Indications and complications of paediatric tracheostomies at a tertiary care centre in rural Haryana: a retrospective study

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The indications for paediatric tracheostomies have had a significant change world over during last few decades. Emergency management of paediatric airway by tracheostomy has its own share of complications which need fair amount of expertise to manage.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> We carried out a retrospective study at a tertiary care centre in rural area of Haryana and analysed the available data of last 5 years (2017-2021) for determining various indications of paediatric tracheostomies and complications encountered during or after the surgery.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The study included 65 paediatric patients (&lt;14 years of age) who underwent tracheostomy at our tertiary care institute between January 2017 and December 2021. Out of them 38 (60.3%) were males, 35 (55.17%) patients were in 0-5 years age group. Most frequent indication for paediatric tracheostomy turned out to be upper airway obstruction due to a vaccine preventable disease diphtheria (n=56, i.e., 86.15%), other less common causes were need of prolonged ventilation, subglottic stenosis, congenital airway anomalies, retropharyngeal abscess, laryngeal papilloma. Complications were observed in 30 cases (46.15%). Mortality in tracheostomized children was nearly 29.2%, which was mainly attributed to the underlying cause which turned out to be diphtheria in most of the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> High number of paediatric tracheostomies and sheer presence of diphtheria in this rural area of Haryana suggests that there is dire need of proper immunisation coverage and an active participation at community level.</p>

Regenerative Organizations: Introduction to the Special Issue

This special issue presents six articles and two invited editorials that explore the antecedents, mechanisms, and consequences of regenerative organizing. Together, they draw on a range of disciplines from both organizational and environmental sciences to discover, theorize, and illustrate life-giving intersections between humans and natural ecosystems in Anthropocene. This introduction provides an overview of the reasons for, and especially the possibilities of, regenerative organizing as we stress the limits of planetary boundaries in a post-climate change world.

The impact of climate change on the thermal-energy performance of the SCIP and ICF wall systems for social housing in Brazil

The social housing sector is playing an important role in Brazil, due to the necessity of its expansion. Currently, many residential projects perform poorly in terms of energy efficiency and thermal comfort. In addition, the impact of climate change on energy consumption may aggravate the energy scenario, increasing the dependence on the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system. In parallel to this, there is a growing adoption of the Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIP) and insulated concrete form (ICF) in the Brazilian construction industry, due to their advantages in reducing construction time, and cost. Therefore, this study provides a discussion on thermal-energy performance focusing on parametric analysis of the SCIP and ICF wall systems adoption for social housing in Brazil. Due to the fact that building performance is heavily affected by weather conditions, this study evaluated the computer simulation of the thermal-energy performance of SCIP and ICF wall systems for hot climates while addressing the impacts of climate change. The city of Rio de Janeiro, characterized by the tropical climate was selected, and the Climate Change World Weather File Generator (CCWorldWeatherGen) tool was used to produce weather data for future climate scenarios, such as 2020, 2050 and 2080.

Analyzing the Possible Changes in America-Russia Relations within Indo-Pacific Strategy

