Athens air quality and importance of biogenic emissions: a case study

Two three dimensional Eulerian air quality models, PMCAMx and UAM-AERO are used to predict the concentrations of various pollutants in the Greater Athens Area (GAA) during the episode of June 22-26, 2003. The predicted levels of gases and aerosol pollutants are compared with measured concentrations from monitoring stations, in order to evaluate the performance of the models. Comparison of the results reveals that PMCAMx simulated the ozone diurnal pattern better than UAM-AERO, as the predicted by UAM-AERO maximum daytime concentrations were much higher than those of PMCAMx and way above the measured ones. PMCAMx also shows signs of superiority in terms of its ability to predict the NO2 and NO concentrations. Two sets of simulations, one with both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions and one without biogenic emissions were performed. Comparison of the two simulations reveals the important role that biogenic emissions play in the formation of O3, NOx and secondary aerosols. Additional simulations with PMCAMx show that the concentrations of all the pollutants depict a highly non-linear behaviour, when anthropogenic VOC emissions are reduced in the GAA.

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The Impacts of Urban Development on Anthropogenic and Biogenic Emissions and Air Quality: A Case Study in Austin, Texas

Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality ◽

10.1061/40960(320)3 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. McDonald-Buller ◽

J. Song ◽

A. Webb ◽

G. McGaughey ◽

B. Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Urban Development ◽

Biogenic Emissions

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Evaluating the Environmental Performance of 3D Printed Shelters in Jordan

Journal of Construction in Developing Countries ◽

10.21315/jcdc2021.26.2.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 117-134

Author(s):

Mohanad Akeila ◽

Christopher Preece ◽

King Kuok Kelvin Kuok

Keyword(s):

Environmental Performance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Huge Number ◽

Electricity Cost ◽

Internal Conflicts ◽

Research Article ◽

3D Printed ◽

Ventilation Rates ◽

Better Than

Three-dimensional (3D) printed shelters are an innovative housing solution for those in need of a shelter after a disaster. The Middle East generated a huge number of refugees due to internal conflicts. The technology has been investigated earlier from a cost and time perspectives and has performed better than steel shelters in Jordan. This research article investigates environmental performance of 3D printed shelters in Jordan in terms of energy, fuel, cooling and ventilation. Syrian refugees of Jordanian camps were selected as a case study. The energy simulation of the steel shelter to that of a printed shelter showed that the latter can achieve higher ventilation rates, lower energy consumption, less electricity cost and better thermal insulation than steel shelters.

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Considering Abrupt Change in Rainfall for Flood Season Division: A Case Study of the Zhangjia Zhuang Reservoir, Based on a New Model

Water ◽

10.3390/w10091152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li Tang ◽

Yongbo Zhang

Keyword(s):

Abrupt Change ◽

Operation Mode ◽

Water Storage Capacity ◽

Discriminant Model ◽

Flood Season ◽

Rank Difference ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Partition Method ◽

Better Than

The traditional flood season division method is cumbersome. In order to make the flood season division elaborate, the Mann–Kendall and cumulative sum of rank difference (CSD) methods were used to detect the abrupt change year of precipitation (p) over the study area from 1969 to 2015. The year of change was determined to be 1995. Taking the 1995 year as a demarcation point of the data, the discriminant model and Fisher optimal partition method were applied for flood division, and a comparison of the results from the two approaches were compared. The discriminant model was found to perform slightly better than the Fisher approach. It was found that abrupt rainfall change has a certain influence on flood season division. The main flood season in the Zhangjia Zhuang reservoir during 1969–2015 was 16 days longer than during 1996–2015, but three days shorter than between 1969–1995. For the Zhangjia Zhuang Reservoir, the flood water level limit can increase up to 2 m according to the results of the flood season division and designed rainfall after abrupt change; in addition, the water storage capacity is 469 million m³ more than that of the traditional reservoir operation mode.

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Influence of temporal baseline on the vertical absolute accuracies of TSX HS interferometric DSMs: Case Study on Berlin

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-155-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol XL-7 ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

U. G. Sefercik ◽

U. Soergel

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Absolute Accuracy ◽

Surface Models ◽

Sar Imagery ◽

Image Pairs ◽

Better Than ◽

Aperture Radar

In recent years, interferometric sytnthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is one of the most preferred techniques to generate digital surface models (DSM) which are the three dimensional (3D) digital cartographic representations of earth surface including all terrain and non-terrain formations. Interferometric DSM generation using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is not an easy process and the vertical absolute accuracy of the final product depends on various parameters. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the influence of temporal baseline between SAR image-pairs on the vertical absolute accuracy of high resolution interferometric DSMs. The application was realized covering 20 km<sup>2</sup> area in Berlin, Germany using 15 descending orbit high resolution spotlight (HS) TerraSAR-X (TSX) images. The suitable interferometric pairs were determined for DSM generation and two of them that have similar parameters except temporal baseline were selected regarding the purposes of the study. The master image was selected as same in the generation of both DSMs and the temporal baselines between this master image and slave images were 11 days (1 period) and 187 days (17 periods), respectively. TSX HS DSMs were generated with 2 m grid spacing and the vertical absolute accuracies were calculated based on the comparison with a reference DSM generated by radargrammetry. The analyses were realized for built-up and forest land classes separately. The results proved that longer temporal baseline has negative influence on the vertical absolute accuracies of TSX HS interferometric DSMs. The first DSM which has the shortest temporal baseline, possible for TSX sensing is better than the second one as approx. 1.5 m both for built-up and forest areas.

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Estimating future air-quality due to climate change: the Athens case study

Advances in Science and Research ◽

10.5194/asr-6-117-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

K. V. Varotsos ◽

C. Giannakopoulos ◽

M. Tombrou

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Quality ◽

Statistical Model ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Ozone Pollution ◽

Change World ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Athens Area ◽

Pollution Episodes

Abstract. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of an empirical-statistical model in order to examine the potential impact of increasing future temperatures on ozone exceedance days in the Greater Athens Area. It is based on the concept that temperature is a capable predictor for the ozone concentrations and that in a future climate change world, the likelihood of ozone pollution episodes may increase.

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Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100165641 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 636-637

Author(s):

D. L. Callahan

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Aluminum Nitride ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bright Field Image ◽

Perfectly Plastic ◽

Contrast Analysis ◽

Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185.67.1.51 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 51-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Stefano Passini

Keyword(s):

Social Dominance ◽

Factor Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Social Dominance Orientation ◽

Model Fit ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

The One ◽

Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

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