scholarly journals Prevalence of antibodies against leptospires in small mammals in relation to age, sex and season

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Treml ◽  
Jiří Nepeřený ◽  
Eva Jánová ◽  
Hana Banďouchová ◽  
Jiří Pikula
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
South Moravia

A total of 2,195 small mammals belonging to 8 species were captured in different districts of South Moravia, Czech Republic, and examined for antibodies against leptospires in the period from 2004 to 2008. Positive specimens amounting to 173 (9%) were found annually in five species of rodents such as Apodemus sp., Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis, Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. The recognised leptospiral serotypes included L. grippotyphosa, L. bulgarica, L. sejroe and L. icterohaemorrhagiae/copenhageni. The highest prevalence of antibodies was against the L. grippotyphosa serotype (92.8%). Reactions with other serotypes of leptospires were exceptional. Reactions with L. bulgarica antigen were only due to coagglutination with L. grippotyphosa leptospires. The titres ranged from 100 to 12,800. However, lower values up to the titre of 800 predominated in 151 cases (83.4%). There were non-significant sex differences in seroprevalence with 8.1% and 7.6% prevalence in males and females, respectively. Marked differences were, however, found in seroprevalence of juveniles and adults with 3.3% and 10.2%, respectively. Adult males and females were seropositive in 10.9% and 9.5%, respectively; juveniles were seropositive only in 3.0% and 3.7%. The highest percentage of specimens (43.6%) was examined during July and August. The summer seroprevalence of 10.9% was higher than in spring and autumn. Our results revealed the persistence of both natural and synanthropic nidi of leptospirosis in the region under study and demonstrated epidemiological implications regarding health protection of animals and humans.

scholarly journals Rodent species in urban cemeteries of Chisinau city, Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Caraman ◽  
◽  
Galina Tikhonova ◽  
Igori Tikhonov ◽  
Elena Kotenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Sorex Araneus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Microtus Rossiaemeridionalis

The research has been conducted in 3 biggest cemeteries of Chisinau city: Central (“Armenian”), “Saint Lazarus” (“Doina”) and Jewish. We found 9 species of small mammals (7 species of rodents and 2 shrews). Species of rodents were Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis, Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. uralensis, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus and 2 shrew species – Sorex araneus and Crocidura suaveolens. A.sylvaticus was dominant species, followed by M. rossiaemeridionalis and A. flavicollis.

scholarly journals Small mammals – natural reservoir of pathogenic leptospires

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 10 - 11) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. TREML ◽  
M. PEJČOCH ◽  
Z. HOLEŠOVSKÁ
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Natural Reservoir

A total of 429 specimens belonging to 9 species of small mammals, trapped in various areas of the CzechRepublicduring the year 2001, were examined for antibodies against leptospires. Antibodies were found in all localities under study in 50 specimens, i.e., 11.6%, belonging to 5 species. Antibodies were most often , i.e., in 42% of positives, found in Microtus arvalis. In Apodemus spp. and Clethrionomys glareolus it was in 34.0% and 14.0% of positives, respectively. In other specimens belonging to Mus musculus and Microtus subterraneus antibodies were found only on occasion. Antibodies against L. grippotyphosa serotype were only found. Titres varied from 100 to 12 800 and most reactions in positive individuals were at lower dilutions, i.e., up to the titre of 800 in 40 cases (80%). e results proved the already known fact of dominant persistence of leptospiral foci of the grippotyphosa type in theCzechRepublic.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Among Frail Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
Brianne Olivieri-Mui ◽  
Sandra Shi ◽  
Ellen McCarthy ◽  
Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Frailty may differentially impact how older adult males and females perceive sexual functioning, an important part of well-being. We assessed the level of frailty (robust, pre-frail, frail) for anyone with data on 11 sexual functioning questions asked in wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, 2010-2011 (n=2060). Questions covered five domains: overall sexual function (OSF), sexual function anxiety (SFA), changes in sexual function (CSF), erectile/vaginal dysfunction (EVD), and masturbation. Logistic regression identified sex differences in frailty and reporting worse sexual functioning. Linear regression predicted the number of domains reported as worse. Among males (n=1057), pre-frailty meant higher odds of reporting SFA (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2-6.6), CSF (OR 1.7 95%CI 1.1-2.7), and EVD (OR 1.5 95%CI 1.0-2.2). Among females (n=1003), there was no difference in reporting by frailty. Females were more likely to report worse OSF (Robust: OR 7.4, 95%CI 4.8-11.4; Pre-frail: OR 6.2, 95%CI 3.9-9.9; Frail: OR 3.4 95%CI 1.7-6.6), but less likely to report SFA (Robust OR .3, 95%CI .2-.5; Pre-frail OR .2, 95%CI .1-.3; Frail OR .2 95%CI .1-.3). Pre-frail and frail females reported fewer domains as worse (Pre-frail coefficient -0.21 SE 0.09, Frail -0.43 SE 0.14). As frailty worsened, males reported more domains as worse (Pre-frail 0.24 SE 0.07, Frail 0.29 SE 0.08). Self-reported sexual functioning differs by sex at all levels of frailty, and reporting by males, but not females, changes with frailty. Providers should be aware that sexual functioning is of importance to both sexes despite varying degrees of frailty.

