scholarly journals Small mammals of the Kaluga region – reservoirs of dangerous zoonotic diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Nikanorova ◽  
Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Small Forest

The article considers the issues of carriage by small mammals of dangerous zoonotic diseases: leptospirosis, tularemia, hantaviruses. Data on the detection of antigens to pathogens in the districts of the Kaluga region are presented. As you know, small mammals are the main link in maintaining zoonotic natural focal diseases. The larval phases of ixodic ticks, mosquitoes and other parasitic arthropods prefer to feed on the blood of mouse rodents, which contributes to the spread of vector-borne infections and infestations. The following species of mouse rodents are found in the Kaluga Region: small forest mouse (Apodemus uralensis), gray vole, red vole (Myodes glareolus), field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In natural biotopes, field species prevail in number: field mouse, gray vole, red vole. In the Kaluga region, antigens for tularemia, hantaviruses, and leptospirosis were found in small mammals in 4.9–9.4% of the studied animals on average per year. Of particular concern are the city of Kaluga, Borovsky, Babyninsky, Yukhnovsky, Ulyanovsk, Medynsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Meshchovsky, Peremyshlsky, Kozelsky, Dzerzhinsky and Ulyanovsk districts. The data obtained indicate the stationarity of these diseases in the territory of the Kaluga region.

scholarly journals Species composition of small mammals in key biotopes near Kolomak (Kharkiv Oblast)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (20) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Oksana Markovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Apodemus Agrarius ◽  
Micromys Minutus

The study of the species composition and biotope preferences of small mammals around Kolomak had been carried out for four years (2017–2020). During the study period, 9 species of mouse-like rodents and 3 species of insectivores were found. No Cricetulus migratorius, Terricola subterraneus or Microtus oeconomus were found from the theoretically expected species already known for this area. Around Kolomak, 11 biotopes were investigated, including maple-linden oak forest, agrocenoses, dry and flooded meadows, which are located along the banks of a pond and in a gully-ravine system. The first year of research was in a year of high abundance (2017), and then 9 species were immediately discovered, but species with small abundance, such as Crocidura suaveolens, Sorex minutus, and Micromys minutus, were found in years with a small relative abundance of small mammals. Myodes glareolus, Sylvaemus tauricus and Sylvaemus uralensis are dominant species in the captures. According to the trapping results, 2017 was the year of high relative abundance of small mammals, 2018 was the year of the lowest relative abundance, 2019 and 2020 were years with an average relative abundance. During the study period, 6 species were identified in forest biotopes (Apodemus agrarius, Sylvaemus tauricus, Sylvaemus uralensis, Myodes glareolus, Sorex araneus, and Dryomys nitedula). In ecotones with floodplain biotopes, 8 species were found (Apodemus agrarius, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, Sylvaemus uralensis, Mus musculus, Micromys minutus, Myodes glareolus, and Sorex araneus). Four species (Mus musculus, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, Sylvaemus uralensis, and Microtus levis) were discovered near human settlements. In general, biotopes with the greatest species diversity and number of caught individuals are ecotones of dry and floodplain meadows. In years of high abundance, both species diversity and the number of individuals caught in the oak forest and in ecotones near the pond increased. It should be noted that Myodes glareolus was caught in clear-cuts during the two years (2019-2020) only in the summer of 2020. Earlier, not a single specimen of this species was caught there, although there is a dense weed grass cover in this area and the shrub layer has also grown up in some places, and the clear-cut is surrounded by oak forest.

scholarly journals Faunistic Study of the Rodents of North Khorasan Province, North East of Iran, 2011–2013

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kourosh Arzamani ◽  
Zeinolabedin Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shirzadi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Alavinia ◽  
Behruz Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
North East ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus ◽  
Spermophilus Fulvus

