scholarly journals THE FAUNA OF INTESTINAL PARASITES OF BISON IN TERMS OF RESERVES

2019 ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
Tsepilova ◽  
Esaulova ◽  
Vasilevich
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
General Range

Сurrently, the study of parasitic diseases of wild ruminants is a priority in the general range of animal parasitosis, as wild ruminants can be a source of infection with helminthiasis for agricultural ruminants, as well as for humans. Studies were conducted in two reserves containing bisons – FSBI Prioksko-Terrasny reserve and SNR "Kaluzhskiye Zaseki". The objects of the study were bison of different age and sex groups, the material was feces taken from the pens. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The result of helmintho-ovoscopic methods of diagnostics showed that the fauna of intestinal parasites in GPP " Kaluzhskiye Zaseki" is represented by the following species and genera of helminthes: Fasciola hepatica, Nematodirus, Trichostrongylus and Trichocephalus, as well as protozoa of the Eimeria genus and in the Federal Prioksko-Terrasny reserve it is represented by Dicrocoelium lanceatum, Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni, Trichocephalus, and Trichostrongylus. The fauna of intestinal parasites of bison from the nature reserves of the Kaluzhskiye Zaseki and the Prioksko-Terrasny reserve differ, trematodes of different species of Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium lanceatum have been revealed in animals, which is obviously connected with different agro-climatic conditions of the area, and also, in the Prioksko-Terrasny reserve monizia of two species have been found, and protozoans of the Eimeria genus have not been found. The prevalent helminthiasis in both reserves are gastrointestinal strongylatosis and trichocephalosis.

scholarly journals Foodborne Parasitic Diseases in the Neotropics – a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
F. Chávez-Ruvalcaba ◽  
M. I. Chávez-Ruvalcaba ◽  
K. Moran Santibañez ◽  
J. L. Muñoz-Carrillo ◽  
A. León Coria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Average Percentage

Summary Within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is stated that everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living, which ensures, as well as their family, health and well-being, and food, thereby ensuring adequate nutrition. One of the major threats to overcome this is to ensure food security, which becomes particularly challenging in developing countries due to the high incidence of parasitic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO), considers it one of the main causes of morbidity, closely linked to poverty and related to inadequate personal hygiene, consumption of raw food, lack of sanitary services, limited access to drinking water and fecal contamination in the environment. It is estimated that more than a fifth of the world’s population is infected by one or several intestinal parasites, and that in many countries of Central and South America the average percentage of infected people is 45%, being Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichinella spiralis, Ascaris spp, Trypanosoma cruzi and Fasciola hepatica some of the most important ones in the neotropics. One of the main reasons why these diseases are diffi cult to control is t he ignorance of their lifecycles, as well as symptoms and current epidemiology of the disease, which contributes to a late or erroneous diagnosis. The present work aims to discuss and make public the current knowledge as well as the general characteristics of these diseases to the general audience.

Observations and Experiments on some Larval Trematodes of Freshwater Snails and Fish from Southern Iceland

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blair
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Summer Temperatures

During the Glasgow University Iceland Expedition in 1972 freshwater snails and fish in southern Iceland were sampled for larval trematodes. This survey was prompted by the lack of literature concerning larval trematodes there. Indeed, the apparent absence of liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (L.1758) from Iceland, (Palsson, pers. comm.) despite the presence of its molluscan and definitive hosts and the low summer temperatures, might lead to the supposition that climatic conditions are too harsh to permit completion of many trematode life-cycles. A number of adult trematodes have been reported from migratory birds in Iceland (Brinkmann 1956), although these parasites could have been acquired elsewhere. However, Crepidostomum farionis (Müller, 1784) from the gut of trout and char in Iceland (Brinkmann 1956) presumably completes its life cycle in freshwater there, although this has yet to be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931–2020): a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sazmand ◽  
Aliasghar Bahari ◽  
Sareh Papi ◽  
Domenico Otranto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Performance Conditions ◽  
Setaria Equina

AbstractParasitic infections can cause many respiratory, digestive and other diseases and contribute to some performance conditions in equids. However, knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites of equids in Iran is still limited. The present review covers all the information about parasitic diseases of horses, donkeys, mules and wild asses in Iran published as articles in Iranian and international journals, dissertations and congress papers from 1931 to July 2020. Parasites so far described in Iranian equids include species of 9 genera of the Protozoa (Trypanosoma, Giardia, Eimeria, Klossiella, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Theileria and Babesia), 50 helminth species from the digestive system (i.e., 2 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 37 nematodes) and from other organs (i.e., Schistosoma turkestanica, Echinococcus granulosus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Parafilaria multipapillosa, Setaria equina and 3 Onchocerca spp.). Furthermore, 16 species of hard ticks, 3 mite species causing mange, 2 lice species, and larvae of 4 Gastrophilus species and Hippobosca equina have been reported from equids in Iran. Archeoparasitological findings in coprolites of equids include Fasciola hepatica, Oxyuris equi, Anoplocephala spp. and intestinal strongyles. Parasitic diseases are important issues in terms of animal welfare, economics and public health; however, parasites and parasitic diseases of equines have not received adequate attention compared with ruminants and camels in Iran. The present review highlights the knowledge gaps related to equines about the presence, species, genotypes and subtypes of Neospora hughesi, Sarcocystis spp., Trichinella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis and microsporidia. Identification of ticks vectoring pathogenic parasites, bacteria and viruses has received little attention, too. The efficacy of common horse wormers also needs to be evaluated systematically.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo trematode models for chemotherapeutic studies

