scholarly journals Haplic chernozems humus condition of Western Bug and Styr terraced landscapes

2016 ◽  
pp. 296-308
Author(s):  
Pavlo Papish ◽  
Halyna Ivanyuk ◽  
Ihor Papish
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Humus Profile ◽  
Haplic Chernozems ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Volyn Upland Haplic Chernozems are distributed mainly on the terrace landscapes of the Western Bug and the Styr and their tributaries (Chornohuzka, Luha, Lypa). Most of these soils are old ploughlands that have experienced various types of degradation. Haplic Chernozems are low-humus soils and they have low storages of humus substance in the 20 cm arable layer and middle storages of humus in 100 cm soil thickness. There is correlation of C humic acids to C fulvic acids within 1.2–3.3 in the humus profile. Among the various fractions of humic substances the 2nd fraction associated to Calcium dominates. A content of “free” humic acids (1rst fraction) is very low and the amount of humin is low. The optical density of humic acids ( 0,001% НА Е1 cm, 465 nm ) are high and very high. The organic matter of Volyn Upland Haplic Chernozems has some regional peculiarities. First, it caused by topographical conditions of its formation and evolution in the Holocene. Chernozems of the 1st terrace of the River Western Bug are extremely deep. They have progressive-accumulative type of humus distribution in profile, humate type of humus in upper 100 cm layer, a very high degree of organic matter humification and the same content of humic fraction associated to Calcium and lowmiddle content of 3rd fraction associated to clay minerals. The molecules of humic acids in the humus horizon of Chernozems of the 1rst terrace are better structured that indicates the older age of humus in these soils. Chernozems of the 2nd terrace above the floodplain of the River Styr are middle-deep soils. They are characterised by the regressive-accumulative type of humus distribution in profile, humate-fulvate type of humus and very high degree of organic matter humification only in 25–50 cm layer. The content of fractions associated to Calcium and clay minerals is predominantly high. Key words: Haplic Chernozems, humus, humic acids, fulvic acids, optical density, humus condition.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE CONTENT AND QUALITY OF ORGANIC MATTER IN AGRARIAN SOILS OF NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE DEPENDING ON ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

2010 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
N. Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Humus State

On the basis of experimental and literary data the assessment of humus state of arable layer of differently cultivated typical agrarian-grey heavy loamy non-eroidated soils of the center of the Non-Black Earth zone of Russia was carried out. The gradations of humus content corresponding to the different level of soil fertility were determined. The optimal interval of humus content is calculated on the basis of its minimal value in non-erodized agrarian soils of the region and optimal limits of transforming organic matter. It is shown that at development of grey soils under forest in arable horizonThe content of humus, fulvic acids, mobile humic acids, extracted 0.1 n. NaOH, decreases, and the amount of humic acids associated with Ca sharply increases with the increase of their optical density and ratio to mobile humic acids to the level in agronomic black soil. Further domestication of agrarian soils on the background of systematic application of increased doses of organic fertilizers, along with increasing the content of humus, there are reverse changes in the ratio of these fractions of humic acids. At the same time, the optical density of humic acids associated with clay minerals decreases significantly, which indicates the processes of their renewal and enrichment by aliphatic structures. Criteria of difference between agrarian soils and podzolic soils and agronomic chernozems by quality of humus in arable horizon are discussed.

scholarly journals Humus conditions of the Pre-Dnisterian Podolia Haplic Chernozems

2017 ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
Andriy Lisovskiy ◽  
Vladyslav Harbar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Haplic Chernozems

The humus state of chernozems typical of Pre-Dnisterian Podolia is investigated. It has been established that for the content of humus the chernozems typical of the Pre-Dnisterian Podolia are low humus (2.78–3.98 %). With depth, the content of humus decreases gradually, indicating a uniformly accumulative type of distribution of organic matter in the soil profile. It is determined that in typical chernozems the phenomenon of moderate migration of humic acids is observed, thus forming a deep humus profile. Humic content to the depth of 90–100 cm is dominated by humic acids (Cga:Cfais 1.12–1.78). The general tendency of relative “pluralisation” of the arable lay eras a result of its agronomic exhaustion has been observed. In relation to the Cga to the general organic C, the chernozems soil of the study area is characterized by a high and very high degree of humification of organic matter. It is proved that the intensity of the migration processes of humic acids decreases in the direction of strengthening the hardness of the GTK territory, due to the tightening of calcium carbonates closer to the surface of the soil. Its middle and lower parts were formed, to a large extent, by infiltration of humic acids, moreover, mainly due to the calcium humates. In the case of the use of chernozems without the use of organic fertilizers, the processes of mineralization of plant residues and humus are more active, and the balance of humus is scarce. However, when applying a setoff measures, you cannot only prevent loss of humus but also increased their content. Such a complex should include the following measures: soil replenishment with organic substances, in particular, the planting of perennial grasses and sown crops, the abandonment of a higher grain of grain; minimizing cultivation; creation of optimal ratios of crops in crop rotation to reduce humus losses; the application of meliorants, which would ensure the strengthening of soil fixation of newly formed humus substances. Key words: Pre-Dnisterian Podolia, Haplic Chernozems, humus, humic acids, fulvic acids.

