scholarly journals Pragmatic Association of the Two Evaluation Concepts of Operational Observation and Mathematical Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Adel Razek
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Neuromorphic Computing ◽  
Bayesian Brain ◽  
Computing Technologies ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Brain Theory ◽  
Quantum Science ◽  
Structural Research

Recent developments in several theoretical and industrial concepts are closely associated to the relation of operational observation to mathematical modeling. The present work investigates first the interdependence of these two evaluation notions. An assessment of these notions is performed involving different analyses based on philosophical aspects as phenomenology and structural research. These analyses are also supported by illustrations from physics and quantum science. These analyses examine the autonomy limits of each of both concepts and their interdependence. The associate resulting from such interdependence is therefore studied. This involves different aspects characterizing such associate (couple) as its managing in time and its rulings. The immersion of the couple "observation-theory" is subsequently considered through the exploration of different representing cases showing the nature of the interdependence in this couple. The corroborating interdependence is illuminated in the case of coupled amended models. The matching interdependence is illustrated in the cases of the industrial digital twins concept and Bayesian brain theory in neuroscience. Finally, the imitating interdependence is pointed out in quantum and neuromorphic computing technologies. The conclusion of the paper underlines that mathematical modeling needs operational observation simply to be credible and that the second needs the first for deeper research. Additionally, the interdependence of this associate is valuable to the ideas of several research and industrial innovative concepts. Keywords: observation-modeling associate, phenomenology, structural research, Bayesian concepts, quantum science, matching, imitating, corroborating.

Pertinence of Predictive Models as Regards the Behavior of Observed Biological and Artificial Phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Adel Razek
Keyword(s):  
Link Prediction ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Mutant Virus ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Bayesian Brain ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Brain Theory ◽  
Observation Protocol ◽  
Knowledge Uncertainty

In this assessment, we have made an effort of synthesis on the role of theoretical and observational investigations in the analysis of the concepts and functioning of different natural biological and artificial phenomena. In this context, we pursued the objective of examining published works relating to the behavioral prediction of phenomena associated with its observation. We have examined examples from the literature concerning phenomena with known behaviors that associated to knowledge uncertainty as well as cases concerning phenomena with unknown and changing random behaviors linked to random uncertainty. The concerned cases are relative to brain functioning in neuroscience, modern smart industrial devices, and health care predictive endemic protocols. As predictive modeling is very concerned by the problematics relative to uncertainties that depend on the degree of matching in the link prediction-observation, we investigated first how to improve the model to match better the observation. Thus, we considered the case when the observed behavior and its model are contrasting, that implies the development of revised or amended models. Then we studied the case concerning the practice of modeling for the prediction of future behaviors of a phenomenon that is well known, and owning identified behavior. For such case, we illustrated the situation of prediction matched to observation operated in two cases. These are the Bayesian Brain theory in neuroscience and the Digital Twins industrial concept. The last investigated circumstance concerns the use of modeling for the prediction of future behaviors of a phenomenon that is not well known, or owning behavior varying arbitrary. For this situation, we studied contagion infections with an unknown mutant virus where the prediction task is very complicated and would be constrained only to adjust the principal clinical observation protocol. Keywords: prediction, observation, Bayesian, neuroscience, brain functioning, mutant virus

Use of Digital Twins for Mathematical Modeling of Ultrasonic Cutting of Titanium Blanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Maxim Ilyushkin ◽  
Kirill Savelev ◽  
Oleg Krupennikov ◽  
Evgeniy S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Stock Removal ◽  
Processing Zone

The paper presents the results of numerical experimental studies of cutting titanium blanks using mathematical modeling programs, which make it possible to completely repeat technological processes in a computer (digital twin). The LS-DYNA product was used as a program to simulate the process of stock removal from titanium blank. It has been established that the use of this method adequately describes the cutting processes, including with the introduction of the energy of an ultrasonic field into the processing zone, can significantly reduce the duration of experimental research and evaluate the influence of the elements of the cutting mode and design parameters of the tool on the thermal power aspects of the formation of new surfaces of machine parts.

scholarly journals Neuronal cell-type and circuit basis for visual predictive processing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmao Zou ◽  
Lawrence Huang ◽  
Lizhao Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Xu ◽  
Chenchang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Bayesian Brain ◽  
Action And Perception ◽  
Brain Theory ◽  
Perception Action

