot disease susceptibility. The marker was initially screened against 40 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties, and those that amplified the marker had an overall lower disease score (2.8 ± 0.7 for seedlings and 2.4 ± 0.4 for plants at the tillering stage), compared to those lacking the marker which exhibited a higher disease score (3.6 ± 0.8 for both growth stages). The potential of Ta1AS3422 as a marker for the tan spot disease response was further assessed against a panel of 100 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties. A significant association was observed between marker absence/presence and tan spot disease rating (Pearson’s chi-squared test, χ2 (6) = 20.53, p = 0.002), with absence of Ta1AS3422 associated with susceptibility. This simple and cost-effective PCR-based marker may be useful for varietal improvement against tan spot, although further work is required to validate its effectiveness.

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