scholarly journals The use of environmentally secure means of biological reclamation in order to prevent soil degradation processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
T. Zinkovskaya ◽  
V. Zinkovsky ◽  
V. Sorokina ◽  
L. Shakhparonyan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Degradation Processes

The article shows the importance of high-tech organic fertilizers of the new generation on the example of multi–purpose compost in the maintenance and reproduction of soil fertility. With increasing degradation of the soil cover of arable land, such fertilizers in combination with other means of farming systems with bio meliorative properties (perennial grasses, green manures, phytomeliorants), intensively activating soil microflora, affecting agrochemical and water–physical properties, can quickly restore and optimize the basis of fertility — soil organic matter. Therefore, in modern agriculture in the last 15–20 years, preference is given to the production of non-traditional high-tech biologically active and environmentally friendly organic fertilizers (composts) obtained by the method of bioconversion of organic raw materials. In the model experiment, the effect of multi-purpose compost, introduced at a dose of 15 t/ha, on the basic water–physical properties at different water regimes of dried gleyed loamy sod-podzolic soil was determined. The experience was laid in special vessels equipped with water regulating device. Studies have shown that multi-purpose compost at a dose of 15 t/ha by the fifth year after application, primarily affected the soil density of the arable layer, as well as porosity, moisture capacity, the amount of water readily available to plants, water permeability. So, with bilateral regulation of the water regime, the decrease in density was 5.8%. This, in turn, affected the increase in soil porosity to 4.8–5.2% and an increase in the reserves of productive moisture in the arable horizon. Thus, fertilizers obtained on the basis of the bioconversion of organic raw materials can improve soil indicators and help prevent degradation processes in agriculture.

scholarly journals Change of granulometric composition of drained soils of Male Polissia in the context of development of degradation processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Haskevych
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Degradation Processes

Sod-podzolic (Albenuvisoils Gleyic), meadow (Gleyic Chernic Phaeozems) and sod (Arenosols) soils are typical for Male Polissia. In the natural state, these soils are waterlogged, characterized by unsatisfactory physical properties, unsuitable for agricultural use. After the drainage reclamation, the soils are intensively used as arable land, pastures, and hayfields. The drainage has led to a significant decrease in groundwater levels, increased the washing water regime, intensified the processes of lessivage, which affected the physical properties of soils, in particular, granulometric composition. In the reclaimed areas, aridification and deflationary processes intensified. In deflated sod-podzolic soils, the relief of granulometric composition has been reducing due to decrease in the content of sludge and fine dust in the arable horizons. Granulometric composition of soils undergoes more significant transformations as a result of the intensification of flushing water regime after drainage. The content of physical clay in the arable horizon of sod-podzolic fixed- sandy soils decreased by 1.63 %, and of the sandy loam soils – by 5.30–6.20 %. In the humus-accumulating arable horizon of meadow soils, the physical clay content decreased by 2.40–1.60 %, that of sod soils – by 1.27–6.39 %. Washing off with drainage waters of small granulometric fractions results in an increase in the content of sand fractions and facilitates the granulometric composition of soils, changes in soil gradation at the level of variety. Decrease in the content of physical clay causes deterioration of physical, physical-and-chemical, agronomic properties of soils, and therefore causes the development of degradation processes: non-structural, deflation, dehumification, degradation of water and air and nutrient regimes, aridification. This gave rise to the idea of referring to the granulometric composition facilitation of drained soils as “granulometric degradation” and classifying it as physical degradation of soils. Key words: Male Polissia, drainage reclamation, soils, granulometric composition, physical clay, granulometric degradation.

scholarly journals Ground porousity during the period flowering, winter wheat wholesale and leaf closure in the row of sugar beet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Kryzhanovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
The Impact

Manifestations of agrophysical degradation, first of all, soil compaction and loss of structure, remain an urgent issue for Ukrainian chernozems. With increased anthropogenic pressure on soils, these processes only spread and therefore it is very important to find tillage systems and technologies that would reduce the negative impact on soils. The main areas that reduce the intensity of degradation processes in soils are the minimization of tillage and biologization of agriculture. Intensive tillage has led to accelerated mineralization of organic matter and as a consequence of reducing its content consumption of soil structure, and hence the deterioration of its water, air, heat and microbiological regimes. The reasons for the deterioration of the physical properties of the soil are the use of agricultural machinery, intensive tillage, a significant reduction in land reclamation, especially organic fertilizers, a significant share in crop rotations of row crops and almost complete absence of perennial grasses. At the same time, maintaining physical properties in the optimal range of values is a necessary condition for obtaining the planned return from fertilizers, ameliorants and water, the cost of which is currently very high. In the system of agrotechnical measures aimed at increasing soil fertility and crop productivity, rational mechanical tillage is of great importance, which regulates agrophysical, biological and agrochemical processes occurring in the soil, the intensity of decomposition and accumulation of organic matter, content root-containing layer and effective use of fertilizers applied by plants. Studies have shown the improvement of the parameters of physical properties of soils while minimizing their cultivation. Obviously, for the successful application of minimum tillage technologies, the soil must have physical properties that are close to optimal for most crops. That is why the study of the impact of soil-protective agricultural techniques on porosity and other indicators of physical properties is relevant for specific soil and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches for the efficient production of parapharmaceuticals based on wild raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01055
Author(s):  
G.H. Gumerova ◽  
M.R. Vakhitov ◽  
I.S. Dokuchaeva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Active Substances

The foundations of efficient production are laid at the stage of developing a high-tech product. The object of research is wild berries (lingonberry, honeysuckle, viburnum, cranberry, cloudberry, sea buckthorn, mountain ash, aronia), which are used as a source of a natural complex of biologically active substances and trace elements as the main substance of a new parapharmaceutical. The primary technological task of food engineering of paramarceuticals is the maximum extraction of biologically active substances of plant raw materials and their preservation in their native form during the warranty period of storage. Therefore, as the main criterion for changing the properties of raw materials during processing, we used the amount of change in the redox potential of the system. A set of methodological approaches has been developed to ensure the quality and safety of the new parapharmaceutical.

