Calculation of the main parameters of the ultrasonic oscillatory system for the intensification of gas nitriding processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Valeria Perekryostova ◽  
Alexandr Sukhov ◽  
Nadegda Levushkina ◽  
Ravil Nigmetzyanov
Keyword(s):  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
Gas Environment ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the matters of designing an ultrasonic oscillatory system taking into account the peculiarities of the impact on the gas environment. Calculations of the elements of an ultrasonic oscillatory system are presented. The types of membrane emitters for influencing the saturating medium during gas nitriding are analyzed.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic oscillation superposition during welding

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Ravil Nigmetzyanov ◽  
Sergey Sundukov ◽  
Dmitriy Fatyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Molten Pool ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Automatic Welding ◽  
Ultrasonic Oscillation ◽  
Gas Environment ◽  
Protective Gas ◽  
The Impact

There are shown the investigation results on the impact of ultrasonic oscillation transfer to a structure element upon seam geometry during semi-automatic welding in protective gas environment. The effects arising in melt during ultrasound superposition, their impact upon the formation of molten pool, geometrical parameters and structure of seam cross-section are considered.

scholarly journals Mathematical model of the system “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch”

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-223
Author(s):  
Krupych, R. ◽  
Nishchenko, I. ◽  
Shevchuk, R. ◽  
Krupych, S.
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Mathematical System ◽  
Shock Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. Development of mathematical model of oscillating system “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch” for the purpose of theoretical substantiation of the parameters of the shaker. Methods. The basic positions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, mathematical modeling, program development and numerical calculations on the PC using methods of constructing mathematical models of functioning of agricultural machines are used. Results. The paper proposes a mathematical system model “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch” of six differential equations describing the motion of five separate masses (the mass of branch and four masses of individual shaker strings) and differential equations of the transverse and rotational motion of the system as whole. The mathematical system model determines the regularity of the motion of all masses, as well as the reactions of the viscals of the oscillatory system to the impact and after the impact that is generated in the shock mechanism. The proposed nonlinear, complex system of differential equations solves the numerical Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order of accuracy. On the basis of the calculated data the theoretical regularities of change of movement, speed and acceleration of a branch in the place of capture are received, which confirm that in the case of interaction of the cups of the shock mechanism there is blow that is accompanied by an increase in the acceleration of the branch, which is 4–5 times greater than the acceleration of the vibration mode of operation. Conclusions 1. The mathematical model of oscillating system “manual vibration shock shaker – fruit branch” is proposed in the form of system of six differential equations that allows to theoretically substantiate the basic modes of work of the manual shaker in the vibration shock mode to provide the agrotechnical necessary extraction completeness. 2. The received theoretical regularities of change of displacement, speed and acceleration of branch at the place of capture confirm the effectiveness of the vibration shock mode of the shaker. Due to the vibration-shock mode, the acceleration of the branch at the point of transmission of disturbing forces is 4–5 times higher than the acceleration of the vibrational operation mode. Keywords: manual shakes, vibration shocking process, oscillation oscillators, mathematical model, fruit branch, harvesting.

scholarly journals POST-IMPACT VIBRATIONS OF A SQUARE NONLINEAR DISPATIVE OSCILLATOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Vasyl Olshanskiy ◽  
Maksym Slipchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Spolnik ◽  
Oleksіі Tokarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cox Model ◽  
Elastic Characteristic ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Elliptic Functions ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Jacobi Elliptic Functions ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Impact

