scholarly journals Eco-friendly management of late blight of potato– A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 821-835
Author(s):  
Shailbala Shailbala ◽  
Amarendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

 Late blight of potato caused by fungus Phytophthora infestans responsible for Irish famine in the year 1845, is one of the most dramatic episode caused by plant pathogen in human history. One million people died due to famine in Ireland. So eco-friendly management of potato late blight disease is a necessary goal to be accomplished.During last many years, management strategies solely relied upon the application of fungicides due to rapid development of late blight epidemics. However, indiscriminate use of fungicide posesses a serious threat to the environment and human health. It is also responsible for built up of resistance in the pathogen and have adverse effect on beneficial organisms such as nitrogen fixers, resident antagonism and mycorrhizal fungi. So to minimize the fungicide use, eco-friendly means for late blight management are required on a priority basis. In recent years, significant changes in isolates of late blight fungus have been recorded including changes in aggressiveness to the crop also. Since, late blight is a community disease so, effective eco-friendly management must be adopted by the all producers, farmers, gardeners and growers with the help of government agencies, extension specialist and crop consultants etc. The strategy to control late blight is the prevention of establishment of Phytophthorainfestans in potato crop. In this context, disease management by cultural practices is the first line of defense while forecasting system, physiological strategies, biological control, host plant resistance and bio-technological approach are essential for efficient, effective and eco-friendly management of late blight of potato.

Efficacy of fungicides in controlling late blight of potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
MM Anwar ◽  
A Parveen ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
NU Mahamud ◽  
RK Roy
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Potato cultivars grown in Bangladesh have low levels of general resistance to late blight. As such, most commercial potato farmers rely on fungicide applications for control of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. Management of late blight of potato requires an integrated approach that includes rotation with non-hosts, resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and fungicides. The study on efficacy of some new fungicides against late blight disease of potato was conducted at ARS, Alamnagar Rangpur during rabi season 2010-2011 to select suitable fungicides against late blight of potato. Thirteen different fungicides were tested and all the tested fungicides showed significantly better performance over control. Considering percentage disease incidence T4,T6 and T12 showed better performance than all other treatment. In case of T4,T6 and T12 treatment disease reduction was more than 80 % over control. Significantly the highest tuber yield 25.5 t ha-1was obtained from T3  which was statistically similar to the yield of T2,T5 , T6, T9, T10, T11and T12  treatment whereas the lowest tuber  yield 14.5 t ha-1 was obtained from control treatment. Field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2011 to investigate the comparative efficacy of the fungicides. In the field, applications of fungicide that preceded the largest incremental increase in disease incidence provided the best control of disease or increased yield.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 103-108, 2015

scholarly journals Late Blight of Potato (Phytophthora infestans) I: Fungicides Application and Associated Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Zahir Muhammad ◽  
Zabeeh Ullah ◽  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Habib Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been remained an important agricultural crop in resolving global food issues through decades. The crop has experienced enormous growth in terms of production throughout the world in recent decades because of improvement in agricultural mechanization, fertilizers application and irrigation practices. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of this valuable crop is still vulnerable to losses due to prevalence of different viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodes infestations. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is one of the most threatening pathogenic diseases which not only results in direct crop losses but also cause farmers to embrace huge monetary expenses for disease control and preventive measures. The disease is well known for notorious ‘Irish Famine’ which resulted in drop of Irish population by more than 20% as result of hunger and potato starvation. Globally, annual losses of crop and money spend on fungicides for late blight control exceeds one trillion US dollars. This paper reviews the significance of late blight of potato and controlling strategies adopted for minimizing yield losses incurred by this disease by the use of synthetic fungicides. Advantages and disadvantages of fungicides application are discussed.