Development of Methods for Calculating the Environmental and Economic Efficiency of Waste Treatment Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Gulmira B. KEZEMBAYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Lack of land, transportation costs, environmental hazards, loss of valuable components contribute to the use of new methods for recycling. Therefore, the main objective of the work is to develop a methodology for calculating the environmental and economic efficiency of waste treatment technologies. In the work, economic efficiency was defined as the difference between the profit and costs associated with the implementation and implementation of this technology. The basis of the study, the authors took organic waste farms. As a processing technology, multiphase anaerobic fermentation was taken. It is established that the use of this technology contributes to the production of environmentally friendly bio-fertilizers, biologically active solution and biogas. It is determined that the submitted projects are cost-effective. Because it helps to reduce payments for waste disposal and prevent damage to the environment. Also, the use of biomass energy in the agro-industrial complex will provide an additional source of energy based on local renewable raw materials, concentrated organic fertilizers, bioactive solution.

scholarly journals Development of the forest strip network in the territory of the Volokonovsky district by carrying out an adaptive landscape agriculture system

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012146
Author(s):  
A A Melentyev ◽  
Y Y Zapara ◽  
V I Zheltukhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection

Abstract In the last decade of the twentieth century, there have been significant negative transformations of arable land in the main agricultural regions of Russia. Traditional and zonal farming systems were disrupted, extensive agricultural technologies began to prevail with low doses of mineral fertilizers, a sharp reduction in the number of soil treatments and the use of organic fertilizers and ameliorants, disruption of crop rotation, and burning of stubble. Under these conditions, degradation processes have developed extremely strongly: erosion and plowing, dehumification and acidification, alkalization, and salinization. Many lands turned out to be abandoned, the weediness of crops increased sharply. With a decrease in the real (effective) land fertility and the level of technological culture of agriculture, the profitability of crop production fell sharply. The volume of soil protection and erosion control measures has sharply decreased. Traditional recommendations on soil-protective crop rotations and agrotechnics in the new economic conditions turned out to be practically inaccessible for most farms and cooperative farms, the necessary condition for the survival of which is a quick return on financial investments. The development of agricultural production in the current environmental and economic conditions (the vital need to increase the profitability of production, on the one hand, and a serious aggravation of the agroecological situation and, as a consequence, the increase in environmental and economic risks of production, on the other) requires a transition to adaptive landscape farming systems, which are the next stage of landscape-ecological detailing and economic and economic adaptation of previously developed zonal farming systems.

scholarly journals Scientific basis of precision mechanical tillage and perspectives of its implementation in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Medvedev ◽  
Iryna Plisko ◽  
Svitlana Nakisko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
Treated Layer

Precision mechanical tillage is a fundamentally new agricultural strategy of farming, which is based on the use of information technology and new technical means and involves the implementation of technological measures for the main and pre-sowing tillage, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the physical properties of the root-content layer as indicators of differentiation of field tillage. In the article were presented the main provisions and stages of the method of determining the soil spatial heterogeneity of the plot. It was characterized indicators of precision mechanical soil tillage and promising methods for measuring parameters for precision tillage, including technical and software. It was proposed the preliminary norms of the physical properties of the treated layer for substantiation of the intensity of the basic mechanical soil tillage. It was proposed the characteristic of the main stages of the transition to precision farming and the mechanisms that should ensure its effective functioning, it was calculated the expected economic efficiency of precision farming. In the article was analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of arable land of Ukraine in terms of basic physical characteristics (structure, bulk density and penetration resistance) in the crop layer and plow sole. Some general patterns of manifestation of the spatial heterogeneity of the investigated properties of the soil cover of the land plots and the crop in all natural zones of Ukraine are analyzed, it serving as the main argument for the transition from generalized zonal technologies to precision mechanical tillage. The baseline data for the technological substantiation of the development of precision tillage (according to the content of the blocks in the seed layer) was worked out. Prospects for the introduction of precision agriculture in Ukraine are considered, based on the successful experience of mastering precision farming systems. Key words: soil, precision tillage, spatial heterogeneity, physical properties.

scholarly journals Trends in the development of technical means for recycling organic waste from agricultural production

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kachanova ◽  
Anatoly Bondarenko ◽  
Alexander Golovko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Literary Sources

Obtaining record harvests of grain crops in Russia in recent years has led to a decrease in soil fertility and degradation of agricultural lands. More than 40 million hectares of arable land require restoration. The lack of organic raw materials does not contribute to the restoration of soil fertility, and the manure and manure produced are the main sources of en-vironmental pollution. The purpose of the work was to develop trends in the development of technical means for recycling organic waste from agri-cultural production. The main method for achieving the goal was a system-atic analysis of literary sources on this topic and the results of the authors' own research. The results of the recycling of liquid, semi-liquid and solid manure into concentrated organic fertilizers are given. The main develop-ment trends: the ability to interact with animal husbandry and crop produc-tion; transfer of raw materials (organic waste of animal husbandry and crop production) into a product in the form of high-quality concentrated organic fertilizers, necessary for the restoration of soil fertility; digitalization of technological processes for the production of KOU and their differentiated application to the field by scanning the qualitative composition of nutrients in the production layer of the soil.

High-tech methods for processing meat raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
M.G. Baryshev ◽  
A.A. Zaporizhzhya ◽  
G.I. Kasyanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Tech

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

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