An oscillator damped by viscous linear resistance, due to the instantaneous increase in its mass after impact, can become a dissipative oscillatory system under the action of dry or positional friction. In the article describes the oscillations of a dissipative oscillator with an asymmetric quadratically nonlinear elastic characteristic and dry Coulomb friction, arising as a result of an inelastic vertical impact of a rigid body on it. In the article, the Cox model is used, which does not take into account local deformations of solid bodies subjected to impact. The paper establishes the dependences on the impact velocity and the values of other parameters at which the effect of asymmetry of the elastic characteristic of the system may appear or may not appear. The conditions are derived when the dynamic effect of asymmetry of the power characteristic is manifested in the system. It consists in the fact that the maximum displacement of the oscillator (oscillation range) in the direction of the shock pulse is less than the opposite extreme displacement (range) after the shock oscillations. The existence of such a critical value of the shock impulse is established, the excess of which leads to the loss of motion stability. The second integral of the oscillation equation describes the movement of the oscillator in time, expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. An approximate formula for their calculation is proposed. Formulas are also derived to determine the time to reach extreme deviations of the system from the equilibrium position. This time is expressed in terms of elliptic integrals of the first kind, which refer to the tabulated functions. Examples of calculations are considered, where, in addition to using the derived formulas, numerical computer integration of the original nonlinear differential equation of motion is carried out. A comparison of the results obtained for the displacement values of a quadratically nonlinear oscillator with dry friction expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and obtained by numerical integration is carried out. Good consistency of the calculation results in two ways confirmed the adequacy of the obtained analytical solutions of the nonlinear Cauchy problem.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR DETERMINING ENERGY LOSSES IN THE TRANSMISSION OF VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (36) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
I. Shasha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmission Losses ◽  
Armored Vehicles ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Generally the transmission can be considered as a mechanical system formed by a set of rigid links, the position and speed of which are determined by the problem of the law of motion of the engine crankshaft. The transmission of the car consists of a large number of flywheels which are interconnected by shafts, clutches and other elastic elements with different angular stiffness. These assembly units form a rather complex torsional oscillatory system with scattered parameters. Loads acting on the transmission of the car are due to environmental influences (macro- and micro-profile of the bearing surface, physical and mechanical properties of the soil, etc.) and fluctuations of the car itself, and are random. To determine the actual loads in its elements and the degree of non-uniformity of their motion, as well as finding the laws of this motion, it is necessary to take into account their elasticity and the impact of these processes on fuel consumption. The method of determining losses in the transmission of the car on the basis of the energy approach taking into account the operating conditions of armored vehicles of the NGU is proposed. The method should be based on a mathematical model of fuel consumption as the main source of energy, which takes into account the variety of operating conditions and follows from the theory of the car. Mechanical losses in the engine can be expressed through the magnitude of the piston stroke and crankshaft speed. The average effective pressure is determined by the force lost in the transmission and the force applied to the wheels of the car. The total moment of resistance of transmission given to driving wheels is presented in the form of two components: the moment caused by friction losses in knots transferring loadings (gearboxes, a transfer case, reducers of leading axles, cardan transfers), and the moment taking into account expenses energy for oil spraying in units (hydraulic losses). The total transmission losses consist of two main components: idling losses and torque transmission losses. Losses in transmission separately on units are defined by means of the special stands equipped with braking and loading devices. An important advantage of the method is the ability to obtain the equation of engine power balance and determine the efficiency of the transmission as a system with distributed parameters. Further research should be aimed at improving the mathematical model of fuel consumption, taking into account the calculated values of the transmission efficiency depending on the operating conditions of armored vehicles of the NGU.

Transient Stability of Rotary Frequency Converter Fed Low Frequency Railway Grids: The Impact of Different Grid Impedances and Different Converter Station Configurations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Laury ◽  
Lars Abrahamsson ◽  
Math Bollen
Keyword(s):  
Transient Stability ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Frequency Converters ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Equivalent Impedance ◽  
Power Oscillations ◽  
Fault Clearance ◽  
The Impact

One method of strengthening low frequency AC railway grids is to upgrade Booster Transformer (BT) catenary systems, to Auto Transformer (AT) catenary systems. An AT catenary system has lower equivalent impedance compared to a BT system. Thus, an upgrade makes the existing converter stations electrically closer. Converter stations may have different types of Rotary Frequency Converters (RFCs) installed in them, and it is not well explored how different RFCs behaves and interact during and after a large disturbance. Using the Anderson-Fouad model of synchronous machines to describe the dynamics of RFCs, several case studies have been performed through numerical simulations. The studies investigate the interactions within and between converter stations constituted with different RFC types, for BT as well AT catenary systems. The numerical studies reveal that replacing BT with AT catenary systems, results in a more oscillatory system behaviour. This is seen for example in the power oscillations between and inside converter stations, after fault clearance.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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