scholarly journals Change of granulometric composition of drained soils of Male Polissia in the context of development of degradation processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Haskevych
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Degradation Processes

Sod-podzolic (Albenuvisoils Gleyic), meadow (Gleyic Chernic Phaeozems) and sod (Arenosols) soils are typical for Male Polissia. In the natural state, these soils are waterlogged, characterized by unsatisfactory physical properties, unsuitable for agricultural use. After the drainage reclamation, the soils are intensively used as arable land, pastures, and hayfields. The drainage has led to a significant decrease in groundwater levels, increased the washing water regime, intensified the processes of lessivage, which affected the physical properties of soils, in particular, granulometric composition. In the reclaimed areas, aridification and deflationary processes intensified. In deflated sod-podzolic soils, the relief of granulometric composition has been reducing due to decrease in the content of sludge and fine dust in the arable horizons. Granulometric composition of soils undergoes more significant transformations as a result of the intensification of flushing water regime after drainage. The content of physical clay in the arable horizon of sod-podzolic fixed- sandy soils decreased by 1.63 %, and of the sandy loam soils – by 5.30–6.20 %. In the humus-accumulating arable horizon of meadow soils, the physical clay content decreased by 2.40–1.60 %, that of sod soils – by 1.27–6.39 %. Washing off with drainage waters of small granulometric fractions results in an increase in the content of sand fractions and facilitates the granulometric composition of soils, changes in soil gradation at the level of variety. Decrease in the content of physical clay causes deterioration of physical, physical-and-chemical, agronomic properties of soils, and therefore causes the development of degradation processes: non-structural, deflation, dehumification, degradation of water and air and nutrient regimes, aridification. This gave rise to the idea of referring to the granulometric composition facilitation of drained soils as “granulometric degradation” and classifying it as physical degradation of soils. Key words: Male Polissia, drainage reclamation, soils, granulometric composition, physical clay, granulometric degradation.

scholarly journals The use of environmentally secure means of biological reclamation in order to prevent soil degradation processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
T. Zinkovskaya ◽  
V. Zinkovsky ◽  
V. Sorokina ◽  
L. Shakhparonyan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Degradation Processes

The article shows the importance of high-tech organic fertilizers of the new generation on the example of multi–purpose compost in the maintenance and reproduction of soil fertility. With increasing degradation of the soil cover of arable land, such fertilizers in combination with other means of farming systems with bio meliorative properties (perennial grasses, green manures, phytomeliorants), intensively activating soil microflora, affecting agrochemical and water–physical properties, can quickly restore and optimize the basis of fertility — soil organic matter. Therefore, in modern agriculture in the last 15–20 years, preference is given to the production of non-traditional high-tech biologically active and environmentally friendly organic fertilizers (composts) obtained by the method of bioconversion of organic raw materials. In the model experiment, the effect of multi-purpose compost, introduced at a dose of 15 t/ha, on the basic water–physical properties at different water regimes of dried gleyed loamy sod-podzolic soil was determined. The experience was laid in special vessels equipped with water regulating device. Studies have shown that multi-purpose compost at a dose of 15 t/ha by the fifth year after application, primarily affected the soil density of the arable layer, as well as porosity, moisture capacity, the amount of water readily available to plants, water permeability. So, with bilateral regulation of the water regime, the decrease in density was 5.8%. This, in turn, affected the increase in soil porosity to 4.8–5.2% and an increase in the reserves of productive moisture in the arable horizon. Thus, fertilizers obtained on the basis of the bioconversion of organic raw materials can improve soil indicators and help prevent degradation processes in agriculture.

ХАРАКТЕР ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ГЛУБИНЫ ЛУЧЕВИДНОГО ИЗНОСА ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВАРИАНТАХ АРМИРОВАНИЯ ДОЛОТООБРАЗНОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ЛЕМЕХОВ ПРИ ВСПАШКЕ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ПОЧВ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDR MIKHAL’CHENKOV ◽  
◽  
NELLI KOZHUKHOVA ◽  
ANNA TYUREVA ◽  
VASILIY LUZIK
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Shaped Part ◽  
Field Edge ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Minimum Wear