Background: Rodents are one of the most important hosts for some zoonotic diseases and also act as a reservoir of some ectoparasites and endoparasites. They cause damage to the farms and inflict public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the faunal composition of rodent in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran. Methods: The sampling was carried out between 2011 to 2013. The specimens were collected using different methods including rodent death and live traps, digging of their burrow, and hand net from 75 different sample sites. Results: The total number of 396 specimens belonging to 22 species and six families were identified. The results illustrated the high numbers and densities of Meriones persicus (17.68%), Meriones libycus (15.15%), Nesokia indica (7.32%) and Rhombomys opimus (6.82%), as the most important reservoirs for different zoonotic diseases. Moreover, significant number of other rodent species including Mus musculus (15.66%), Apodemus witherbyi (13.89%), A. hyrcanicus (0.25%), Rattus norvegicus (1.01%), Meriones crassus (0.25%), Gerbillus nanus (0.51%), Microtus paradoxus (2.27%), M. transcaspicus (0.76%), Ellobius fuscocapillus (0.25%), Cricetulus migratorius (4.29%), Calomyscus elburzensis (4.29%), C. mystax (1.26%), Spermophilus fulvus (0.25%), Dryomys nitedula (3.54%), Allactaga elater (3.54%), Jaculus blanfordi (0.25%), Meriones zarudnyi (0.25%), M. meridianus (0.51%), and Hystrix indica as hosts for parasites and zoonotic diseases were identified. Conclusion: The high biodiversity including at least 22 species and six families of rodents were found in North Khorasan Province, some of them were medically important species.

scholarly journals Regression mathematical modeling of the population of mouse-like rodents, hosts of blood-sucking arthropods in the Non-Black Earth Zone by the example of the Kaluga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
F. I. Vasilevich ◽  
A. M. Nikanorova ◽  
V. V. Kalmykov ◽  
A. I. Selyutina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is a regression mathematical modeling of the population of small mammals, hosts of ixodid ticks in the Kaluga Region, which allows assessing the likelihood of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases.Materials and methods. For 10 years (from 2009 to 2019), a 2k multifactorial experiment was performed in the field by the method of V. V. Kalmykov (2016). The study object was mouse-like rodents that are the most common in the Kaluga Region. Rodents were counted by standard methods using techniques of V. N. Shnitnikov (1929), P. B. Yurgenson (1934) and A. N. Formozov (1937). The generally accepted steel spring traps were used. Animals were counted throughout all habitats.Results and discussion. Regression mathematical models of the mouse-like rodent population were obtained depending on the average monthly temperature, precipitation and atmospheric pressure for the year in the Non-Black Earth Zone by the example of the Kaluga Region. The specific nature of the obtained analytical model is that the greatest influence on the population of small mammals is made by the interaction effect of two factors, temperature and atmospheric pressure. Their impact is more significant than the influence of each of the three study factors separately, in particular, it is stronger than the only influence of temperature by 1.02, the only impact of precipitation by 2.58, and the only impact of atmospheric pressure by 2.72. The analytic mathematical model allows us to calculate, without significant material or time costs, populations of mouse-like rodents not only in the Kaluga Region, but also in regions with similar climate conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of antibodies against leptospires in small mammals in relation to age, sex and season

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Treml ◽  
Jiří Nepeřený ◽  
Eva Jánová ◽  
Hana Banďouchová ◽  
Jiří Pikula
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
South Moravia

A total of 2,195 small mammals belonging to 8 species were captured in different districts of South Moravia, Czech Republic, and examined for antibodies against leptospires in the period from 2004 to 2008. Positive specimens amounting to 173 (9%) were found annually in five species of rodents such as Apodemus sp., Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis, Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. The recognised leptospiral serotypes included L. grippotyphosa, L. bulgarica, L. sejroe and L. icterohaemorrhagiae/copenhageni. The highest prevalence of antibodies was against the L. grippotyphosa serotype (92.8%). Reactions with other serotypes of leptospires were exceptional. Reactions with L. bulgarica antigen were only due to coagglutination with L. grippotyphosa leptospires. The titres ranged from 100 to 12,800. However, lower values up to the titre of 800 predominated in 151 cases (83.4%). There were non-significant sex differences in seroprevalence with 8.1% and 7.6% prevalence in males and females, respectively. Marked differences were, however, found in seroprevalence of juveniles and adults with 3.3% and 10.2%, respectively. Adult males and females were seropositive in 10.9% and 9.5%, respectively; juveniles were seropositive only in 3.0% and 3.7%. The highest percentage of specimens (43.6%) was examined during July and August. The summer seroprevalence of 10.9% was higher than in spring and autumn. Our results revealed the persistence of both natural and synanthropic nidi of leptospirosis in the region under study and demonstrated epidemiological implications regarding health protection of animals and humans.