scholarly journals Small mammals of the Kaluga region – reservoirs of dangerous zoonotic diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Nikanorova ◽  
Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Small Forest

The article considers the issues of carriage by small mammals of dangerous zoonotic diseases: leptospirosis, tularemia, hantaviruses. Data on the detection of antigens to pathogens in the districts of the Kaluga region are presented. As you know, small mammals are the main link in maintaining zoonotic natural focal diseases. The larval phases of ixodic ticks, mosquitoes and other parasitic arthropods prefer to feed on the blood of mouse rodents, which contributes to the spread of vector-borne infections and infestations. The following species of mouse rodents are found in the Kaluga Region: small forest mouse (Apodemus uralensis), gray vole, red vole (Myodes glareolus), field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In natural biotopes, field species prevail in number: field mouse, gray vole, red vole. In the Kaluga region, antigens for tularemia, hantaviruses, and leptospirosis were found in small mammals in 4.9–9.4% of the studied animals on average per year. Of particular concern are the city of Kaluga, Borovsky, Babyninsky, Yukhnovsky, Ulyanovsk, Medynsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Meshchovsky, Peremyshlsky, Kozelsky, Dzerzhinsky and Ulyanovsk districts. The data obtained indicate the stationarity of these diseases in the territory of the Kaluga region.

Somatic characteristics and reproduction of common vole, Microtus arvalis (Microtus arvalis

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Common Vole ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
The Common ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractReproduction potential and biometry of somatic characteristics of the common vole Microtus arvalis were evaluated and discussed. The results were processed on the basis of an extensive material (2,171 individuals) from the whole territory of Slovakia (315 sites situated at altitudes from 100 to 1500 m above sea level). Among the somatic characteristics studied, the highest variability was found in body length and the smallest in hind foot length. Highly significant differences were also found between the foot length of adult males and females. Populations of M. arvalis at low altitudes were less numerous than at higher altitudes. Altitudinal differences in average embryo numbers in female uteri as well as differences in follicle length in males during the reproductive season were also observed.

Parental Bonding and Hostility: Examining the Links Between Sex Differences, Hostility, Anger, and Aggression

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 568-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Ingram ◽  
Jessica Balderas ◽  
Kelsey Hagan ◽  
Kendall Kohnle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Males And Females

Introduction: Although parental bonding that is characterized by overprotection and low care is associated with adult depression and anxiety, less is known about its association with other mood states. Additionally, few studies differentiate between maternal and paternal bonding or evaluate sex differences in offspring's emotional responding as a function of bonding. Method: The current study examined parental bonding as it relates to hostility, anger, and verbal and physical aggression in young adults. Participants reported their mood state, perception of parenting behaviors, and their experience of hostility and its correlates. Results: After controlling for current mood, paternal care modulated males' anger and verbal aggression, whereas maternal care modulated females' physical aggression. Maternal overprotection predicted hostility in males. Discussion: Findings suggest that less parental care and greater parental overprotection precipitate angry and aggressive responding later in life, and these results are linked to sex differences in both parents and in young adult males and females.