During the operation of the plow body, a number of defects are formed on the bit-shaped part of the plowshare, one of which is xiphoid wear. Renewing the life of a given part is often reduced to eliminating such wear in various ways that are not always rational. This occurs due to insufficient knowledge of the dynamics of xiphoid wear, especially little information about plowing heavy soils. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in identifying the nature of changes in the depth of xiphoid wear in various options for reinforcing the chisel-shaped area of ploughshares when plowing heavy soils. (Materials and methods) Authors conducted research using all-metal ploughshares of domestic production in the state of delivery and reinforced according to the schemes of the location of reinforcing rollers. The reinforcement rollers were formed using E42A-UONII-13/45 electrodes designed for welding carbon steels. The thickness in the area of the ploughshare wear was determined using a calibration plate, prisms, and an indicator micrometer with an accuracy of 0.01 millimeters. To ensure the same conditions of the experiment, it was carried out in fields where the soils had the same granulometric composition, which was loam with a physical clay content of 33-38 percent. (Results and discussion) The article reveals dynamics of the development of the xiphoid wear depth depending on the operating time and technological methods of strengthening reinforcement of the chisel-shaped part of the ploughshare. The article describes the technology of strengthening reinforcement that provides the minimum wear depth with the same operating time. (Conclusions) The article presents a method for determining the depth of xiphoid wear. The proposed technology of reinforcement of ploughshares with rollers perpendicular to the field edge, with surfacing of the buried part to a length of 100 millimeters and reinforcement of the heel will increase the resource of the part by 1.3 times.

scholarly journals Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ruihuan She ◽  
Yongxiang Yu ◽  
Chaorong Ge ◽  
Huaiying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.

RATIONALE FOR MONITORING GROUNDWATER LEVELS IN THE REHABILITATED PEATLANDS OF PRIPYAT POLESIE

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Olga N. Ratnicava ◽  
Irina P. Lisitsyna ◽  
Inna V. Аgeichik
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Relationship Of

Based on studies of geomorphology, stratigraphy, hydrology, various maps of Polesie, zones of influence of amelioration canals, vegetation maps, modern satellite images, as well as field studies of peatlands of Pripyat Polesie, two independent drainage systems have been identified, with a network of amelioration canals that intensively discharge water into the rivers Stwiga and Ybort`. Maps of key points were built In GIS-format, on which five sites were laid in the field within the Mezhch and Neresnya peat deposits for further long-term monitoring of GWL parameters. The locations of the sensors installation are based on the relationship of bog phytocenoses with the average annual GWL values and the amplitude of their fluctuations. Analysis of the GWL parameters before and after environmental rehabilitation measures will allow assessing the effectiveness of planned measures in disturbed areas and obtaining new data on areas of peat deposits in their natural state.

scholarly journals Stabilization of soil hydraulic properties under a long term no-till system

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Lozano ◽  
Carlos Germán Soracco ◽  
Vicente S. Buda ◽  
Guillermo O. Sarli ◽  
Roberto Raúl Filgueira
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Sequence

The area under the no-tillage system (NT) has been increasing over the last few years. Some authors indicate that stabilization of soil physical properties is reached after some years under NT while other authors debate this. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the last crop in the rotation sequence (1st year: maize, 2nd year: soybean, 3rd year: wheat/soybean) on soil pore configuration and hydraulic properties in two different soils (site 1: loam, site 2: sandy loam) from the Argentinean Pampas region under long-term NT treatments in order to determine if stabilization of soil physical properties is reached apart from a specific time in the crop sequence. In addition, we compared two procedures for evaluating water-conducting macroporosities, and evaluated the efficiency of the pedotransfer function ROSETTA in estimating the parameters of the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) model in these soils. Soil pore configuration and hydraulic properties were not stable and changed according to the crop sequence and the last crop grown in both sites. For both sites, saturated hydraulic conductivity, K0, water-conducting macroporosity, εma, and flow-weighted mean pore radius, R0ma, increased from the 1st to the 2nd year of the crop sequence, and this was attributed to the creation of water-conducting macropores by the maize roots. The VGM model adequately described the water retention curve (WRC) for these soils, but not the hydraulic conductivity (K) vs tension (h) curve. The ROSETTA function failed in the estimation of these parameters. In summary, mean values of K0 ranged from 0.74 to 3.88 cm h-1. In studies on NT effects on soil physical properties, the crop effect must be considered.

scholarly journals Agroecological assessment of water-physical properties of irrigated soils of the Trans-Urals in the analysis of the main hydrophysical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
I.V. Komissarova ◽  
A.V. Chelovechkova ◽  
N.V. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Soil Stratum ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Water-physical properties of soils are a set of soil properties that determine the accumulation, preservation and water transfer in the soil stratum. One of the important indicators of water-physical properties are soil-hydrological constants. These indicators can be used in forecasting yield, calculating the irrigation rate. The determination of soil-hydrological constants is a rather laborious process. In this article, we propose to obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of the main hydrophysical characteristics. This technique allows to analyze the data and obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of granulometric composition. The conducted studies have shown that the use of uncontrolled irrigation has led to the transformation of water-physical properties, the content of easily mobile, productive and gravitational moisture has decreased. When modeling the MHC curve, a change in the shape on the graphs can be noted.