scholarly journals Rodent species in urban cemeteries of Chisinau city, Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Caraman ◽  
◽  
Galina Tikhonova ◽  
Igori Tikhonov ◽  
Elena Kotenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Microtus Rossiaemeridionalis

The research has been conducted in 3 biggest cemeteries of Chisinau city: Central (“Armenian”), “Saint Lazarus” (“Doina”) and Jewish. We found 9 species of small mammals (7 species of rodents and 2 shrews). Species of rodents were Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus and 2 shrew species – Sorex araneus and Crocidura suaveolens. A.sylvaticus was dominant species, followed by M. rossiaemeridionalis and A. flavicollis.

scholarly journals Antibodies Related to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis Detected in Serum and Heart Rinses of Wild Small Mammals in the Czech Republic

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Alena Žákovská ◽  
Eva Bártová ◽  
Pavlína Pittermannová ◽  
Marie Budíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
The Czech Republic

Wild small mammals are the most common reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause zoonotic diseases. The aim of the study was to detect antibodies related to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis in wild small mammals from the Czech Republic. In total, sera or heart rinses of 211 wild small mammals (168 Apodemus flavicollis, 28 Myodes glareolus, 9 A. sylvaticus, and 6 Sorex araneus) were examined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies related to B.burgdorferi s.l., C. burnetii, and F. tularensis were detected in 15%, 19%, and 20% of animals, respectively. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi and F. tularensis statistically differed in localities and F. tularensis also differed in sex. Antibodies against 2–3 pathogens were found in 17% of animals with a higher prevalence in M. glareolus. This study brings new data about the prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of ixodiс ticks and their hosts of the Non-Black Earth Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of exogenous factors on the population of ixodic ticks and small mammals. It is known that parasitic arthropods, mouse-like rodents are very susceptible to changes in climatic factors of a certain habitat. For the development of their population, it is necessary to study many factors: a certain air temperature, humidity or rainfall, daylight hours, cloud cover, and atmospheric pressure. The survival of small mammals, and therefore the number of ticks in the future, depends on exogenous factors. Mathematical modeling in parasitology opens up great opportunities for predicting outbreaks of vector-borne infections and infestations without serious material costs. As a result, calculation models of small mammals for the Kaluga Region and data on the most influence of the average atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and humidity on the arthropod population were obtained. The higher the ambient temperature is within the normal range for a certain territory, the more favorable the conditions for propagation are. Rainfall has the opposite effect. The analysis of the obtained model by ixodic ticks shows the strongest effect on the arthropod population of average atmospheric pressure. The advantage of the applied modeling allows taking into account the impact on the observed object of a combination of all factors and their interaction effects.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Fedor I. Vasilevich ◽  
Anna M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

Small mammal mycophagy in hemiboreal forest communities of Lithuania

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Kataržytė ◽  
Ernestas Kutorga
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe diets of small mammals in different hemiboreal spruce-dominated, oak-dominated and mixed forests in western part of Lithuania were studied by examination of fungal spores in fresh fecal pellets of caught animals. In the diets of mice (Apodemus spp.), bank voles (Myodes glareolus), and common and pygmy shrews (Sorex araneus and S. minutus), 22 different fungal taxa were identified, 15 of which were hypogeous fungi. The sporocarp abundance and the spores in fecal samples of Elaphomyces fungi prevailed in study area during this investigation. Although most of the captured individuals consumed fungi, the consumption varied among small mammal species. The data show that the fungi were more frequent and taxonomically diverse in Myodes glareolus than in Apodemus spp. diets. The study provided evidence that the fungal component in the diets of insectivorous Sorex species is more diverse than previously known. The availability of sporocarps and the fungal component in the diets of small mammals showed seasonal effects. Annual hypogeous and epigeous sporocarp abundances did not vary significantly across forest types. The significant difference in mycophagy was observed across all forest cover types, with the greatest fungal diversity in fecal samples collected in mixed coniferous-deciduous tree stands.

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