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KEISER
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Current State ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Discovery Pipeline

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis and food-borne trematodiases are chronic parasitic diseases affecting millions of people mostly in the developing world. Additional drugs should be developed as only few drugs are available for treatment and drug resistance might emerge. In vitro and in vivo whole parasite screens represent essential components of the trematodicidal drug discovery cascade. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of in vitro and in vivo screening systems of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and the intestinal fluke Echinostoma caproni. Examples of in vitro and in vivo evaluation of compounds for activity are presented. To boost the discovery pipeline for these diseases there is a need to develop validated, robust high-throughput in vitro systems with simple readouts.

Frequency and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in ovines of various regions of the State of Colima, Mexico

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. CABALLERO-ORTEGA ◽  
J. M. PALMA ◽  
L. J. GARCÍA-MÁRQUEZ ◽  
A. GILDO-CÁRDENAS ◽  
D. CORREA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Wild Cats ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYInfection of ewes byToxoplasma gondiimay induce abortions, thus it has consequences for sheep production. Colima, Western State of Mexico, has favourable climatic conditions for transmission and both domestic and wild cats live there. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of specific antibodies in sheep from the coast, a mountain, and a hill of Colima. Serum samples from 351 sheep were tested by a previously standardized indirect ELISA. The frequency of infection was estimated and the farm location and flock size, as well as the animals' age and sex were analysed as risk factors for toxoplasmosis. The frequency of antibodies depended on the altitude, being higher at sea level than at 1200 metres above sea level (OR=3·77, 95% CI=1·79–7·94,P<0·0001), and the size of the flock, being higher in the large ones (OR=2·23, 95% CI=1·35–3·71,P=0·002). Older animals were more frequently positive and with a stronger response than young ones (OR=1·77, 95% CI=1·07–2·93,P=0·016). No differences were observed between male and female sheep. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis is present in sheep of Colima with variations related to altitude, flock size and age.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG FOOD HANDLERS OF SARI, NORTHERN IRAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi SHARIF ◽  
Ahmad DARYANI ◽  
Elham KIA ◽  
Fateme REZAEI ◽  
Mehrdad NASIRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Food Borne Infections

Parasitic infection is highly prevalent throughout the developing countries of the world. Food handlers are a potential source of infection for many intestinal parasites and other enteropathogenic infections as well. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite carriers among food handlers attending the public health center laboratory in Sari, Northern Iran for annual check-up. The study was performed from August 2011 through February 2012. Stool samples were collected from 1041 male and female food handlers of different jobs aged between 18 to 63 years and were examined following standard procedures. Sociodemographic, environmental and behavioral data analysis of the food handlers were recorded in a separate questionnaire. Intestinal parasites were found in 161 (15.5%) of the studied samples. Seven species of protozoan or helminth infections were detected. Most of the participants were infected with Giardia lamblia (53.9%) followed by Blastocystis hominis (18%), Entamoeba coli (15.5%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (5.5%), Cryptosporidium sp. (3.1%), Iodamoeba butschlii (3.1%) and Hymenolepis nana (1.9%) as the only helminth infection. The findings emphasized that food handlers with different pathogenic organisms may predispose consumers to significant health risks. Routine screening and treatment of food handlers is a proper tool in preventing food-borne infections.

scholarly journals Observations on autochtonous liver flukes in wild ruminants in Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
A. Iglódyová ◽  
P. Lazar ◽  
J. Čurlík ◽  
R. Karolová ◽  
J. Ciberej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Liver Flukes

SummaryThe aim of the study was monitoring of liver flukes in wild ruminants including red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in selected regions of Slovak Republic. Between 2014 – 2016 we examined 782 faecal samples from selected wild ruminants using coprological techniques and serological methods (ELISA detection ofF. hepaticacoproantigens). None of the samples was positive for the presence ofFasciola hepatica, 5.89 % of faecal samples were positive forDicrocoelium dendriticum. Higher prevalence was recorded in mouflon (30.83 %), lower in red deer (1.49 %).D. dendriticuminfection was not determined in fallow deer and roe deer. The seasonal distribution of dicrocoeliosis indicated a highest prevalence in autumn. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in fenced rearing when compared with open hunting grounds, suggesting that animal agglomeration, constant use of the same areas and possible stress are the main risk factors. Parasitological examination of livers of hunted wild ruminants revealed dicrocoeliosis in mouflon.

