TECHNICAL DIRECTIONS OF MAINTENANCE OF WORKING CAPACITY OF ARMOURED VEHICLES OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE

Maintenance of armoured vehicles in modern conditions has a significant impact on the effectiveness of combat missions. In particular, the timeliness of delivery of personnel and necessary cargo can be a critical parameter for the success of tasks in emergencies of man-made and natural origin, riots, participation in special operations for searching for and neutralizing armed criminals, eliminating illegal armed groups or performing territorial defence tasks. A complex characteristic of any technical system is its efficiency as a measure of the feasibility of solutions adapted to operating conditions. Assessing the effectiveness of armoured vehicles is associated with the need to predict performance, which directly depends on the application of modern technical areas to maintain the required level of performance. The efficiency of the system - the ability to perform its functions with a certain level of quality during the established period of operation. The efficiency of the system is determined by the set of its properties, laid down in the design and manufacture and maintained during operation. In this work, the criterion of effectiveness is to maintain the efficiency of armoured vehicles at the required level in service and combat use in a variety of road, transport and atmospheric-climatic operating conditions. Strategies and tactics for maintaining armoured vehicles performance at the required level are considered. The specificity of the operation of armoured vehicles is that it is used in different, sometimes very difficult conditions. Therefore, an individual approach is required, an adaptive maintenance and repair system state of armoured vehicles. The most expedient for armoured vehicles is a balanced combination of all levels of regulation of the systems of organization of maintenance and repair.

ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ZONE OF INTERFERENCE OPERATION OF THE RADIO CHANNEL OF THE UHF / VHF RANGE COMMUNICATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF OPERATION OF THE RADIOSHENOPRIAD SOURCE SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS

A method for determining the limits of the maximum size of the stable radio reception area in the UHF / VHF range for mobile radio communication under the conditions of the radio interference system is proposed. The radio is intended to use a directional antenna or screen. Increasing the size of the stable radio reception area is provided by the optimal orientation at each point of the antenna device in azimuth and angle using the model of the radio channel, which allows to calculate the signal / interference ratio taking into account the spatial location of radio interference sources and digital 3D antenna pattern. receiver. The problem of determining the boundaries of the zone of stable radio exchange of mobile radio means using directional antennas in the conditions of real interference is formulated in the form of the problem of finding a single isoline in a scalar field. To determine the coordinates of the points of the map belonging to the isoline, a modification of the wave algorithm is proposed, which is low complexity and unambiguous results. Examples of practical use of the proposed numerical method allow us to conclude that the results are inconsistent with the data obtained in the known works by the analytical method for a particular case. At the same time, the numerical approach used significantly expands the possibilities of calculations by taking into account the location of multiple sources of radio interference at different altitudes, as well as the optimal orientation of the digital 3D - pattern of the antenna device of the signal receiver. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by increasing the area of the noise-tolerant radio exchange zone by 2.8 times in relation to the option of using a mobile radio with a dipole antenna. For the case of optimal orientation of the directional antenna of the receiver by the azimuth angle, additional optimization by the angle of the place gives a gain of 1.5 times.

MILITARY LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK IN TERMS OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE

Fundamental documents regarding military leadership and strategic communications of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the USA were analysed in the article. It refers to the Development of Military Leadership in the Armed Forces of Ukraine Doctrine, Project of Strategic Communications Doctrine in NGU, Strategic Communications Doctrine (AFU), Army Leadership and the Profession: Army Doctrine Publication No. 6-22, Army Leadership: Competent, Confident, and Agile Field Manual No. 6-22. Based on the analysis that was carried out, it is clarified how military leadership is viewed in the sources mentioned. Thus, Field Manual No. 6-22 �Army Leadership: Competent, Confident, and Agile� defines, that an Army leader is anyone who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences people to accomplish organizational goals. Army Doctrine Publication No. 6-22 �Army Leadership and the Profession� specifies leadership as the activity of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization. In the Doctrine of development of military leadership of the Armed Forces of Ukraine approved in December, 2020 leadership is considered as deliberate influence of the personnel of different ranks during everyday, official, learning and combat activities, �nd irregular (unusual, emergency) situations on the personnel by means of maintaining trust and respect, giving purpose, directing towards achieving it, providing discipline and motivation for performing tasks as intended and improving the Armed Forces as a social establishment. It is found out that in all above mentioned documents leadership is intertwined with influence and communication that define competencies of a modern military leader. The connection of leadership with strategic communications is considered in the article. The role of command in the creation of military leadership is defined. In particular, since one of the tasks of command within strategic communications is providing leadership of the military, and leadership reveals itself in the process of using effective methods of internal communications, it has been concluded that command is simultaneously a source of creation and tool for leadership . The article states that it seems urgent to raise the question of the definition of the notion of leadership for the National Guard of Ukraine, which would make it possible to define competencies required for the NGU officers. The suggestions regarding viable definition of the notion of leadership for the further validation of the military leadership framework within the National Guard of Ukraine activity are made.