scholarly journals Characterization of Soil Organic Matter Individual Fractions (Fulvic Acids, Humic Acids, and Humins) by Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Techniques in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Romualda Bejger ◽  
Guillaume Debaene ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Aliphatic Chains

The objective of this paper was to investigate the molecular characterization of soil organic matter fractions (humic substances (HS): fulvic acids-FAs, humic acids-HAs, and humins-HNs), which are the most reactive soil components. A wide spectrum of spectroscopic (UV–VIS and VIS–nearIR), as well as electrochemical (zeta potential, particle size diameter, and polydispersity index), methods were applied to find the relevant differences in the behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties of HS fractions derived from various soils. Soil material (n = 30) used for the study were sampled from the surface layer (0–30 cm) of agricultural soils. FAs and HAs were isolated by sequential extraction in alkaline and acidic solutions, according to the International Humic Substances Society method, while HNs was determined in the soil residue (after FAs and HAs extraction) by mineral fraction digestion using a 0.1M HCL/0.3M HF mixture and DMSO. Our study showed that significant differences in the molecular structures of FAs, Has, and HNs occurred. Optical analysis confirmed the lower molecular weight of FAs with high amount of lignin-like compounds and the higher weighted aliphatic–aromatic structure of HAs. The HNs were characterized by a very pronounced and strong condensed structure associated with the highest molecular weight. HAs and HNs molecules exhibited an abundance of acidic, phenolic, and amine functional groups at the aromatic ring and aliphatic chains, while FAs mainly showed the presence of methyl, methylene, ethenyl, and carboxyl reactive groups. HS was characterized by high polydispersity related with their structure. FAs were characterized by ellipsoidal shape as being associated to the long aliphatic chains, while HAs and HNs revealed a smaller particle diameter and a more spherical shape caused by the higher intermolecular forcing between the particles. The observed trends directly indicate that individual HS fractions differ in behavior, formation, composition, and sorption properties, which reflects their binding potential to other molecules depending on soil properties resulting from their type. The determined properties of individual HS fractions are presented as averaged characteristics over the examined soils with different physico-chemical properties.

Solubilité de l'or dans les eaux interstitielles de la latérite coiffant le gîte aurifère de Misséni, au Mali

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1553-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Séa ◽  
Marc G. Tanguay ◽  
Pierre Trudel ◽  
Mario Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Gold Solubility ◽  
Mn Oxides ◽  
Very High ◽  
Interstitial Waters

Twenty samples of interstitial waters and pressed saprolite were collected within undisturbed saprolite blocks to determine the actual gold transporting mode in the auriferous laterites of Misséni, Mali. The results of the analyses indicate a very high solubility of gold in the interstitial waters of the Misséni laterites (from <2 to 16.7 ppb Au; Eh, 0.356–0.419 V; pH, 6.7–7.7). The calculated theoretical concentrations of auric chloride ion, [Formula: see text], (0.3 × 10−14 – 32.7 × 10−4 ppm) and thiosulphate ion, [Formula: see text], (2.5 × 10−212 – 6.7 × 10−180 ppm), which are generally inferred to be the ions transporting the gold in a supergene environment, are insignificant in the interstitial waters of the Misséni saprolite. Given the absence of significant concentrations of chloride or thiosulphate ions as measured in the interstitial waters of Misséni (Cl−, 1.5 × 10−4 – 1.2 × 10−2 mol L−1; [Formula: see text], 1.1 × 10−111 – 4.2 × 10−95 mol L−1), the gold monohydroxide, AuOH(H2O)0, could be responsible for the gold mobilization in the studied saprolite. However, its transport could be limited by the conspicuous (Fe, Mn) oxides in the Misséni saprolite, which can act as adsorbents. The calculated concentrtion of humic acid (0.004–0.03%), which can solubilize the gold contained in the analyzed interstitial waters, is 2 to 4 times lower than that of the measured organic matter in the samples of pressed saprolite (from <0.016 to 0.07% in organic carbon). These latter results could indicate that a part of the gold solubility in the Misséni superficial saprolite is linked to the humic acids. [Journal Translation]

Humus Substances and Soil Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Erika Tobiašová ◽  
Juraj Miškolczi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Haplic Chernozems ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Stability