scholarly journals The properties of river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain

2017 ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Perets ◽  
Oksana Vovk ◽  
Oleh Orlov ◽  
Olena Lutsyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Floodplain Soil

Alluvial soil formation is a dynamic process, the main prerequisite of which is the regular, periodic flooding of the river floodplain with flood waters, which are enriched with multidispersed organic and mineral particles. During the last century, about 80 % of territory of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain was transformed by means of hydrotechnical construction: waterproof dams and drainage channels have broken the wide river floodplains into isolated fragments, making impossible the free flow of flood waters, enriched with silt. The results of the study of stratification patterns of the river silt in the riverbed floodplain, depending on the flow velocity, granulometric composition, physical and chemical properties, given its role in the floodplain soil formation are given. The granulometric composition of the Dniester River silt changes downstream from the sandy to the heavy-loamy; In the floodplains of the Stryj and Svicha rivers medium- and heavy-loamy deposits are postponed, respectively. In the upper part of the Upper- Dniester alluvial plain (Chaikovichi 1, 2) accumulates a silt with predominance of the medium and fine sand fraction, which forms a good filtration ability of soils, whereas downstream the physical clay content increases (up to 47.2 %), which makes the river silt an important source of mineral nutrition of plants. The domination (over 40 %)in silt granulometric composition the rough dust fraction (Ustia 1, Zalisky 1) contributes to the improvement of the water-physical properties of alluvial soils and provides optimal conditions for the biota functioning. For the investigated river alluviums an alkaline reaction of the extract (pH (H2O) = 7,44–8,03) and low content of humus (0,54–3,80 %) are characteristic. The amount of nitrogen in the silt varies within 1,47–18,20 mg/100 g of soil. The river alluviums of the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain are an active factor in floodplain soil formation, since it optimizes the water-physical and physical-chemical properties of alluvial soils. But the influence area of silt on the soilsis sharply reduced and is limited only to the space in front of the dams. In the soils outside the dam, to which no fresh alluvial material comes, the hydrological regime is rebuilt and properties change substantially, up to the loss of their typological alluvial features. Key words: river alluviums, silt, floodplain, the Upper-Dniester alluvial plain, alluvial soils, hydrotechnical fragmentation.

scholarly journals Diagnostic role of soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Aggregate Composition

For the current stage of the development of soil science it is relevant to search for objectively existing interactions between the various soil properties. Solving this issue most appropriately should be based on the establishment of pedotransfer functions. Pedotransfer functions appeared at the time of the birth of quantitative soil science, when one of the properties of the soil tried to predict others when it became clear that everything in the soil is interrelated when it was established that there is a well-defined number of fundamental, basic properties of the soil, which is basically defines its other properties. Accordingly, the purpose of our work is to establish the diagnostic value of the individual soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the steppe by means of determining the existing interconnections between them and other properties and characteristics of these soils. The solution of this issue is one of the tasks of developing research on the soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The diagnostic value of granulometric and structural-aggregate composition, density and permeability for determining the general state of soils due to the existence of certain interactions between the indicated parameters and other soil properties is considered. The granulometric composition is a fundamental soil characteristic that determines not only the physical state, but also all the main soil properties and regimes of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The structural and aggregate composition is an important complex diagnostic feature of chernozem, which helps to reveal the peculiarities of their genesis under the influence of forest vegetation, in particular as a result of changes in the content and composition of organic matter, exchange cations, the influence of root vegetation systems, etc. The soil density, due to existing interactions with other soil properties, is an important diagnostic feature that reflects the features of their genesis and regimes, which determines the specificity of the ecological functions of the soils of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. Water permeability can be considered as a complex characteristic of soils, which to a certain extent reflects their granulometric composition, porosity, structural and aggregate composition, determines the features of the water-air regime. The differences of physical properties of zonal chernozems and chernozems, the genesis of which are connected with artificial and natural forest biogeocoenoses within the steppe zone of Ukraine, are analyzed. The relevance of the further search for relationships between physical indicators that are easily and promptly analyzed, and other soil properties for expanding diagnostic possibilities with respect to their genesis is pointed out.

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