After the famine: Plant pathology, Phytophthora infestans, and the late blight of potatoes, 1845––1960

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STEVEN TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease

ABSTRACT: The late blight disease of potatoes, which triggered the great Irish famine of 1845-1849, remains one of the most feared and intractable plant diseases today. Decades of dispute about the cause of the disease followed the outbreak of 1845, and the scientifi c controversy illustrates the uneasy historical relationship among farmers, scientifi c agronomists, and plant pathologists. Consensus fi nally emerged that the fungus Phytophthora infestans was the true cause of the disease, but that organism's full life cycle remained obscure. Its sexual oospores could not be readily obtained by mycologists, despite sporadic reports that had been observed. The 20th century opened with great optimism that resistant varieties could be developed using dominant R-genes obtainable from some wild species, and this optimism led to a proliferation of public breeding programs between 1925 and 1935. But these hopes had foundered by the early 1950s with the inexplicable appearance of new fungal races that could overwhelm the most blight-resistant germplasm. The Rockefeller Foundation's postwar agricultural initiative in Mexico led during the 1950s to dramatic and unexpected solutions to some of the late blight puzzles. But even then the fungus remained obscure, and effective, non-chemical control methods have never been forthcoming. This article examines the historical frustrations of late-blight science and advances that history as a case study illustrating the rise and fall of an ““heroic age”” of resistance breeding and plant pathology in the first half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals First signs of late blight resistance in traditional native potatoes of Pasco—Peru, a preliminary assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Zevallos ◽  
Josue Inga ◽  
Fernando Alvarez ◽  
Karina Marmolejo ◽  
Rocio Paitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Background The native Andean potatoes, despite their low yield, have a large diversity that is conserved by subsistence farmers in Peru, due to their culinary characteristics and other qualities. However, this diversity is threatened by the impacts of climate change, which would directly affect the food security of these people, and eventually ours. Among its qualities of resistance to pests and diseases, there could be a genetic source of resistance to late blight, one of the most damaging diseases of the potato crop in the world. In this assay, 103 native landraces collected from local farmers in the Pasco region of Peru were subjected to natural infection conditions with Phytophthora infestans to identify potential resistant landraces within them. Results The 103 landraces assessed showed a broad variety of responses and were classified as “resistant” (22%), “moderately resistant” (57%), and “susceptible landraces” (21%). A relative effect of the disease in the yield is also shown, which is already low for commercial intentions. Conclusion Within this representative sample of the native potato diversity of the Pasco region, at least 23 local varieties grown by subsistence farmers have resistance qualities against eventual late blight disease.

scholarly journals Influence of agronomic practices on severity of late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1302-1305
Author(s):  
S. Dey ◽  
A. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

An experiment was carried out to find out the influence of such agronomic practices on severity of the disease and to seek a proper cultural practice for management late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans). The experimental results showed that the severity of late blight disease could be minimized by reducing the depth of irrigation (i.e. ¼ of irrigation channel). It was observed that the disease severity could be minimized by increasing the row-to-row and plant-to-plant spacing (60 × 25 cm). It was also observed that when less than recommended dose of nitrogenous fertilizer (200 Kg N/ha) along with slightly more than recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (200 Kg P2O5/ha and 250 Kg K2O/ha) was applied, severity and spread of the disease was found to be under check. Therefore, for better management of late blight of potato the proper agronomic practices should be integrated with the application of fungicides. This will not only reduce the number of sprays but also reduces the health hazards owing to application of fungicides.

scholarly journals Effective management strategies against late blight of potato

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Ashis Chakraborty ◽  
Hirak Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

A field experiment was conducted during 2012-13 and 2013-14 crop season to find out the most effective strategies for management of late blight of potato. It was observed that prophylactic spray with mancozeb @ 0.2% followed by fenamidone + manozeb @ 0.3% as 2nd spray at the onset of the disease followed by mancozeb @ 0.2% as 3rd spray seven days after application of the 2nd spray followed by one more spray with fenamidone+mancozeb @ 0.3% as 4th spray seven days after application of 3rd spray exhibited best management of late blight of potato in terms of percent reduction of disease over control which was 83.64 and 84.79% in 2012-13 and 2013-14 crop season, respectively. The total tuber yield was also highest in this treatment showing 25.84 and 26.78 t ha-1 during 2012-13 and 2013-14 crop season, respectively.SAARC J. Agri., 14(1): 111-117 (2016)

scholarly journals Genotype reaction of Solanum tuberosum, andigena and phureja groups to late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Bary)

