scholarly journals Foodborne Parasitic Diseases in the Neotropics – a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
F. Chávez-Ruvalcaba ◽  
M. I. Chávez-Ruvalcaba ◽  
K. Moran Santibañez ◽  
J. L. Muñoz-Carrillo ◽  
A. León Coria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Average Percentage

Summary Within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is stated that everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living, which ensures, as well as their family, health and well-being, and food, thereby ensuring adequate nutrition. One of the major threats to overcome this is to ensure food security, which becomes particularly challenging in developing countries due to the high incidence of parasitic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO), considers it one of the main causes of morbidity, closely linked to poverty and related to inadequate personal hygiene, consumption of raw food, lack of sanitary services, limited access to drinking water and fecal contamination in the environment. It is estimated that more than a fifth of the world’s population is infected by one or several intestinal parasites, and that in many countries of Central and South America the average percentage of infected people is 45%, being Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichinella spiralis, Ascaris spp, Trypanosoma cruzi and Fasciola hepatica some of the most important ones in the neotropics. One of the main reasons why these diseases are diffi cult to control is t he ignorance of their lifecycles, as well as symptoms and current epidemiology of the disease, which contributes to a late or erroneous diagnosis. The present work aims to discuss and make public the current knowledge as well as the general characteristics of these diseases to the general audience.

scholarly journals Sexual health and COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and health disparities across various populations, none has focused on sexual health. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of sexual health in the COVID-19 era. Methods A scoping review focusing on sexual health and COVID-19 will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Gender Studies Database, Gender Watch, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, governmental websites, and clinical trials registries (e.g., ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry). Study selection will conform to the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., content and thematic analysis) methods. Discussion Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 on sexual health. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap. Systematic review registrations Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework osf/io/PRX8E

scholarly journals Sexual health and COVID-19: Protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background: Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and health disparities across various populations, none have focused on sexual health. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of sexual health in the COVID-19 era.Methods: A scoping review focusing on sexual health and COVID-19 will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Gender Studies Database, Gender Watch, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, governmental websites and clinical trials registries (e.g. ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and International Standard Randomized Con-trolled Trial Number registry). Study selection will conform to Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g. frequencies) and qualitative (e.g. content and thematic analysis) methods.Discussion: Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks ofCOVID-19 on sexual health. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap.

scholarly journals Cycling as way increasing women motor activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
M. Yachnyk ◽  
I. Iachniuk ◽  
I. Iachniuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene

The article focuses on the fact that the leading condition for the physical development of a human is to achieve success in a healthy lifestyle. Healthy living is a practical action aimed at preventing diseases, strengthening all systems of the body and improving the overall well-being of the person. Optimal motor activity basis of the method of formation of healthy lifestyle, which influences different spheres of modern human life. Its need is determined by the patterns of normal growth and body development. It provides for the development and improvement of various processes of vital activity, support and promotion of health. Human physical activity with harmonious combination exercise, are indispensable means of preventing diseases, important factors for promoting human health and maintaining its efficiency. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, daily motor activity includes types of movements aimed at meeting the natural human needs (sleep, personal hygiene, eating, efforts spent on its preparation, purchase of products), as well as training and production activities, and specially organized physical activity combines various forms of exercise in its structure. The uniqueness of cycling is that during training you not only imitate mountain biking, but also exercise, and all this is done under pleasant music and under the guidance of an experienced trainer and lasts 45-55 minutes. During the exercise, almost all skeletal muscles are activated, and the load is distributed almost evenly into the upper and lower body. Variety of physical exercises, accuracy of dosing of loads, make the exercise on bikes accessible to people of different age categories. One of the main conditions for the physical development of young people, achieving success in a healthy life is health itself. Human health depends on the lifestyle that characterizes the conditions and features of daily life. Lifestyles cover different spheres: work, study, life, social life, culture, people's behavior and their spiritual values.

Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors in primary school children, Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Abdul Latif ◽  
A Butt ◽  
M Mansha ◽  
S Fatima ◽  
A Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Moist Environment ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Third World

Abstract Intestinal parasites are the major reasons for deaths all over the world especially in the third world. Poverty, poor sanitation, unclean drinking water, moist environment are the conditions for these parasitic ailments. Poor personal hygiene among children is considered an effective cause of parasitic invasion. In present study the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their associated risk factors were determined among the school children of Lahore. A total of 150 faecal samples were collected from the children of 3-15 years of age belonging to Private and Government Schools. Different techniques like Direct smear method, Formalin ether concentration, Sedimentation and McMaster were used to identify different stages of intestinal parasites. The parasites found were Giardia lamblia (4.66%), Entamoeba histolytica (3.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.66%), Taenia saginata (4%), Hymenolepis nana (2%), Trichuris trichura (2.66%) and Enterobius vermicularis (4%). A. lumbricoides was found to the most frequent of all parasites. The prevalence was higher among the children, with poor hygiene, having lack of education especially of mothers because they play a big role in child's upbringing and maintaining his good health. Educating cleanness alertness on parasitic diseases and application of helpful strategies for parents to raise socioeconomic circumstances may decrease the load of infection. Key messages Educating cleanness alertness on parasitic diseases and application of helpful strategies for parents to raise socioeconomic circumstances may decrease the load of infection. Health is Wealth.

scholarly journals Identification and control of sources of Taenia solium infection – the attempts to eradicate the parasite

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg ◽  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Tomasz Cencek
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Porcine Cysticercosis ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
And Control

AbstractTaenia soliumis a parasite causing porcine cysticercosis and human taeniosis and cysticercosis, parasitic zoonoses with a serious public health and economic influence. It has been globally ranked as the top foodborne parasite by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). This parasite is transmitted mainly in countryside regions where animals are free roaming, having access to human faeces, and infected pork is widely available. More developed countries eliminated cysticercosis; nonetheless, there are insufficient data about the current endemicity status ofT.solium, due to increased human migration from endemic areas. Formally submitted statistics on cysticercosis in pigs are extremely inadequate. This is the result of not reporting all cases of the disease by some countries and lack of molecular verification during identification of the parasite. There is a need to develop diagnostic tests with increased sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of the present review is to summarise current knowledge about diagnostic and control methods concerningT.soliuminfection. The article does not address the diagnostics of human cysticercosis, since there is a distinct medical field which should be discussed separately. The paper focuses mainly on identifying the sources ofT.soliuminfection, presenting the methods to detect and control porcine cysticercosis and taeniosis in humans.

scholarly journals Prioritisation of food-borne parasites in Europe, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Bouwknegt ◽  
Brecht Devleesschauwer ◽  
Heather Graham ◽  
Lucy J Robertson ◽  
Joke WB van der Giessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Food Borne

Background and aims Priority setting is a challenging task for public health professionals. To support health professionals with this and in following a recommendation from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO), 35 European parasitologists attended a workshop from 8–12 February 2016 to rank food-borne parasites (FBP) in terms of their importance for Europe and regions within Europe. Methods: Countries were divided into European regions according to those used by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. We used the same multicriteria decision analysis approach as the FAO/WHO, for comparison of results, and a modified version, for better regional representation. Twenty-five FBP were scored in subgroups, using predefined decision rules. Results: At the European level, Echinococcus multilocularis ranked first, followed by Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis. At the regional level, E. multilocularis ranked highest in Northern and Eastern Europe, E. granulosus in South-Western and South-Eastern Europe, and T. gondii in Western Europe. Anisakidae, ranking 17th globally, appeared in each European region’s top 10. In contrast, Taenia solium, ranked highest globally but 10th for Europe. Conclusions: FBP of importance in Europe differ from those of importance globally, requiring targeted surveillance systems, intervention measures, and preparedness planning that differ across the world and across Europe.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study on some endemic parasitic diseases to know the efficiency of the health system in the holy province of Karbala

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4195-4200
Author(s):  
Al-Zubaidi Hanan Abbas Majeed ◽  
Zainab Abed Muhsin AL-Haboobi ◽  
Shaima Abd Muhsin AL-Haboobi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

The increased incidence of the parasites is associated with various factors, including lack of community health awareness, unsafe, inadequate disposal of human waste, lack of safe drinking water, low socioeconomic status, and health system performance. To determine the prevalence of some endemic parasites such as intestinal parasites five years ago, so the study take protozoa parasite Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and one intestinal helminth pinworm Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and the correlation of infections with age and sex in Karbala city. This study took cases examined in hospitals and health centers of the districts and the centre of the holy city of Karbala using the database of the Ministry of Health's Transitional Diseases Centre. It was conducted between 2015 and 2019 to study the efficiency of a health system and the levels of risky infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2019, the conducted study was on three intestinal parasitic diseases. The study showed a significant difference in the level of infection with pinworm parasites. Infection of Enterobius vermicular increased by 32.8% in 2019 compared to previous years. In the meanwhile, Giardia lamblia decreased by 4.6%, followed by Endameba histolytic a by 3.6%, while the incidence of tissue amoeba parasites increased in 2015, followed by pinworms 2.4% and G.lamblia 2.9%. The study showed a significant difference. The studies also recorded a significant increase in the age group. Some of them were between the ages of more than one year and up to less than 45 years. This difference may be due to variation in sample size, seasonal variation, gene amebiasis, giardiasis, pinworm, parasite ral and personal hygiene, and public health services.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis among Humans and Pigs in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Henry Ofosu Addo ◽  
Ayodele O. Majekodunmi ◽  
Eric Sampane-Donkor ◽  
Lawrence Henry Ofosu-Appiah ◽  
David Opare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pig Farming ◽  
Pig Management