The Indo-Pacific Strategy to contain China has started officially in Trump era since 2018. It is now even more accelerated during the Biden administration. This research work has done an analysis on a change of US and Russia`s relations within the strategy based on theory of realism, geopolitics, and strategic studies. The researcher has concluded that to make alliance with the Russian Federation to conduct the strategy successfully is an inevitable choice for the US, and now some positive signs of the cooperation between two great powers are already being observed. Investigating these major events which have a potential to change world order and predicting possible scenarios are important for Mongolia in shaping the right direction for the country’s grand strategy. Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратегийн хүрээнд Америк-Оросын харилцаанд гарч болзошгүй өөрчлөлтийг шинжлэх нь Хураангуй: Хятадыг “хайрцаглах” зорилготой Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги нь Д.Трампын үед 2018 оноос албан ёсоор зарлагдсан бөгөөд Ж.Байдены засаглалын үед улам идэвхжин хэрэгжиж байна. Энэхүү судалгаагаар мөнхүү стратегийн хүрээнд Америк-Оросын харилцаанд орж болзошгүй өөрчлөлтийн талаар олон улсын харилцааны реализмын онол, геополитик, стратеги судлалын онолд тулгуурлан шинжилгээ хийлээ. Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратегийг амжилттай хэрэгжүүлэхийн тулд АНУ-ын хувьд Оростой холбоотны харилцаа үүсгэх нь гарцаагүй сонголт байх ба сүүлийн үед хоёр улсын хамтын ажиллагаанд зарим нааштай шинж тэмдэг илэрч байна гэж дүгнэлээ. Дэлхийн дэг журамд өөрчлөлт оруулахуйц томоохон цараатай энэ үйл явцад зөв дүн шинжилгээ хийж, зохих хувилбаруудыг тооцоолж байх нь Монгол улсын төрийн стратегийн чиг баримжааг зөв гаргахад зохистой нөлөө үзүүлэх ач холбогдолтой юм. Түлхүүр үгс: Энэтхэг-Номхон далайн стратеги, АНУ ба Хятадын харилцаа, АНУ ба Оросын харилцаа, Орос ба Хятадын харилцаа, “Хайрцаглах”, Дөрвөл

Climate Change with Reference to Green Economy: Carbon Accounting of Hamdard University

Hamdard University is one of the biggest private sector universities in Pakistan. It is a not-for-profit organization whose objective is to serve people of Pakistan with excellent education system while taking care external factors into consideration, as a part of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), especially the environment which is a key concern due to the climate change. This research paper focusses on measuring the carbon footprint or performing the carbon accounting of Hamdard University and to measure its share in climate change. Primary data, which is necessary to measure carbon footprint, have been taken by direct reporting and site surveys. Methodology and secondary data regarding the emission factors have been taken from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, World Resources Institute, Word Bank, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The carbon footprint of Hamdard University is 1786.2019 tonnes of CO2-e in 2018 which is 0.000547% of Pakistan 2014’s total GHG emission. Scope 1 emission constitutes 54.14% of total GHG emission which is mostly caused by the fuel combustion by varsity’s transport followed by scope 2 emission caused by purchased electricity which constitutes 45.32% of GHG total emission. Scope 3 emission is because of official air travel which is not significant, hence, constitutes 0.54% of total GHG emission.

Criminal law and environmental protection: real potential and limited capabilities in the context of modern environmental crises

Environmental crimes statistically comprise an insignificant portion in overall crime structure, based on the number of reported cases and settled cases; the level of their latency remains high. The traditional types of offences, such as unlawful logging, hunting, extraction of water bio resources, prevail within the Russian registered cases of environmental crime, although their latency is undoubted. The vast majority of instances of criminal environmental pollution (water, atmosphere, marine environment, soil), violations of rules in handling environmentally hazardous substances and waste are not recorded, and thus do not receive due legal assessment. Currently, there is a wide variety of threats to the environment, environmental rights and interests, life and health, public and territorial security, which are complex in their structure, causes, consequences, and dynamics, and often interrelated with other social and economic factors. Among most urgent and large-scale threats, the author determines climate change, world ocean waters pollution, decline in biodiversity, wildfires, and in the long view &ndash; pollution of near-earth space environment. Environmental experts actively discuss the means for preventing such threats, including legal ones. Criminal law should also contribute to this activity.

Towards a Moral Compass to Guide Sustainability Transformations in a High-End Climate Change World

High-end climate change (HECC) raises unprecedented challenges for the transformation of society’s governance arrangements. In such potentially dangerous situation, these challenges have profound moral—rather than only scientific, technical, or managerial—implications. Unfortunately, despite the growing recognition of the necessity for morally-grounded, urgent social-ecological reconfigurations in order to sustainably navigate the uncertain landscape derived from HECC, explicit moral guidance to support the transformation of governance arrangements is still lacking. This work, through the metaphor of a moral compass, proposes a normative tool to support an integrated assessment processes in order to confront the moral challenges and dilemmas in governance and thus favour sustainable transformations under conditions of HECC.