scholarly journals INTESTINAL PARASITES IN EXOTIC ANIMALS IN MOSCOW

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Kurnosova
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
The City ◽  
Genus Eimeria

In 2019, a study was conducted of exotic animals kept in mini zoos and domestic conditions (chinchillas, ferrets, guinea pigs, rabbits, primates, reptiles, hedgehogs, squirrels) located in the city for the presence of intestinal parasitic diseases. The study showed that 2 types of intestinal protozoa were found in ferrets: Criptosporidium sp. (4%) and Isospora sp. (8%). In rabbits, one species of helminths P. amdiguus with invasion extensity (IE) 4.1% and protozoa Eimeria sp. (10.4%) was detected. The chinchillas revealed the simplest genus Giardia sp. (46.6%). In guinea pigs Entamoeba sp. (1.6%), Criptosporidium sp. (3.3%) and Giardia sp. (5%) was identified. In sguirrels, helminth eggs of Oxyurida sp. (IE 14%) and protozoa of the genus Eimeria sp. (50%) were found. In hedgehogs – two species of helminths of Capillaria sp. (20%) and Oxyurida sp. (10%). 80% of tamarins were infected with scratches; larvae of S. stercoralis nematodes were detected in saimiri (33.3%). One species of helminths of the genus Oxyurida sp. (76.2%) and 5 species of protozoa: Criptosporidium sp. (5%), Entamoeba sp. (6.25%), Trichomonas sp. (10%), Isospora sp. (6.25%) and Nyctotherus sp. (6.25%) was identified in reptiles. Pets revealed parasites, the probability of transmission of which to humans is not excluded.

scholarly journals Measures against cattle’s mono- and mixtinvasions with fasciolosis and strongylatoses of the gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00198
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Klimova ◽  
Manya Mkrtchyan ◽  
Tatyana Babintseva ◽  
Alexandra Reshetnikova ◽  
Yuliya Kurskaya
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

In the farms of the Udmurt Republic, the most common endoparasites of cattle are Fasciola hepatica, Chabertia ovina and Haemonchus contortus and their association. Feces samples were taken individually and examined by flotation and sequential swabs. The therapeutic efficacy of anthelmintic drugs has been studied in 780 cows. Animals’ infection rate was determined by triple helminthocoproovoscopic examination of fecal samples by flotation and sequential washing before and after antiparasitic treatments (15, 30 and 90 days after deworming). The high degree of cattle infection in various regions of the Udmurt Republic with fasciolosis and strongilatosis of the gastrointestinal tract is due to optimal climatic conditions for the regular transmission of the pathogen to susceptible animals. The therapeutic efficacy of anthelmintic drugs has been studied in 675 cows, which were divided according to the principle of analogues into groups consisting of 45 animals. According to the results of our studies in case of nematode monoinvasion, the most effective antiparasitic drugs are closanthin 20 % (the cost of one dose per animal is 77 rubles) and ivermectins (the cost of deworming per animal does not exceed 40 rubles). Analyzing the extenseffectivity of the studied anthelmintic drugs, we found that closantin 20 % at a dose of 1 is the optimal drug in terms of efficacy and cost for monoinvasions (ID – 100 %) with fasciola or strongilates of the gastrointestinal tract, and their association (ID – 93.3 %), 1.25ml / 50kg of animal weight.

The distribution ofFasciola hepaticaandFasciola giganticawithin southern Tanzania – constraints associated with the intermediate host

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. WALKER ◽  
A. E. MAKUNDI ◽  
F. V. NAMUBA ◽  
A. A. KASSUKU ◽  
J. KEYYU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Lymnaea Truncatula

SUMMARYIn East Africa,Fasciola giganticais generally the causative agent of fasciolosis but there have been reports ofF. hepaticain cattle from highland regions of Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zaire. The topography of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania provides an environment where the climatic conditions exist for the sustenance of lymnaeid species capable of supporting bothFasciola hepaticaandF. gigantica. Theoretically this would allow interaction between fasciolid species and the possible creation of hybrids. In this report we present molecular data confirming the existence of the snail,Lymnaea truncatula, at high altitude on the Kitulo Plateau of the Southern Highlands, Tanzania, along with morphometric and molecular data confirming the presence ofF. hepaticain the corresponding area. At lower altitudes, where climatic conditions were unfavourable for the existence ofL. truncatula, the presence of its sister speciesL. natalensiswas confirmed by molecular data along with its preferred fasciolid parasite,F. gigantica. Analysis based on a 618 bp sequence of the 28S rRNA gene did not reveal the presence of hybrid fasciolids in our fluke samples.

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