USE OF SPECIAL PURPOSE PRODUCT FOR INCREASING PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISM OF SERVICEMEN WHEN PERFORMING TASKS IN EXTREME CONDITIONS

Extreme conditions are exceptional, special, extraordinary circumstances in which a civilian or military person often has to act, which requires them to show high skills, independence, activity, creativity, perseverance and determination in action, and require maximum stress, which goes sharply beyond limits of physiological norm. According to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, cold injuries in the overall structure of injuries range from 3 to 10% and are accompanied by disability and sometimes fatal. Annually, more than 12,000 cases of cold injuries in our countryare registered. The problem is especially relevant given that fighting continues in the eastern Ukraine, in which the risk of cold injuries increases. Researchers at the National University of Pharmacy found that amino sugar glucosamine hydrochloride (G g / x) has frigoprotective properties, in particular: reduces the degree of body temperature, improves motor activity, muscle tone and physical activity, cardiohemodynamics and rheological properties of blood in the conditions of cold injuries. In addition, its frigoprotective properties in combination with gelatin are increased. Therefore, to create a special purpose product for increasing the protective functions of the body of servicemen when performing tasks in extreme conditions, the technology of marmalade was chosen, the recipe of which introduced amino sugar glucosamine hydrochloride in a fixed mass proportion. It is proved that the obtained product improves the body's adaptation to long-term effects of low temperatures and can be recommended as a frigoprotector when performing military service tasks in the field.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE REPAIR SYSTEM OF AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE

In the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine, a system for repairing automotive vehicles has been introduced, which provides for current, secondary and overhaul repairs. Maintenance of machines is carried out in order to eliminate malfunctions arising from the use of machines, and allows the replacement of individual units, including the main one. The average repair consists in the replacement or overhaul of not more than half of the main units. Overhaul restores the life of the machine and should be carried out at specialized enterprises of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine or at other enterprises under contracts. Actually, in the military units of NGU, only current repairs are carried out. This is due to the high cost of overhaul and its low quality. Therefore, for the military units of the NGU, a diagnostic and recovery system for repairing automotive vehicles is proposed, including two types of repair: maintenance and restoration. The essence of maintenance repair consists in eliminating malfunctions, violations of adjustments during the operation of the machines according to the inspection, listening ? diagnostics with built-in and external diagnostic devices. Reconditioning repair consists in carrying out repair operations related to disassembling, troubleshooting, mechanical or other processing of component parts, assembling units, assemblies, testing them, and, if necessary, replacing them with new or repaired ones. Maintenance and repair repairs of automotive equipment are carried out only if there is a need for their implementation. It is proposed to establish ten parameters of the diagnostic and recovery system for the repair of automotive equipment at NGU and determine the life of the machine only before being discarding. The procedure for determining the number of machines that must be written off and get new ones to increase the non-reduced resource in each operation group is given.