Blubber fatty acids of gray seals reveal sex differences in the diet of a size-dimorphic marine carnivore

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie A Beck ◽  
Sara J Iverson ◽  
W Don Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Ocean Bottom ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Dimorphic Species ◽  
Gray Seals

Sex differences in foraging behaviour have been attributed to size dimorphism, niche divergence, and sex-specific fitness-maximizing strategies. Although sex differences in diving behaviour of marine carnivores are thought to result in sex differences in diet, this is not known for any species over temporal scales relevant to life-history characteristics. We examined blubber fatty acid (FA) profiles of gray seals, Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791), a sexually size-dimorphic species in which sex differences in foraging behaviour have been observed. FA profiles reflect prey consumed over a period of weeks or months. FA profiles of adult males and females varied significantly by season but there was a season by sex interaction, indicating that seasonal changes in diet differed by sex. FA profiles of adults also varied interannually, with a significant sex by year interaction. Interannual variability may have been a response to changes in ocean-bottom temperatures affecting prey availability or changes in prey abundance. Adult FA profiles differed from those of 6-month-old juveniles; however, there was no evidence of sex differences in the diet of younger animals. Our results indicate that sex differences in the foraging behaviour of adults are reflected in differences in diet at multiple temporal scales.

scholarly journals Sodium selenite as a new rodenticide

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Goran Jokic ◽  
Marina Vuksa ◽  
Suzana Djedovic ◽  
Tanja Scepovic ◽  
Vesna Jacevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Rodent Control ◽  
The Past

Rodents are the most destructive group of small mammalian pests considering the overall damage that they cause by feeding and other activities, or as vectors of many disease agents. In practice, chemical rodenticides have been the most widespread and most effective method of control of commensal (Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) and most harmful field rodent pests (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. agrarius and Microtus arvalis). After anticoagulant and vitamin D3 rodenticides, which were introduced worldwide in the 1980s, no other chemical compound has had a comparable role as a rodenticide in practice. In the past decade, commercial baits containing 0.1% sodium selenite have also been registered in Serbia in various formulations both for controlling rodents indoors and in the field. Data on sodium selenite as a rodenticide have been scarce. The present paper surveys research data reported so far, analyzing and drawing conclusions regarding the validity and feasibility of sodium selenite as a method of rodent control with reference to the available ecotoxicological data.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in the Gut Microbiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Clarissa Ren ◽  
Kristyn Sylvia
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Individual

The gut microbiome has received increasing interest in past years due to its link to many diseases and its potential in therapy. One often-overlooked and newer area of research is the sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome, and how it relates to the sex differences in behavior, diseases, and the underlying makeup between that of males and females. Reviewing the literature has demonstrated that in several organisms, adult males and females do naturally have different compositions of gut microbes. Differences between the sexes in gut microbiome have also been correlated with differences between the sexes in social behavior and various disorders. A thorough understanding of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome is crucial to designing better studies, understanding the mechanism of the diseases and behaviors tied to the sexual dimorphism in the microbiome, and fine-tuning more precise treatments that account for the sex of the individual.

scholarly journals Distribution of Small Mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) in the Gradient Direction Urban–Suburban–Rural of Central Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Vladimír Langraf ◽  
Zuzana Krumpálová ◽  
Kornélia Petrovičová ◽  
Zuzana Poláčiková ◽  
Michal Ambros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Microtus Arvalis ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Sorex Minutus ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Changes in the structure of small mammals’ communities (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) along urban–rural gradient indicate the environmental state of stability or instability. Since small mammals are important with regard to the transmission of diseases to man and domestic animals, therefore knowledge of their association with the landscape structure is needed in land use planning. In course of the period from 2015 to 2017, there were recorded 109 individuals belonging to 15 species at 9 study sites (3 rural, 3 suburban, and 3 urban). We recorded a decrease in the average number of species in the direction of the suburban–urban–rural gradient. The number of individuals decreased in the rural–urban–suburban gradient. Eudominant species Clethrionomys glareolus (D = 20.2%), Microtus arvalis (13.8%), and Sorex araneus (19.3%) preferred the close links between the terms of the rural landscape, while Apodemus agrarius (D = 11.9%) and Sorex minutus (D = 11.0%) preferred the close links between the terms of the urban landscape.

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