A method of intranasal application of a live vaccine against pasteurellosis waterfowl

The results of alternative studies on the immunogenic activity of live rabies vaccines for oral immunization of wild carnivorous animals are presented. The method of evaluation of immunogenicity using a model of oral immunization in mice with experimental infection control rabies virus CVS in the dose of 10–100 MLD50/0,03 ml. Once entered immunizing dose for white mice, weighing 12–14 g were 56.200 MLD50, the titers of VNA ranged from 1:6 to 1:16 (3,0–4,0 log2) and above.

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Bacteroides Fragilis OMP A: Utility as a Live Vaccine Vector for Biodefense Agents

10.21236/ada448618 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah M. Wexler

Keyword(s):

Bacteroides Fragilis ◽

Live Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Vector

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Comparative Studies between Thermostable Strains of Newcastle Disease Virus in Preparation of Live Vaccine

Zagazig Veterinary Journal ◽

10.21608/zvjz.2015.29372 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

Ola Hassan ◽

O Salman ◽

Hoda Tawfik

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease Virus ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Newcastle Disease ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Live Vaccine

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PRRSV detection by qPCR in processing fluids and serum samples collected in a positive stable breeding herd following mass vaccination of sows with a modified live vaccine

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-020-00186-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Lebret ◽

P. Berton ◽

V. Normand ◽

I. Messager ◽

N. Robert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Live Vaccine ◽

Mass Vaccination ◽

Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Stability Monitoring ◽

Breeding Herd ◽

Modified Live Vaccine ◽

Processing Fluid

AbstractIn the last two decades, in France, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) stabilization protocols have been implemented using mass vaccination with a modified live vaccine (MLV), herd closure and biosecurity measures. Efficient surveillance for PRRSV is essential for generating evidence of absence of viral replication and transmission in pigs. The use of processing fluid (PF) was first described in 2018 in the United States and was demonstrated to provide a higher herd-level sensitivity compared with blood samples (BS) for PRRSV monitoring. In the meantime, data on vertical transmission of MLV viruses are rare even as it is a major concern. Therefore, veterinarians usually wait for several weeks after a sow mass vaccination before starting a stability monitoring. This clinical study was conducted in a PRRSV-stable commercial 1000-sow breed-to-wean farm. This farm suffered from a PRRS outbreak in January 2018. After implementing a stabilisation protocol, this farm was controlled as stable for more than 9 months before the beginning of the study. PF and BS at weaning were collected in four consecutive batches born after a booster sow mass MLV vaccination. We failed to detect PRRSV by qPCR on PF and BS collected in a positive-stable breeding herd after vaccination with ReproCyc® PRRS EU (Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany).

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Gelatin-Containing Vaccines for Varicella, Zoster, Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Induce Basophil Activation in Patients with Alpha-Gal Syndrome

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000514263 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Paul Schmidle ◽

Jana Mehlich ◽

Knut Brockow ◽

Ulf Darsow ◽

Tilo Biedermann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Reports ◽

Meat Products ◽

Live Vaccine ◽

Basophil Activation ◽

Type I ◽

Mmr Vaccine ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Severe Anaphylaxis ◽

New Type

Background: The alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) describes a new type I allergy entity to the carbohydrate epitope galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), which is mainly found in mammalian food products (e.g., beef, pork, and venison). Apart from meat products, alpha-gal can also be found in products containing gelatin of bovine or porcine origin. Recent case reports pointed to severe anaphylaxis in patients suffering from AGS after vaccination with vaccines containing hydrolyzed gelatin. It was the objective of this study to evaluate if basophil activation tests (BATs) performed with such vaccines were positive in patients with AGS. Methods: BAT was performed with different dilutions of a gelatin-containing measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) live vaccine; an attenuated varicella (V) vaccine; an attenuated V-zoster (VZ) vaccine; a MMR live vaccine not containing gelatin (non-gelatin MMR vaccine) in 2 patients with confirmed AGS, 2 patients highly suspicious for AGS, and 2 healthy individuals without any previous medical history for allergies. Results: All patients showed strongly positive results for all gelatin-containing vaccines (MMR vaccine, V vaccine, and VZ vaccine). Non-gelatin MMR vaccine was negative. The 2 healthy controls did not show any basophil activation. Conclusions: Gelatin-containing vaccines should be administered with caution or avoided in patients with AGS because of their high potential to activate basophils indicating a risk for anaphylaxis. Also, BAT is a useful additional tool when it comes to screening for potentially high-risk alpha-gal-containing drugs.

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Physico-Chemical and In Vitro Characterization of Chitosan-Based Microspheres Intended for Nasal Administration

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13050608 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 608

Author(s):

Csilla Bartos ◽

Patrícia Varga ◽

Piroska Szabó-Révész ◽

Rita Ambrus

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Nasal Administration ◽

Drug Bioavailability ◽

Intranasal Application ◽

Spray Dried

The absorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) through the nasal epithelium offers an innovative opportunity in the field of pain therapy. Thanks to the bonding of chitosan to the nasal mucosa and its permeability-enhancing effect, it is an excellent choice to formulate microspheres for the increase of drug bioavailability. The aim of our work includes the preparation of spray-dried cross-linked and non-cross-linked chitosan-based drug delivery systems for intranasal application, the optimization of spray-drying process parameters (inlet air temperature, pump rate), and the composition of samples. Cross-linked products were prepared by using different amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate. On top of these, the micrometric properties, the structural characteristics, the in vitro drug release, and the in vitro permeability of the products were studied. Spray-drying resulted in micronized chitosan particles (2–4 μm) regardless of the process parameters. The meloxicam (MEL)-containing microspheres showed nearly spherical habit, while MEL was present in a molecularly dispersed state. The highest dissolved (>90%) and permeated (~45 µg/cm2) MEL amount was detected from the non-cross-linked sample. Our results indicate that spray-dried MEL-containing chitosan microparticles may be recommended for the development of a novel drug delivery system to decrease acute pain or enhance analgesia by intranasal application.

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