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (E) ◽  
pp. 138-157
Author(s):  
Jennyfer Moncayo ◽  
Roberth Delgado ◽  
Carlos Marcillo ◽  
Claudia Salazar ◽  
Carlos Betancourth
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Disease Effect ◽  
Blight Disease

Potato crop is the fourth main food product in the world, but is affected by Phytophthora infestans, the late blight disease causal agent. This research was carried out in a town of Pasto high plateau, South of Colombia. In order to evaluate the reaction of different genotypes of creole potato (Solanum tuberosum groups Phureja and Andigena) with regard the disease. A Randomized Complete Block design was established with three repetitions, where 30 genotypes were distributed and three plants were evaluated per repetition during two crop cycles in natural exposure to the pathogen. To assess the disease effect on production, the same genotypes were maintained with chemical control in an adjacent batch. Genotypes classified as tolerant are Chaucha Manzana, Cachuda, Criolla Colombia, Malvaseña, Andina and Criolla, during the first cycle with performance values ​​between 23 to 26t.ha-1 and during the second to Calavera Negra, Chaucha Paisa, Ratona, Criolla Galeras, Ratona Roja, Tornilla Roja and Aguacata with performance values ​​between 23 to 28t.ha-1. The graphic severity scale allowed genotypes to be categorized as susceptible and highly susceptible. The results indicate that for the prevalent pathogen race in this study area, there are no resistance sources within the studied collection. However, genotypes such as Criolla Colombia and Andina showed a better performance in terms of yield.

scholarly journals The Impact of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids on the Physiology of Phytophthora infestans, the Causative Agent of Potato Late Blight

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dahlin ◽  
Marion C. Müller ◽  
Sophia Ekengren ◽  
Lauren S. McKee ◽  
Vincent Bulone
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
The Impact

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are plant secondary metabolites known to be toxic to animals and humans and that have putative roles in defense against pests. The proposed mechanisms of SGA toxicity are sterol-mediated disruption of membranes and inhibition of cholinesterase activity in neurons. It has been suggested that phytopathogenic microorganisms can overcome SGA toxicity by enzymatic deglycosylation of SGAs. Here, we have explored SGA-mediated toxicity toward the invasive oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the causative agent of the late blight disease in potato and tomato, as well as the potential for SGA deglycosylation by this species. Our growth studies indicate that solanidine, the nonglycosylated precursor of the potato SGAs α-chaconine and α-solanine, has a greater physiological impact than its glycosylated forms. All of these compounds were incorporated into the mycelium, but only solanidine could strongly inhibit the growth of P. infestans in liquid culture. Genes encoding several glycoside hydrolases with potential activity on SGAs were identified in the genome of P. infestans and were shown to be expressed. However, we found no indication that deglycosylation of SGAs takes place. We present additional evidence for apparent host-specific adaptation to potato SGAs and assess all results in terms of future pathogen management strategies.

scholarly journals Phytophthora spp.: Economic Plant Threats in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Mohamed Hussain Abdulkhair
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

The potato crop is exposed to infection with many fungal diseases including late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans. The control of late blight disease requires an integrated management approach represented in cultivation control, plant resistance, and fungicide control. The citrus plants are infected by Phytophthora nicotianae that is causing root rot disease in Egypt. Three species of Phytophthora responsible for infection of citrus plants; P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora, and P. palmivora. Other pathogens associate P. nicotianae and form complexes or coinfection that release different diseases for citrus plants such as gummosis, Phytophthora–Diaprepes complex (PDC), and Huanglongbing syndrome (HLBS).

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