In this study, the seroprevalence of the intestinal worms Taenia solium and Trichinella spiralis in humans and pigs was assessed. A cross-sectional serological study design was performed. Blood samples were collected from 322 humans and 245 pigs used in the study. These were tested for markers of antibodies for Taenia solium and Trichinella spp. Demographic data such as sex, age, education, pig farming practices, and water source used were also obtained. An overall seroprevalence of 3.1% was recorded for Taenia solium in humans. There was also a statistical association between pig management system employed by pig farmers and seropositivity to Taenia solium ( p = 0.005 ). Factors such as mode of waste disposal ( p = 0.003 ) and water source used statistically correlated with Taenia solium seroprevalence among humans. For the pig samples, a Taenia solium seroprevalence of 24.9% was recorded. All the pig samples which tested positive for Taenia solium were reared on the free-ranged system. This study also recorded a seroprevalence of 0.31% for Trichinella spp. for humans and a seroprevalence of 4.5% for Trichinella spp. for pigs. Again, all the samples that showed serological evidence of Trichinella spp. among pigs came from those pigs which were raised on the free-ranged system. Proper pig management practice is a very important tool for controlling these intestinal parasites in both humans and animals. This study recommends public health education among the general public and good pig farming practices.

scholarly journals QUALITY ASSURANCE IN OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARJAN BILBAN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Assurance System ◽  
The Right

Abstract:According to World Health Organization's definition, quality healthcare is one meeting agreed-upon criteria, using all current knowledge and available funds to meet expectations regarding improving the well-being of a patient and reducing health risks they are exposed to. Quality healthcare uses effective healthcare procedures, treats the right people and does so in an efficient manner, of course considering the circumstances. Due to specifics that arise in the field, occupational medicine is one of the fields where appropriate implementation of a quality assurance system could greatly improve the quality of work. Medical errors should be accepted as everyday companions of our work and as a source of valuable experience, which will help us ensure greater safety for our patients as well as ourselves. Discovery and elimination of deviations should thus become primarily a means of quality improvement as we try to establish our priorities. Key words:quality,occupational medicine, supervision

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Risk Factors in Chepang Community of Saktikhor Area, Chitwan, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Srijana Adhikari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract: Objective: Pathogenic species of protozoa and helminth cause intestinal parasitosis, which continues to be a significant community well-being issue in many regions of the world, especially in pastoral regions of developing countries like Nepal. The study focused on determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and the associated risk factors among the people of the Chepang community of the Saktikhor area in the Chitwan district. Materials and Methods: A transversal study was conducted between May 2017 and October 2017, with a total of 125 participants. The fecal samples were examined using a wet media (saline media, iodine preparation), concentration and sucrose flotation method. The association between risk factors and parasitic prevalence was evaluated using the Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: The general prevalence of intestinal parasite infection was 52%. Infections with soil-borne helminth were more common than those with cestodes and protozoa. Common intestinal parasites included Ascaris lumbricoides (69.23%), Trichuris trichiura (9.23%), Hookworm (7.69%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.62%), Hymenolepis nana (6.15%), Taenia sp. (6.15%), and Entamoeba coli (9.23%). High prevalence of infection was observed among male (53.96% ) participants and those aged over 20 years (69.44%). Pearson's chi-square test revealed a substantial relationship between prevalence of parasite and age group (P=0.0452), hand washing material (P<0.001) and preference for defecation site (P<0.001). Conclusion: Hence, a heavy occurrence of intestinal parasites within the Chepang community is particularly evident. There is a need for increased emphasis on intrusion, which can be achieved by improving personal hygiene and sanitation of participants and constructing proper sanitary toilets to prevent the spread of parasitic infections. Keywords: IPIs, Helminth, Cestode, Protozoan, HMP, NTDs, Community, Prevalence.

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