Abstract In this study, the soil structure of two soil types (Haplic Chernozems and Eutric Fluvisols) in four ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban and agro-ecosystem) with dependence on humus substances were compared. The stability of dry-sieved and waterresistant macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates with a dependence on the proportion of humus substance fractions was determined. Quantity of humus substances influenced mainly water-resistant aggregates. A positive correlation was recorded between size fraction of 2.3 mm and contents of humus substances (P < 0.01; r = +0.710) and fulvic acids (P < 0.05; r = +0.634), and negative correlation between size fraction of 0.5.1 mm and contents of humus substances (P < 0.05; r = -0.613) and fulvic acids (P < 0.01; r = -0.711). Humic acids influenced mainly the formation of dry-sieved aggregates and fulvic acids played an important role in micro-aggregate formation. The quality of humus substances influenced more intensively the formation of dry-sieved aggregates. There were positive correlations between optical parameters of humus substances and humic acids and larger dry-sieved aggregates (3.7 mm) and negative correlations with smaller (0.5.3 mm). The highest proportions of larger size of water-resistant aggregates (1. 20 mm) were in forest ecosystem, but smaller (0.25.1 mm) agreggates were dominated in agro-ecosystem.

scholarly journals Metal Binding and Sources of Humic Substances in Recent Sediments from the Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (South-Eastern Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8466
Author(s):  
Christian Millo ◽  
Carlo Bravo ◽  
Stefano Covelli ◽  
Elena Pavoni ◽  
Elisa Petranich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Estuarine Lagoon

The Cananéia-Iguape estuarine–lagoon complex (São Paulo state, Brazil) is a natural laboratory to study metal binding by humic substances (HS) in subtropical settings. This transitional environment is evolving into a freshwater environment due to water input from the Ribeira River, funneled through the Valo Grande Canal (Iguape). Past mining activities in the Ribeira River basin and maritime traffic are suspected to be potential sources of trace metals in the system. In this study, the trace metal contents of Free Humic Acids (FHA), Bound Humic Acids (BHA), and Fulvic Acids (FA) extracted from sedimentary organic matter were investigated. Moreover, the sources of HS were traced using their stable carbon isotope compositions and C/N ratios. The results suggested a mixed marine–terrestrial source of FHA, BHA, and FA. Copper and Cr were the most abundant trace metals bound to HS. On average, Cu showed concentrations of 176, 115, and 37.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively, whereas Cr showed average concentrations of 47.4, 86.3, and 43.9 μg g−1 in FHA, BHA, and FA, respectively. Marine FHA showed the highest binding capacity for trace metals, whereas terrestrial FA derived from the decay of mangrove organic matter showed the lowest binding capacity.

scholarly journals Sustainability/resilience of soil organic matter components in an Argentinean arid region .

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Vázquez ◽  
Laura Noe ◽  
Adriana Abril ◽  
Carolina Merlo ◽  
Carlos Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Undisturbed Site

This short communication presents a novel approach to determining the soil sustainability of productive practices in an Argentinean arid region, using the resilience degree of soil organic matter components. The study was conducted in four sites of the Arid Chaco region of the Cordoba province: one undisturbed site, two sites with livestock (with total and with selective clearing) and one site with agriculture. In each site three soil samples were taken and total soil organic matter, fulvic and humic acids, and non-humic substances were analyzed. Variations of each component (%) between each productive practice and the undisturbed site were calculated in order to establish the resilience degree. The livestock soils showed: a) moderate resilience for non-humic substances, b) low resilience for organic matter and humic acids, and c) no resilience for fulvic acids. The agricultural soils showed: a) low resilience for total organic matter and non-humic substances, and b) no resilience for fulvic and humic acids. We conclude that this approach is a powerful tool for establishing management practices according to each particular situation, allowing improved productivity in arid regions.

Influence of humus acids on mobility and biological availability of iron, zinc and copper

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A. Fateev ◽  
D. Semenov ◽  
K. Smirnova ◽  
A. Shemet
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Mobile Forms

Soil organic matter is known as an important condition for the mobility of trace elements in soils, their geo- chemical migration and availability to plants. However, various components of soil organic matter have differ- ent effect on these processes due to their signifi cant differences in structure and properties. Aim. To establish the role of humic and fulvic acids in the process of formation of microelement mobility in soils and their accu- mulation in plants. Methods. A model experiment with sand culture was used to investigate the release of trace elements from preparations of humic and fulvic acids and their uptake by oat plants. Results. It was found that among biologically needed elements humic acids are enriched with iron, fulvic acids – with zinc, and copper distribution between these two groups of substances may be characterized as even. These elements have un- equal binding power with components of soil organic matter, as evidenced by their release into the cultivation medium and accumulation in plants. In the composition of fulvic acids zink has the most mobility – up to 95 % of this element is in the form, accessible for plants; the lowest mobility was demonstrated by copper in the composition with humic acids, for which no signifi cant changes in the concentration of mobile forms in the substrate and in the introduction to the test culture were registered. Despite signifi cantly higher iron content in humic acids, the application of fulvic acids in the cultivation medium provides a greater increase in the con- centration of mobile forms of this element. Conclusions. The results confi rm the important role of organic sub- stances of fulvic nature in the formation of zinc and iron mobility in the soil and their accumulation in plants.

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