Bayesian Brain theory suggests brain utilises predictive processing framework to interpret the noisy world. Predictive processing is essential to perception, action, cognition and psychiatric disease, but underlying neural circuit mechanisms remain undelineated. Here we show the neuronal cell-type and circuit basis for visual predictive processing in awake, head-fixed mice during self-initiated running. Preceding running, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing inhibitory interneurons (INs) in primary visual cortex (V1) are robustly activated in absence of structured visual stimuli. This pre-running activation is mediated via distal top-down projections from frontal, parietal and retrosplenial areas known for motion planning, but not local excitatory inputs associated with the bottom-up pathway. Somatostatin (SST) INs show pre-running suppression and post-running activation, indicating a VIP-SST motif. Differential VIP-SST peri-running dynamics anisotropically suppress neighbouring pyramidal (Pyr) neurons, preadapting Pyr neurons to the incoming running. Our data delineate key neuron types and circuit elements of predictive processing brain employs in action and perception.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TWIN FOR INDOOR DISASTER IN SMART CITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
S. Shaharuddin ◽  
K. N. Abdul Maulud ◽  
S. A. F. Syed Abdul Rahman ◽  
A. I. Che Ani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract. Technology has advanced and progressed tremendously, and the term city is being elevated to a new level where the smart city has been introduced globally. Recent developments in the concept of smart city have led to a renewed interest in Digital Twin. Using precise Building Information Modelling (BIM) consolidated with big data and sensors, several attempts have been made to establish digital twin smart cities. In recent years, several researchers have sought to determine the capability of smart city and digital twin for various taxonomies such as development and urban planning purposes, built environment, manufacturing, environmental, disaster management, and healthcare. Despite being beneficial in many disciplines, especially in manufacturing, built environment, and urban planning, these existing studies have shown a lack of aspect in terms of emergency or disaster-related as opposed to the elements mentioned above. This is because the researcher has not treated emergencies or disasters in much detail. Therefore, an extensive review on smart city, digital twin, BIM and disaster management and technology that revolves around these terms were summarised. In general, 39 articles from prominent multidisciplinary databases were retrieved over the last two decades based on the suggested PRISMA workflow. These final articles were analysed and categorised into four themes based on the research content, gist, and keywords. Based on the review of 39 articles related to smart city, digital twin and BIM, a workflow for the smart city digital twin and the conceptual framework for indoor disaster management was proposed accordingly. The establishment of smart city digital twins solely for an indoor emergency can be beneficial to urbanites, and it could provide numerous benefits for enhanced situation assessment, decision making, coordination, and resource allocation.

Improving the interpretation of high-resolution images

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 654-655
Author(s):  
D. Van Dyck
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Technological Improvements ◽  
Structural Research

We are living in a very exciting period for structural research using HREM. Indeed, the possibility to “see” the individual atoms of which matter is constituted seems within reach. Recent technological improvements allow to obtain a resolution of about 0.1 nm. However, the potential power of the technique is still severely limited by the problem of quantitative interpretation of the images. For instance, the use of computer simulation images requires much a priori knowledge which makes HREM very dependent on other techniques. The situation can be compared with the early days of X-ray diffraction. Recent developments make it possible to retrieve the object structure directly from the electron micrographs. We will discuss future prospects in this direction.

Anaerobic Treatment Kinetics: Discussers' Report

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Harper ◽  
M. T. Suidan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biomass Characterization ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽  
Reactor Hydrodynamics

A discussion of principles guiding the experimental elucidation of microbial growth and substrate utilization kinetics, and the development of mathematical models for anaerobic wastewater treatment systems, is presented. Recent developments in the areas of anaerobic treatment microbiology (including biomass characterization), biochemical mechanisms, microbial growth dyamics, reactor hydrodynamics, and mathematical modeling approaches are presented and explored.

scholarly journals Digitalization as a tool for solving control problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Leonid Myshlyaev ◽  
Konstantin Venger ◽  
Vitaliy Grachev ◽  
Konstantin Ivushkin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Digital Models ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Model Approach

The article is devoted to the consideration of “digitalization” concept as a tool for solving control problems. The problems of digital twins formation are discussed and two directions for digital models creation are presented. The necessity of using a natural-model approach, methods of natural-mathematical modeling, similarity theory for building digital models is noted.

scholarly journals Computer simulation of hard-to-machine billet cutting using digital twins

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Kiselev ◽  
Maxim Ilyushkin ◽  
Kirill Savel'ev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Modeling Software

The formation of computer models of hard-to-machine titanium alloy billet cutting by the example of drilling is considered. There are presented results of numerical investigations of hole drilling in titanium billets using mathematical modeling software allowing the full imitation of engineering processes in computer (a digital twin).

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