EFFECTIVE METHOD OF SELECTING INTERFERENCE FIT BASED ON AUTOMATED COMPUTER MODEL CONSTRUCTION

The proposed scientific work considers and substantiates an effective method for selecting interference fit on smooth cylindrical surfaces of parts, which can be successfully applied in automated design of fit. Based on the analysis of numerical and analytical research of the results of calculation and design of the considered joints, a flat image of a mathematical model of the area of existence of geometric parameter values in a two-dimensional coordinate system (diameter and working length of the fit) was first obtained. At the next stage of modeling many alternative i-th standard interference fits were built. Within each i-th object centers of grouping rational values of geometric parameters were defined. They are formed by crossing the largest segments of allowable ranges of changing values of diameter and working length in each of the models of sets. The position of such centers is analytically described using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of R-functions. On the considered specific example of this research, the criterion for choosing a rational standard interference fit is formulated depending on the values of geometric parameters. The meaning of this criterion is that within the flat geometric image of the model, the shortest distance is analytically determined - the segment between the points of the grouping centers of the model of set of the �-th fit and the model of the area of existence of values. The effectiveness and advisability of the formulated criterion is illustrated by comparison with other criterions obtained in previous researches of the authors. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the task of choosing a single rational design solution is significantly simplified if several criterions of one of the alternative fits coincide.

JUSTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE WAY OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY TO UNITS WHEN PERFORMING TASKS AS ASSIGNED

The article is devoted to the research of variants of drinking water supply of National Guard of Ukraine units which perform their tasks according to their assignment outside the permanent deployment points. The article also deals with theoretical provisions, which can be taken as a basis for the methodology of substantiation of the optimal plan of such supply. It is noted that drinking water is an important resource in the system of food supply of military units, the lack or shortage of which for a relatively short period of time significantly affects the combat capabilities of the units. Based on this, the possibility of diversifying the sources of drinking water supply for the needs of the troops is studied. Both traditional options of drinking water supply for NGU needs and new ones, which are expected to be implemented in practice in the near future, are considered. Expanding the list of possible sources of potable water supply will contribute to increasing the reliability of water supply and reducing the cost of related logistics operations. Taking into account the presented options for providing drinking water, possible points of delivery of bottled drinking water to units that perform their tasks autonomously in difficult conditions were identified. The presence of several points of drinking water supply to units necessitates the development of a water supply plan. One of the key requirements for such a plan is minimization of total costs. It is shown that the transport problem of linear programming can be used as the basis for developing an optimal plan for supplying drinking bottled water to military units. In this case, the target function is reduced to a minimum of total costs of water delivery. The constraints affecting the processes and determining the search area of the optimal solution are formulated, the general approach to solving the formulated optimization problem is characterized.

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF MOVEMENT ON A DEFORMED SUPPORTING SURFACE WITH CHANGE OF TIRE PRESSURE IN WHEEL TIRES OF A MULTI-PURPOSE ARMORED VEHICLE IN THE EXAMPLE OF KrAZ �HURRICANE�

Mathematical modeling of the movement of multi-purpose armored vehicles for military purposes has significant features in contrast to the modeling of the movement of civilian vehicles. Because the operation of military equipment provides the ability to move not only on general roads, but also outside them. With different coefficients of adhesion of wheels to the road and coefficients of rolling resistance on the road. Therefore, to improve driving conditions and increase cross-country, it is advisable to carry out the optimal redistribution of air pressure in the tires. The efficiency of motion in such conditions must be theoretically investigated using a modern mathematical apparatus. That will allow providing for multipurpose motor vehicles effective performance of the set level of tasks in the specified operating conditions and at a certain ratio of its technical characteristics to provide the maximum degree of performance of technical requirements. The purpose of the article is to create a mathematical apparatus for regulating the air pressure between the axles of an armored vehicle with a wheel formula 8 ? 8, when moving on surfaces with variable coefficients of traction and wheel resistance, to increase the passability of a multi-purpose armored vehicle. The basis of the mathematical model of rectilinear motion of a multi-purpose armored vehicle on a deformed support surface and the determination of the characteristics of this movement (indicators of reference passability) is the modeling of the car movement proposed by the authors in the works. When developing a mathematical model of the movement of a multi-purpose armored vehicle on a deformed bearing surface, it is necessary to develop a calculation scheme in which the assumptions are made: ? the rectilinear movement of the multipurpose armored car on an equal basic basis is considered; ? left and starboard conditions are the same; ? wheel tracks of all bridges (axes) on the sides of the car completely coincide; ? the characteristics of the ground surface on the sides of the car are the same; ? the connection of the wheels with the car body in the vertical plane is rigid (without taking into account the elastic properties of the suspension); ? the longitudinal flexibility of the suspension guide elements is taken into account; ? the engine torque affects the wheel directly; ? elastic - damping properties of transmission elements are not taken into account; ? soil deformation is specified not because of its direct physical characteristics, but as specific energy losses during wheel rolling on a flat surface ? the longitudinal pliability of the guide elements of the suspension is taken into account; ? engine torque directly affects the wheel; ? elastic-damping properties of transmission elements are not taken into account; ? deformation of the soil is set not because of its direct physical characteristics, but as specific energy losses when rolling the wheel on a flat basis; ? engine response to a change in the position of the fuel supply body without delay; ? characteristic of the torque developed by the engine, taken in the form of an inclined line, the maximum value of which is determined by the fractions of the change in the position of the fuel supply body.

METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE EFFICIENCY OF COVERING GROUND FORCES BY AIR-DEFENSE UNITS WHEN MANAGING LOCAL CONFLICTS

An urgent issue today is the substantiation of the ability of air defense units to carry out their immediate tasks of covering ground forces from the air. The features of the use of ground forces in local conflicts, when the space in which it is necessary to carry out the assigned task, is stretched along the front and in depth are considered. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for calculating the effectiveness of covering ground forces from the air by air defense units in new positioning areas. The practical application of the developed methodology will allow the military commander to make the right decision to cover the actions of ground forces from the air. The article proposes a methodology that makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of covering ground forces of the company-battery type by air defense units. The methodology for calculating the effectiveness of covering the actions of ground forces by air defense units consists of an algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of an anti-aircraft missile system (anti-aircraft artillery complex), an algorithm for selecting the parameters of elements and structure of air defense units, an algorithm for proposing to the commander about the effectiveness of the selected structure for making a decision to conduct combat operations. The proposed technique allows the military commander to evaluate the options for the structure of the air defense, choose rational ones, with the best cover efficiency, and helps him make the right decision to repel air strikes. The proposed methodology makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of covering the weapons and infrastructure of ground forces and suggests whether the air defense units are capable of covering the actions of ground forces from the air.

RESEARCH OF RATIONAL VARIANTS OF MODERNIZATION OF ARMORED TROOP-CARRIER BTR-70

Currently, the National Guard of Ukraine and other power structures of the state are actively working on the acquisition of subdivisions with modern weapons, including armored vehicles. For objective reasons, such work cannot be done in a short time, therefore, the BTR-70 armored troop-carrier, developed and adopted in the seventies of the last century, is still in operation in significant numbers. An analysis of the design of the armored troop-carrier indicates that its power plant has structural features that do not fully meet modern approaches to the design of such weapons and, moreover, the vehicles have practically exhausted their assigned resource. However, the experience of operating the BTR-70, including in the combat zone, testifies that the potential capabilities and maintainability inherent in its design make it possible to use the armored troop-carrier even after the end of its intended resource, although the aforementioned complicates and increases the cost of operation. One of the ways to solve this problem is the modernization of the power plant of the armored troop-carrier, in particular, the replacement of gasoline engines with modern diesel engines and the improvement of the transmission design. In the course of the study, traction and speed properties of the armored vehicle in the standard configuration and when equipped with two D245.30E2 engines and Deutz engines are calculated and estimated. As a change in the design of the transmission, the option of replacing the standard gearbox with a gearbox with an overdrive is considered. It was found that equipping an armored personnel carrier with modern diesel engines in both cases leads to a significant increase in traction properties and an improvement in the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. However, due to the fact that the crankshaft speed of diesel engines is approximately 25-30 % lower than the corresponding frequency of gasoline engines, the maximum speed of an armored personnel carrier with diesel engines is limited by the design of the transmission and is about 70 km / h. This does not meet modern requirements for machines of this type, therefore, as an option; it is proposed to install a step-up reducer (divider) at the inlet of the gearbox. In this case, it is possible to reduce the gear ratio of the transmission in higher gears and, accordingly, increase the maximum speed of the armored troop-carrier on paved roads.